Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "mauvais tani" ndi zina osatchuka sankakhala

Mu chinenero chamakono, kwambiri ngongole akubwera lero. Ndipo ndizo zabwino. Dictionary mawu atsopano a chinenero cha Chirasha nthawi zonse kusinthidwa ndi mawu achilendo amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kwa processing ndi lophunzira. Koma nthawi zina kuiwala kufunika kwa akulu, monga ataperekedwa kale mawu. Tsopano, ine ndikutsimikiza si aliyense amene angathe kwenikweni tanthauzo la "mauvais tani" kapena "kudzipereka" ndi kamodzi mawu awa anali wotchuka kwambiri.

Njira pobwereka ku Germanism kudzera gallinizmy kuti anglicisms

Iye anayamba nawo Peter. Kuyambira chiyambi cha XVIII atumwi Russian lolemera anthu chidwi moyo European, chikhalidwe, mafashoni. Peter Ine, kumanga St. Petersburg, anatsegula zenera ku Ulaya kwambiri analimbikitsa Russian Ufumu m'njira ya Europeanization. Iye anaitenga ku Holland ndi ena Germany, pamodzi ndi patsogolo luso, dzina lachilendo Zikuoneka kwa iwo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, udabuluka zambiri Germanism, ndiko kuti, mawu amene atuluka zilankhulo ku Germany, makamaka usilikali ndipo shipbuilding makampani. amakopeka A ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya - France, England - anayamba ina. Ndipo zinenero zina za m'mayiko amenewa pobwereka kwambiri anaonekera mu Russian ina. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII si koma amadziwika Russia, kodi tanthauzo la mawu akuti "mauvais tani".

Kotentha chilakolako France

Koma atamwalira Peter Ine zofuna za anthu olemekezeka, noblewomen anayamba zokhudza chikhalidwe chosiyana. Limafotokoza fashionistas, ojambula zithunzi, ogula, Afilosofi ndi ena amene amasamala Russian anali France. Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "mauvais tani" Masiku amenewo akanakhoza kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mwana aliyense. Mu Fonvizin, wolemba wa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, pali ngakhale sewero lanthabwala "Brigadier" omwe ankanyoza m'banja lachifumu amene adzikuza onse French ndi mwakhungu kutsanzira mawonetseredwe aliyense chikhalidwe French ndi kulturku. Malinga ndi wolemba, mawonekedwe khalidwe "Brigadier" - mauvais tani. olemekezeka Russian analankhula analemba French anali kavalidwe mafashoni yachilendo, anaitana ana awo ndi nannies Voltaire kwawo, kotero anabwera nawo ndi anabzala langwiro Parisian ka. Inde, anayamba kuonekera anaitenga ku chinenero mawu French. Zatsopano makamaka ana munda wa kachitidwe, khalidwe ndi ulemu, nkhondo ndi malo ogula. Mawu "mauvais tani" Mwachitsanzo, munakhala panthawi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mawu onse tsopano bwino: "battalion", "comme il faut", "mezzanine", "ulendo", "parachuti", "msuzi" ndi ena. Icho chinabwera kuchokera ku mawu French otchedwa Gallicisms chifukwa makolo utsogoleri anali French izo galls.

Nanga mauvais tani?

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "mauvais tani" - zoipa, sakugwirizana ndi ukali kuchita ndi manja, mawu. M'mawu ena, moveton - kukoma zoipa, khalidwe loipa. Loyang'ana - comme il faut (inde, kwambiri comme il faut, amene anafotokozedwa ndi Leo Tolstoy unyamata wake). Si kwambiri khalidwe lomwe likukwaniritsa malamulo ambiri amavomereza za ukhondo, ndi zimayenera munthu zochita zake ulemu. Nthawi zambiri, mu XVIII-XIX zaka ukali mfundo za makhalidwe, zodyera zinamulimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa tsopano. Comme il faut ndi moveton anali kwakukulukulu amasonyeza lingaliro, amene anaweruzidwa wa munthu pakati pa anthu.

M'ma watsopano - sankakhala latsopano

Koma kenako m'khutu XX atumwi, panali ya October kuukira boma, waponya yachitsulo nsalu yotchinga. N'zoonekeratu ena minibasi osalambira sikungakhoze kukhala funso. M'malo mwake, pa USSR nzeru m'zinenero zina zinachokera ku Russian. Koma pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe cha mwala, ndi "Beatles ndi", "pomayenda Miyala", pamodzi ndi jinzi ndi achilendo glossy magazini, pamodzi ndi onse woletsedwa choncho nthawi zana dzi ndi losaiwalika ku Soviet Union anayamba kudutsa Americanisms - pobwereka ku American English.

XXI m'zaka

Masiku ano mu Chirasha amabwera kwambiri mawu kuchokera English, zina zimene latsopano Japanese (kumunda luso ndi anime) ndi zinenero Caucasus. Ndipo kudziwa tanthauzo la mawu akuti "tani mauvais" ndi ntchito, ndi monga kukhala ndi mwayi wophunzira anthu anzeru.