Chivomezi ndi chiphala kuphulika ku Russia: mndandanda wa mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Mapiri ndi zivomezi - ndi zochitika zapadera zachilengedwe zimene zimachitika mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe a tectonics mbale. Zotupa, zambiri limodzi ndi zivomezi ndiwe wa makamaka boma kunjenjemera kutumphuka, chifukwa mu mwadzidzidzi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, izi mafunde zivomerezi, kubadwa kwa dziko lapansi ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, ndi zina zochitika zina zopangidwa ndi anthu.

Mapiri - zosiyanasiyana mabowo matanthwe a pansi padziko, kuchokera pansi pa kuti ndi liwiro lalikulu ndi mphamvu pamwamba ndi ejected yambiri thanthwe chosungunula.

Tisanafotokoze tione zitsanzo za mapiri ku Russia, mwachidule kupereka ena matanthauzo, ndipo tikupeza, bwanji zochitika zimenezi zikuchitika.

General zokhudza mapiri ndi zivomezi

Zivomezi zimachitika chifukwa mwadzidzidzi amasulidwe kuthamanga, anapeza pansi kutumphuka padziko lapansi chifukwa ena nthawi zina za nthawi. zinthu zivomerezi anatsimikiza ndi miyezo ntchito seismometer (kukula ndi mphamvu ya chivomezi chinachitika).

Mfundo ya yatsoka chivomezi amatchedwa panayambira. Hypocenter - mfundo padziko lapansi, ndi pamene panayambira la mapiri a. Kuphulika yokhudza misa (extruding) ndi chiphalaphala chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula zambiri za mtundu mapiri kapena zitunda pambuyo yozizira zipangizo anataya.

Zoopsa zochitika zachilengedwe angayambe mbali iliyonse ya padziko lapansi (ngakhale m'mapiri) onse m'dziko ndi pa nyanja ndi pa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri pali ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri ku Russia, zomwe anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu nkhaniyi.

Mapiri ogaŵikana mitundu 3: zinatha, matalala (asanayambe) ndi akuchitachita.

Maps amaika ndimakwiya mapiri zivomezi zimasonyeza kuti makamaka (monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa), zinthu zimenezi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mzake, ndi chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo akhala mbali ya tectonics lapansi mbale.

The woopsa mu dziko

Tisanafotokoze pofotokoza mapiri waukulu mu Russia, kuimira koipa zochitika amenewa prozoshedshie pa dziko.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi The kuphulika zoopsa za phiri m'mbiri - ntchito za wotchuka kuphulika Phiri Vesuvius mu August 1979. Zotsatira zake zinali chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mizinda itatu Italy, kuphatikizapo waukulu wa iwo - Pompeii. Anapha anthu 16,000.

Zivomezi kowopsya izi: Mu 1976, ku mudziwo anawonongedwa Tanshan ku China (. Anthu 800 zikwi anaphedwa); mu 2011 pachilumba cha Honshu (Japan) chivomezi zinayambitsa zikamera tsunami zoopsa amene anawononga mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera Fukushima (a zikuluzikulu kumasulidwa cheza).

Zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri ku Russia

Zivomezi Russia - izo ndi zachilendo. Ngakhale kuti anthu a mizinda ndi chigawo chapakati cha dziko chodabwitsa ndi mwamwayi osadziwika.

Inde, ambiri adzakumbukira chochitika choopsa chimene chinachitika ku dziko m'nyengo Soviet. Chinthu choyipa chinali chivomezi ku Armenia mu December 1988, pamene mzinda inawonongedwa wa Spitak.

Mu Russia, pali zambiri zochitika zofanana wa kutumphuka, koma matalikidwe ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mu dera la Republic of Tuva kumapeto 2011, chivomezi mfundo 3.2. Ndipo lero m'dera ntchito zivomerezi sasiya.

Kuphulika kwa chiphalaphala mu Russia - ndi si zachilendo. M'madera ambiri boma yaikulu pafupifupi 200 zosiyanasiyana mapiri, ambiri mwa zili Kamchatka ndi Islands Kuril. Izi zikuphatikizapo 8.3% onse mapiri yogwira a Dziko Lapansi.

Nawa ochepa mapiri Russian amayesetsa ntchito yawo pa zaka zisanu zapitazi, ndipo anapatsidwa mwachidule mbiri ya ntchito yawo.

lathyathyathya Tolbachik

Mu November 2012, phiri kuphulika mu Russia zinachitika mu kum'mawa kwa Kamchatka. Malowa - Tolbachiksky chiphala massif, gawo la Kluchevskaya chiphala gulu (kum'mwera kumadzulo gawo). Mu zikuchokera zimapezekanso Lathyathyathya Tolbachik (ndi kutalika kwa 3140 m) ndi pachimake Tolbachik (3682 m). Iwo ili lakale chishango kuphulika.

