BCG (katemera): zotsatira, zosokonezeka, contraindications

TB - woopsa nthenda chifukwa cha Mycobacterium TB, ndi Mycobacterium TB. Disease akufotokozera mofulumira, ali zambiri zotsatira ndi mavuto, kusiya chizindikiro pa thupi moyo. Mwatsoka, mofanana ndi anthu ena ambiri, matenda ndi kosavuta kupewa kuposa kuletsa matenda anauka. Pakali pano, njira yokhayo ya popewa TB ndi BCG-katemera. Zotsatira, zosokonezeka ndi contraindications - Nkhani.

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti katemera BCG

Kodi chidule BCG? Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti dzina Latin kutanthauziridwa monga BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Ikumasuliridwa Russian, amatanthauza "Bacillus Calmette-Guerin." Choncho, si kuchepetsa chidule BCG. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti ichi - kuwerenga mwachindunji achidule ndi Latin, zinalembedwa Chisililiki.

BCG katemera: ndichiyani?

BCG - ndi kuyimitsidwa wa attenuated mitundu mycobacterium Bovine imfa ya virulence anthu. Pali mitundu iwiri:

1. BCG - okhutira wa Mycobacterium TB mu zikuchokera katemera ndi aang'ono kwambiri chifukwa matenda. Komabe, ndalamazo akukwana kuti thupi anakhoza kukhala chitetezo chokwanira ndi matenda oopsa. M'mayiko onse, kaya akhale a Mlengi, zikuchokera katemera chomwecho. Choncho kosathandiza kukonza "mtundu" zopangidwa achilendo pa chikhulupiriro munthu kuti ndi bwino kuposa zoweta.
2. BCG-M - chifukwa milingo yafupika matupi tating'onoting'ono (kawiri zosakwana mu katemera ochiritsira BCG), izo katemera TB msanga, ana wofooka. Komanso ngati mwana pa chifukwa chilichonse, "analekerera" mu chipatala, ndi sanalowe katemera mu nthawi, ndicho BCG-M ntchito mu zipatala.

Choncho ngati mukufuna katemera?

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene katemera sapereka 100% chitsimikizo kuti kenako kachilombo TB si zichitike. Kotero ndiye ndichiyani, inu kufunsa. chakuti BCG amapanga TB chitetezo chokwanira, ankatha kupereka chitetezo champhamvu ndi nthenda yaikulu, komanso zotheka malangizo kulankhula ndi onyamula matenda TB. Ngati thupi akadali ofooka kuposa matenda, katemera chingamulepheretse chitukuko cha makamaka katundu, mitundu geniralizovannyh TB (miliary ndi mwiniwakeyo mawonekedwe). Choncho, popanda atetezedwe zonse ndi matenda katemera angapo atsogolere matenda ngati matenda.

Amene analimbikitsa BCG katemera?

Katemera tikulimbikitsidwa magulu a anthu:

1. Akhanda. Onse ana BCG ayenera kale katemera chaka. Makamaka m'madera ndi kufala mkulu TB.
2. Anthu amene amakhala mu kukhudzana ndi TB kachilombo (zambiri anamwino tubdispantserov etc.).

Pa m'badwo BCG katemera?

BCG pamene iwo anachita chiyani? Katemera chachikulu anaganiza kuchita mwana wathanzi akhanda tsiku 3-7 moyo. Pre dokotala ayenera kufufuza mwanayo, kukachititsa thermometer (kukwezeka ndondomeko kutentha thupi contraindicated), kuganizira mbiri munthu ndi contraindications n'kotheka. Komanso, ana katemera ndi BCG anapangidwa yekha atakambirana ndi katswiri kuchipatala zotsatira yomalizidwa ya MAGAZI ndi mayesero mkodzo.

Katemerayu zimene tikubweretsazi intradermally, pamwamba kunja kwa phewa kumanzere, mlingo sayenera upambana 0,05 mg. Njira ya ndondomeko ikukhudza pang'onopang'ono oyamba - kuti onetsetsani kuti singano akutsikira pa ngodya ankafuna. Ngati mwachita bwino, jekeseni malo aumbike papule ndi awiri a 7-9 mm, mtundu woyera, kawirikawiri kutha pambuyo 15-20 Mphindi pambuyo ndondomeko.

