Archaisms, historicism, neologisms: tanthauzo zitsanzo za ntchito chinenero Russian

Chirasha ali mawu udakali chabe. Woyamba tichipeza mawu, aliyense wa ife amagwiritsa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, gulu lachiwiri kawirikawiri ntchito mawu a mawu. Izi zikuphatikizapo archaisms, historicism, neologisms. kufufuza kwawo chikuchitika mu "mau ndi lexicology."

mawu yogwira ndi kungochita

Kayankhulidwe ka chinenero cha Chirasha mu m'mawu mamiliyoni ambiri. Akatswiri kugawa mawu onse a chinenero cha Chirasha m'magulu awiri - mawu udakali chabe.

Pakuti mawu chabe zikuphatikizapo mawu bwino kwa munthu kapena kuzindikira kwa iwo, koma kawirikawiri ntchito. Apa ndi akutali archaisms, historicism, neologisms.

Pakuti mawu a yogwira ndi mawu amene timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zikuphatikizapo migwirizano ndi mawu, mawu ndi amene tikutanthauza m'dzikoli. Ili ndi dzina la mipando, zovala, chakudya, mawu pofotokoza ubale, ntchito, maudindo ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

lililonse udakali chabe mawu munthu payekha ndi zimadalira m'badwo, malo okhala, ntchito akatswiri. Pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wathu zikusintha buku zake malangizo mwina, malingana ndi zinthu zingapo.

mawu chabe

Pakuti mawu chabe ndi mawu ndi lothandiza latsopano.

Mwa mawu achikale kusiyanitsa magulu ziwiri: archaisms ndi historicism. Pa iwo ayankhidwa mu malo oyamba, taganizirani tanthauzo la ntchito zimene amachita archaisms ndi historicism zitsanzo za mawu wamba.

mawu atsopano amene amapanga gawo ang'onoang'ono a mphepete chabe chinenero ndipo amatchedwa neologisms. Kenako, tikambirana tanthauzo awo ndi zimayambitsa kulankhula.

archaisms

Kuyamba disassemble mawu achikale - archaisms ndi historicism. Archaisms - mawu chakale, panopa disused. Ili ndi dzina lakale kapena maina a zinthu zamakono. Nthawi zambiri m'malo archaisms mawu ena onena za mfundo zofanana ndi akutsutsa kuti mawu chakale. Aliyense anali ofanana ano, mwa kulankhula kwina, mawu lofanana.

Malinga njira maphunziro, pali archaisms:

1. Lexical, omwe m'malo mwa mawu amene ali ndi mizu osiyana. mawu awa ali ovuta kuwamvetsetsa popanda kudziwa kumasulira kapena mtengo pachiyambi. Awa ndi mawu monga pakamwa - milomo, chala - chala, wotanthauzira - womasulira.
2. Lexical-mawu mapangidwe. Mu zinthu izi, chachikale chinkawavuta ndi Baibulo zamakono zili ndi muzu chomwecho, koma amasiyana morphemes mawu mapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mnzanga - mnzanga, asodzi - nsodzi.
3. Lexical ndi phonetic - wosiyana Baibulo yamakono ya kapangidwe phonetic. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo - wolemba ndakatulo, gistoriya - mbiri, cipher - chiwerengero.
4. Lexical-zamalankhulidwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo archaisms kuti adakali lizigwira chinenerochi, pamene ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mawu manyazi poyamba anatanthauza chowonetsedwa lero - manyazi kapena manyazi.

Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi ife kuyang'ana pa udindo wa archaisms chinenero cha Chirasha, makamaka mabuku. Archaisms olembedwa otanthauzira amalembedwa kuti "lotha".

historicism

Historicism anandiuza mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena mawu ndi zinthu zinalili kale, koma mbisoweka m'miyoyo yathu. Historicism zitsanzo za zimene tikumana kaŵirikaŵiri mu mabuku - wapolisi, ndi pamalo okwerera, pud, ndi zambiri. mfundo izi akugwira ntchito lerolino mu mabuku ndi mbiri, mabuku akale ndi manyuzipepala.

Ndi historicism ndi mawu amene amatanthauza njira poyera moyo, dzina la mabungwe akuluakulu ndi maudindo, tithe asilikali, zinthu ndiponso zida, mayunitsi akale, ndalama, ndi katundu wa m'nyumba. Mwachitsanzo: a nyumba za alendo, odula, mace, anagunda jackpot, ndi lackey, meya, ndi gunner.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti historicism sali ofanana. Nkofunika kukumbukira, monga mmodzi wa zizindikilo za historicism.

Mawu historicism ali anapanga kuti otanthauzira limene inu amalembedwa kuti "lotha", kupatula "ist". Likupezeka mu otanthauzira zosiyanasiyana historicism, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona osati mawu, komanso kuti adziwane bwino ndi chifaniziro cha chinthu chimene chimayimira zosiyana.

Historicism ndi archaisms: kusiyana mawu a

Nthawi zambiri ophunzira, ndi anthu chabe amene si kuti philology, funso n'lakuti: zimene archaisms wosiyana historicism? Chachikulu kusiyana ndi kuti chachikale chinkawavuta - lotha zoti chinthu kapena lingaliro kuti akadali pano mu miyoyo yathu. Historicism amatanthauza mfundo ndi zinthu yaitali ntchito.

