Banja Cucurbitaceae. Mamembala wakale wa Cucurbitaceae banja

Dzungu anapereka pachaka kapena osatha, zokwawa kapena kukwera zitsamba, kawirikawiri zitsamba. Cucurbitaceae banja zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi 900 mitundu. Ambiri monga: nkhaka, dzungu, zukini, vembe ndi vwende.

Aliyense chomera banja Cucurbitaceae ndi kutikonda kwambiri kuwala, choncho angathe kukula kokha mu lotseguka, malo dzuwa. Komanso, iwo ndi kutentha wachikondi, kotero, Nyengo angathe cabe zoyesayesa zonse kukula ena mbewu, monga chivwende ndi kantalupu.

kapangidwe

Kuthawa zomera dzungu zambiri Kudzilambatitsa kapena kukwera ndi tinyanga, chimene chiri kusinthidwa lateral tsinde. A pepala la mbalambanda, wamba, kuti amakhala osiyana kuligaŵa. Maluwa akhoza kukhala actinomorphic, unisexual, osakwatira kapena anasonkhana inflorescence axillary. Perianth ndi tsinde la stamens zambiri kuyang'ana ngati chubu zinaphatikizidwa ndi n'kuwasanganiza lapansi. Corolla kungakhale gamopetalous, zisanu tsamba, zambiri wachikasu. chiwerengero cha stamens 5, ndipo nthawizina 2. Kapangidwe 3 chikuphatikizapo munsi, ndipo nthawizina 5 carpels. The n'kuwasanganiza n'chozama, ndipo zipatso ikuyimiridwa vwende.

Mamembala wamkulu wa banja

Ancient mwamuna mwina kusonkhanitsa zakutchire edible zomera, monga nyemba ndi nandolo, kapena muzu masamba - monga karoti. Akukhulupirira kuti masamba amenewa komanso saladi ndi kabichi wamkulu mu minda, anthu wosazindikira. Cha mtsogolo yodziwika ndi masamba olemera ndi chokoma.

Aigupto akale ankakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya letesi, kabichi, nyemba, vembe, Palestina ankalima, anyezi ndi artichokes. Kuti, ngakhale kwa zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo, yodyeramo tebulo munthu akanakhoza popitilira akonzedwa wabwino wa masamba.

Ancient Aroma ndi Agiriki nakulitsa masamba ofanana ndi Aigupto, koma anawonjezera kuti mndandanda nkhaka, katsitsumzukwa ndi udzu winawake.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu oyambirira a dzungu banja - izo nkhaka, mavwende.

Mamembala wotchuka wa banja

Ndi Cucurbitaceae banja monga:

• Nkhaka - zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi masamba. Waukulu mfundo zabwino n'chakuti nkhaka akhoza kukhala wamkulu chaka chonse - m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika mu greenhouses mkangano, mu kasupe ndi chilimwe - mu greenhouses ochiritsira, greenhouses ndi m'misasa yaing'ono film, ndi m'chilimwe ndi yophukira - kutchire. Nkhaka - mamembala wakale wa dzungu banja - ndi therere pachaka kwambiri mbewu teplotrebovatelnymi masamba. kukula zimaikidwa kupereka kutentha osati poyerekeza madigiri 25-27, mwinamwake mbewu amathera kusintha.

• Dzungu - chomera pachaka ndi mwamuna ndi maluwa wamkazi yekha. zipatso limakula lalikulu ndi ambiri-seeded. Pa tsinde asanu amaganiza anakonza masamba 5-7-lobed. Ena mitundu kupatsa zipatso masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 90. Yachigawo view wa dzungu otchedwa zukini. DZIKO - Mexico, Europe dzungu anagunda mu zaka zana la 16.

Mavwende ndi mavwende

Vwende ndi chivwende - mavwende, makamaka udzafunidwa mpweya kutentha ndi nthaka.

Vwende - chomera pachaka, gawo la Cucurbitaceae banja. maluwa nthawi zambiri unisexual, kawirikawiri bisexual. Male maluwa zambiri pamodzi bun, ndipo akazi - limodzi ndi lalikulu kwambiri. chipatso akutembenukira onunkhira, yowutsa mudyo.