Ana amene, chifukwa wina sanalandire katemera ku chipatala likufa katemera pa mwayi oyambirira. Koma ngati kuyambira kubadwa kwa miyezi iwiri pamaso katemera lamulo mu za Mantoux mayeso. Ndi zabwino wa BCG analetsa khalidwe.

Nkhaniyo mankhwala a dokotala akhanda ayenera lembani katemera, kusonyeza tsiku la katemera, mndandanda katemera ndi chiwerengero kulamulira. Komanso, nkhani umayamba ndi alumali moyo wa mankhwala adalowa, komanso Mlengi.

Zofunika! Katemera Place zoletsedwa kusamalira njira iliyonse. Bandaging amadziwikanso sikuloledwa.

Chifukwa liwiro?

Komanso, madokotala ankakonda kuwafunsa chifukwa mwamsanga kuti BCG. Pamene katemera, makolo ndikudabwa mwana chifukwa akhanda akali amphamvu pa tsiku lachitatu pansi chotero mayeso. Popeza kuti vuto TB ndiye kuti odwala onse kudziwa za vuto, akupitirizabe kukhala moyo wabwinobwino. Onyamula matenda oopsa, ndi ufulu kupita ku malo, kuchititsa anaopsezedwa kwambiri, makamaka kwa mwana. Chiopsezo chokumanako mwana ndi bakiteriya ioneka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake katemera ikuchitika mmene ndingathere oyambirira nthawi ya kumaliseche mwana kale anayamba kupanga asanazolowere Mycobacterium TB.

BCG revaccination

Revaccination adzakhala ana osaposera zaka 7 ndi 14, koma ngati sakufuna kuti mumulalikire kwa Mantoux mayeso. The imeneyi pakati Mantoux ndi chilimbikitso sayenera upambana masabata awiri.

Mwatsoka, zigawo epidemiologically ovutika ana dziko ali ndi kachilombo Mycobacterium kale chilimbikitso woyamba, kachiwiri iwo poyera kuti BCG.

njira zimene zimachitika mu thupi pambuyo BCG?

Mu malo jekeseni yomweyo anayamba kufika macrophages (monocytes kapena - mtundu wa leukocytes), absorbent Mycobacterium TB. The causative wothandizila matenda akamwalira pamodzi ndi macrophages, chifukwa mu mapangidwe caseosa necrotic. Kupita kunja, chifukwa amamuyambitsa timabala pa malo ka katemera.

The anachita BCG

Yankho ndi chitukuko cha papule pa malo jekeseni, zomwe zimakhala mu makanda masabata 4-6 pambuyo katemera. Pa malo inoculation ndi kupanga chilonda, amene kukula kuweruza kugula mu TB chitetezo chokwanira. Choncho, ngati pambuyo BCG chilonda unakhazikitsidwa 2-4 mm, ndiye tinganene kuti thupi la kumezanitsa adzakhala kukana matenda pasanathe zaka 3-5. Ngati kukula kwa 5-7 mm - thupi kutetezedwa kwa zaka 5-7 ndipo pa 8-10 mm - kwa zaka 10.

Childs, katemera bwino zimachitikira, koma nthawi zina pali maonekedwe a zochita:

• BCG akanamachita manyazi. Ngati redness si athandize minofu ozungulira zimawonedwa yekha pa kumezanitsa anachita, ndi ponseponse. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera redness ndi kutupa akhoza kupanga keloid chilonda. Kalipokalipo mu ili singakhale: kotero kuti khungu sagwirizana mankhwala.
• BCG festers. Suppuration ndi abscesses - mchitidwe wachibadwa zigawo katemera, omwe udzachitike posachedwa. Kuchipatala ayenera ngati kuwonjezera zamafinya zinangoti kuzungulira malo a katemera anaonekera redness ndi kutupa: mwina chilonda matenda chinachitika, chimene kwenikweni amafunabe mankhwala.
• BCG kuvutika. Nkhawa ndi kupita kwa dokotala ndalama zokha pa nkhani ya kufala kwa edema ndi kutupa pa khungu la phewa, kupitirira malo a katemera.
• BCG itches. Kuyabwa pa malo jekeseni - wabwinobwino, koma madokotala kulangiza kuika gauze pa chilonda kuletsa mwana kukanda.
• Kutentha pambuyo BCG. Malungo mu akhanda mpaka madigiri 38 ndi linalake, koma ngati muli ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mwana pambuyo revaccination anati nyamuka kutentha, ayenera yomweyo kuchipatala.