Monga tanenera kale, mbali ina zimasiyanitsa - archaisms ali ofanana matanthauzo, historicism - palibe. Kuchokera pa mbali ziwirizi chosiyana, inu mosavuta kulingalira zomwe gulu makamaka chakale mawu.

neologisms

Neologisms - mawu omwe akupezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zatsopano kapena mfundo. Ena nthawi mawu ndi neologism, kenako amakhala obscheupotreblyaemym ndi akulowa mawu yogwira chinenero.

Neologisms angathe uka kwa chitukuko cha luso, kutuluka Olemba cholembera. Choncho, wolemba mawu "kutenga mpando wakumbuyo" anali F. M. Dostoevsky, ndi mawu akuti "makampani" unayamba mu mawu a N. M. Karamzin. Pamaziko a ichi kumasulidwa maumwini ndi neologisms chinenero.

Mu nthawi zosiyana za neologisms ndi mawu monga galimoto, Roketi, ndi laputopu, makalata ndi ena ambiri. Pamene ntchito neologisms ukufika pachimake ndi tanthauzo zimaonekeratu kuti aliyense, mawu amenewa basi kupita ku gulu obscheupotreblyaemyh.

Ngati historicism ndi archaisms zinalembedwa mu dikishonare ndi chizindikiro chapadera, ndi neologisms kulowa otanthauzira yekha pambuyo gawo la katundu yogwira dongosolo chinenero. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa ayamba apereke otanthauzira wapadera wa neologisms.

zimayambitsa

Timayesedwa archaisms, historicism, neologisms. Tsopano mawu ochepa za zifukwa asayembekezere.

Chifukwa kusintha mawu kuchokera yogwira ntchito mawu a chabe akadali sanamvetse mwatsatanetsatane. Ndipo ngati historicism kwambiri kapena zochepa, chifukwa pambuyo mofulumira ndi maganizo kusonyeza mawu ake amapita ku malire chabe, kuchokera archaisms ziri zambiri zovuta.

Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa zimayambitsa zotsatirazi archaisms: izmenija chikhalidwe, zinthu zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana, zinenero zosiyana - chikoka cha zilankhulo zina, kulankhulana stylistic, kusintha chinenero.

The zifukwa kwa zikamera wa neologisms monga:

- zosiyanasiyana izmenemeniya mu moyo chikhalidwe;

- patsogolo luso, ndiye maonekedwe a zinthu zatsopano, mfundo ndi zochitika.

Lero, neologisms kwambiri chokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ya kompyuta ndi kompyuta zomangamanga.

mtengo stylistic

mawu ochepa za udindo stylistic mawu mu mawu chabe chinenero cha Chirasha. The zambiri ntchito akanema deta mawu mabuku.

Choncho, ntchito archaisms kumathandiza molondola kwambiri recreate wolemba anafotokoza m'nyengo yodziwika ndi khalidwe mothandizidwa ndi mawu ake. Ndithudi inu anazindikira kuti mawu a ena otchulidwa umalamulira ndi mawu, mwachitsanzo ano, mu mawu ena - ena, lotha kapena chilankhulo. Choncho, wolemba zimapangitsa maganizo ndi chikhalidwe chithunzi cha munthuyo.

Ntchito mawu okuluwika kupereka kwambiri wapadera chapamwamba ochekenera mankhwala. The archaisms Zotengera ntchito kulenga azithunzithunzi kapena satirical zotsatira, kupereka kupindika.

Kuphunzira pa sukulu

Part wa archaisms, historicism, neologisms ali kusukulu sukulu pa maphunziro a Chirasha ndi mabuku. Childs, ankadziwa kalasi mawu akupezeka sukulu chachisanu ndi chakhumi mu phunziro Radel "Lexicology". Ophunzira kuphunzira kusiyanitsa mawu kuwapeza mu malemba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndiponso, kuphunzira zapamwamba, takumana ndi mawu achilendo ife, amene akhala mwa ntchito, kukhala bwino ndi tanthauzo, chiyambi.

Kuphunzira pa yunivesite

A oyamba mwatsatanetsatane kwa mawu udakali chabe chinenero Russian chimayambira ku mayunivesite mu kuphunzira "Lexicology" gawo. Nthawi zambiri izi mu chaka chachiwiri pa mkhalidwe wa Philology. Ophunzira anaphunzitsa chiyani archaisms wosiyana historicism, kodi ndi kumene mungapeze tanthauzo la mawu amenewa, momwe m'kagulu malinga anachokera, kudziwa ntchito ya malemba ena.

Ophunzira akhoza kupanga vocabularies awo, kuphunzira kupeza mawu kungochita malemba ndi m'malo, kudziwa chiyambi cha neologisms, chifukwa mofulumira mawu mu zinthu yogwira TV Russian chinenero mabuku.

anapezazo

Mu mawu chabe chinenero Russian tichipeza magulu awa a mphatso: archaisms - maina chakale mawu ndi mfundo, historicism - maina a zinthu ndi zochitika, anachoka zinthu zathu, neologisms - mawu ntchito pofotokoza mfundo zatsopano.

mawu achikale ntchito mabuku polemba malemba mbiri recreate zinkakhalira nthawi anafotokoza mu mankhwala.