Vembe - chomera amakhala ndi mipanda recumbent masamba kwambiri pinnatisect ndi zambiri ting'onoting'ono ta chapatatu. thupi ndi mwazi-wofiira ndi okoma. Madzi lili mpaka 5% shuga. Vembe imatengedwa malo Africa, komwe nthumwi kukula zakutchire vembe-kolokvinta amene yodziwika ndi zipatso ang'ono (osapitirira mtedza) ndi thupi okhwima.

dzungu

Dzungu, ndithudi, wa Cucurbitaceae banja. Kodi zomera ndi chakudya, ndi amene angathe kuikidwa pa tebulo? Pakuti loyamba wofanana ndi polemba kukula kwake ndi kulemera, ndi wachiwiri limafanana ndi zofunika osiyana kwambiri - zochepa, kukoma wabwino ndi okhutira mkulu wa mankhwala zakudya ndi mankhwala chikhalidwe.

Dzungu - chikhalidwe wakale kwambiri, chimene chakhala kukula mu America kwa zaka 3 zikwi zapitazo .. Pamene Dziko Latsopano, mbewu anabweretsedwa ku Europe linatsegulidwa. Pakali pano, ambiri m'madera kum'mwera amakhulupirira kuti zaka zakubadwa izi chikhalidwe Russian.

Information zakudya

Cucurbitaceae banja wolemera mu shuga, carotene, osiyanasiyana mavitamini - ndicho, B1, B2, B6, C, E, PP, T. Last kwambiri Iyamba ndondomeko ya chimbudzi, ndiponso facilitates kuloŵerera nyama ndi zina katundu.

Dzungu lili salt zinthu monga asidi phosphoric, potaziyamu, magnesium, ndipo ngati ife kuganizira kuchuluka yachitsulo, ndiye angatchedwe ngwazi mwa masamba. Komanso, pali zambiri potaziyamu ndi pectin, amene angalepheretse yatsoka kutupa mu m'matumbo.

anthu odziwa amati dzungu phala, nthawi zambiri kudya, ali zodabwitsa umathandizanso tingati ndi matenda oopsa, kunenepa ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Ndipo tulo angathe kuchiritsidwa dzungu madzi kapena decoction dzungu ndi uchi.

Mbewu za izi masamba chozizwitsa ndi otetezeka mwamtheradi anthelmintic.

Pa mitundu ya maungu

dzungu waukulu kwambiri ozizira zosagwira, koma pambuyo kwambiri kukhwima kuposa tverdokorymi. Tsinde la mbewu ali ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical. chipatso amakhala ndi zinthu monga chachikulu, posungira nthawi yaitali, mkulu amakambirana khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu.

Tverdokorymi dzungu musawope kusinthasintha lakuthwa kutentha. Tsinde ndi faceted, pakati. Kwa mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ndi: kukula yaing'ono, zake rind ndi prickly subulate kuchotsa.

Butternut sikwashi imatengedwa kwambiri kutentha wachikondi, ndi mochedwa, nthawi zambiri dlinnopletistoy lopanda chitsamba. Tsinde anapereka mawonekedwe okruglogranennoy. Chipatso cha yaing'ono kapena sing'anga, ndi elongated ndi mwapang'ono pakati. thupi ndi lalanje ndi nutmeg kununkhira.

Komanso, wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi a zofufuzafufuza ndi: chodyera, chakudya, gymnosperms, ndi mbale kukongoletsa dzungu. makhalidwe awo enieni osati makamaka osiyana pamwamba.

Mankhwala katundu wa dzungu

Cucurbitaceae banja zikuphatikizapo N'zoonekeratu nthumwi zothandiza - ndi dzungu. Lili ndi yaikulu mavitamini ndi mchere zingatipindulitse kwambiri thanzi la munthu.

phindu dzungu:

• kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa pa mundawo m'mimba;
• ndiyotani pakuchotsa mavuto amenewo, monga kudzimbidwa ndi majeremusi;
• normalization njira kagayidwe kachakudya;
• diuretic zotsatira;
• Kupha poizoni;
• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mwazi;
• kuchotsa ululu cystitis pachimake ndi urethritis;
• kulemera normalization;
• kuchiza mutu, kusowa tulo, ndipo ngakhale matenda mantha.

Komanso, masamba izi chikuzika m'munda wa kukongola. Choncho, mothandizidwa ndi dzungu chigoba akhoza kutsegula khungu ndipo amapanga mavitamini chakudya, kuchiritsa ziphuphu zakumaso ndi zosiyanasiyana chikanga.