Zinali zotupa moti watsopano, umene unayamba ndi kutsegula kwa mng'alu (kutalika kwa pafupifupi 5 km). Chiphalaphala utuluke unadzaza kuchipatala (m'munsi lakale "Leningrad"), yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa phiri ndipo m'munsi mwa nyumba ya paki chachibadwidwe "Kuphulika kwa Mapiri a Kamchatka".

Kizimen

Ndi stratovolcano mu mawonekedwe a chulucho zonse. Last yogwira kuphulika izo zinachitika mu 2013. Vulcan (2485 m) ili kum'mwera mbali Tumrok lokwera (kumadzulo otsetsereka) mu makilomita 265 kuchokera Petropavlovsk ndi makilomita 115 kuchokera. Milkovo.

Ambiri mwa ntchito zake unkachitika mu 2009, chifukwa m'chigwa cha geysers zinachitika kutsegula ya ambiri mwa iwo. Phulusa chifukwa cha kanthu chiphala chaka inasokoneza mu malo aakulu a biosphere malo (Kornotsky). Anabwera kuphulika 12 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo.

mayina

Izi kuphulika lina ili Kamchatka za Klyuchevskoy mapiri. Chinsinsi m'mudzimo kuti ili pafupi 40 makilomita (Ayenela-Kamchatsky chigawo). kutalika kwake mtheradi mamita 2882.

kuphulika otsiriza chinachitika mu 2013, koma wotchuka - mu 1955-1956. kuphulika mtambo nthawi kuti anafika kutalika kwa pafupifupi 35 Km. Chifukwa, ndi Chigwa anapanga U mawonekedwe lotseguka kum'mawa malangizo (m'mimba mwake 1.3 km). Pa phazi kum'mawa m'dera la 500 sq. Km, zitsamba zonse ndi mitengo wosweka ndi achotsa.

Kluchevskoy

Ndi posachedwapa (August 1913), zotupa moti amphamvu zinachitika mu Russia mu kum'mawa kwa Kamchatka. Izi stratovolcano - apamwamba a onse mwakhama Europe ndi ku Asia. Zaka pafupifupi 7000 zaka, ndipo msinkhu wake zimasiyanasiyana nthawi (4750-4850 m).

Mu October 2013 panali gawo lalikulu (pambuyo 4 chiphalaphala umayenda) ndi kuphulika phulusa ndime limatuluka kuti makilomita 10-12. Plume kwa izo kuyambira mu kum'mwera kumadzulo malangizo. Ash mathithi unachitikira ku midzi ndi Atlasovo Lazo ndi Atlasovo, momwe, wosanjikiza ake makulidwe inali pafupifupi awiri millimeters.

karymsky

Kuphulika omaliza stratovolcano imeneyi ili pa Kamchatka Peninsula (East Ridge), chinachitika mu 2014. kutalika kwake mtheradi mamita 1468. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mapiri achangu. Popeza 1852, anthu okwana oposa 20 kuphulika olembedwa.

About karymsky tili ndi mayina ofanana nyanja, komwe mu 1996, pamene zikuluzikulu m'madzi kuphulika, pafupifupi onse zinthu zamoyo zimene zimakhala mu izo, anafa.

Kuphulika lotsiriza la phiri ku Russia

Shiveluch amadziwikanso ili ndi Kamchatka Peninsula (East Ridge). Ndi kumpoto kwenikweni kwa yogwira onse Kamchatka mapiri. Kutalika kwa mtheradi wake - mamita 3307.

Mu June 2013 (m'mawa) Sheveluch anaponyedwa kutalika mamita 10,000 wamphamvu Lawi la phulusa. Chifukwa, m'mudzi wa Chinsinsi (47 Km from phiri), panali phulusa mathithi. m'misewu onse ndi nyumba yokutidwa millimeter wake wosanjikiza phulusa bulondi. Mu October (pambuyo kuphulika chamoto Klyuchevskoy) Sheveluch kumene mizu ndime ya phulusa ndi kutalika mamita 7600. Mu February 2014 chilemba ichi anafika makilomita oposa 11, ndipo mu May, phiri inalavula 3 chabe ndime (kuchokera mamita 7000 ku 10000).

Pomaliza, mfundo zosangalatsa

Chivomezi ndi chiphala kuphulika mu Russia adakula m'dera ya m'dziko la Russia kotala 4500. meters. Kodi chinachitika? Mogwirizana ndi zochitika zivomerezi zimene zinachitika Islands Kuril ndi Sakhalin, mu 2007-2009, gawo la dzikolo ndi kuchuluka.

Pambuyo pa chivomezi kum'mwera Sakhalin (Nevelsk) mu August 2007, pansi pa nyanja alamuka, motero kupanga latsopano chidutswa ka dziko (malo atatu sq. Km). Komanso 1.5 sq. makilomita m'gawo Russian anali chifukwa cha kuphulika watsopano Sarychev Peak (Kuril chilumba cha Matua).