Kodi analephera kuwayankha?

Ngati katemera pa malo jekeseni sanali kupangidwa chilonda, zimangosonyeza kuti katemera sanali ogwira, chifukwa asanazolowere matenda oopsa si anapanga. Nkhawa Pankhaniyi sayenera: ena nthawi atalandira anachita zoipa kwa Mantoux mayeso angathe kuchitidwa revaccination popanda kudikira zaka 7 zakubadwa.

Analephera kuwayankha kwa katemera woyamba ndi zachilendo, amapezeka 5-10% ya ana. Komanso, pafupifupi 2% ya anthu pa dziko ndi matupi titadziwa kuti TB. Izi zikutanthauza kuti odwala pa moyo wawo, iwo sangakhoze mfundo.

Contraindications katemera

Contraindications BCG si monga ambiri, kuphatikizapo:

1. atabadwa masekeli osachepera 2500 ga (pa 2-4 digiri ya prematurity).
2. nthawi pachimake matenda kapena exacerbation la matenda aakulu. Katemera mu nkhani iyi ayenera idzachitika pokhapokha mankhwala wathunthu, pamene mawonetseredwe matenda a matenda adzakhala omalizira.
3. Kobadwa nako immunodeficiency.
4. Pamaso pa wakhanda mu banja la zowombetsa mkota BCG matenda.
5. Ali ndi HIV amayi.
6. Khansa.
7. Lymphoma.
8. Suppressive mankhwala mankhwala chitetezo chokwanira.

Contraindications revaccination

Contraindications revaccination ndi:

1. Exacerbation matenda aakulu kapena matenda ena aliwonse pachimake pa nthawi ya katemera BCG. Thupi kutentha (kuchuluka) ndi Mtsutso kwambiri kutengerapo kumezetsanitsa. Childs revaccination ikuchitika mwezi kuchokera kuchira.
2. Malignancies.
3. Immunodeficiency chikhalidwe.
4. TB (kuphatikizapo siteji kuchira).
5. Anachita zabwino kwa Mantoux mayeso.
6. Zovuta pambuyo katemera chachikulu.

Anthu amene ali yochepa osapatsidwa katemera chifukwa cha contraindications, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, ndi kutenga nkhani kuchira zonse ndi inoculation. Anthu pansi revaccination, komanso kuyang'anira ndi azioneka pa ndi kumezanitsa anachita pambuyo 1, 3, 6, miyezi 12 kuchokera ndondomeko.

Izi zikuphatikizapo afufuze kwa kumezanitsa anachita?

cheke ichi ikuchitika pambuyo miyezi 1-3, miyezi sikisi ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi katemera ndi revaccination, kumaphatikizapo:

• Kulembetsa kukula kwa zimene m'deralo.
• Kulembetsa chikhalidwe cha zimene (imawunikidwa ngati pali mapangidwe papules, pustules kapena crusted Betelehemu). Komanso, mtundu kufufuzidwa malo inoculation.

BCG: mavuto ndi zotheka?

Kaya katemera ndi wotetezeka? Ndi ali ndi vuto la BCG-katemera? Zotsatira zake angasonyeze mu mawonekedwe a:

• Osteitis - TB ya fupa. Chitukuko cha matenda zambiri zikadzatha zaka 0.5-2 pambuyo katemera, izo zimayambitsa matenda aakulu kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi.
• Zowombetsa mkota matenda BCG - aumbike pamaso pa matenda mwana titadziwa m'thupi.
• Kutupa lymph mfundo - amafuna yomweyo alowererepo opaleshoni ngati pali kuwonjezeka lakuthwa kukula lymph mfundo (pa 1 masentimita awiri).
• Cold abscess - amafuna opaleshoni. zodabwitsazi ndi zotsatira za subcutaneous (m'malo intradermal) Dongosolo la katemera BCG. Katemera, zotsatira zimene ziri motere, unachitika osaphunzira.
• Keloid chilonda - ndi wofiira, kutupa khungu pa malo inoculation. Mu kukhalapo kwa chilonda revaccination pa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri si ikuchitika.
• Yaikulu chilonda amasonyeza tilinazo mkulu zigawo zikuluzikulu mwana lokonzekera. Kawirikawiri kupatsidwa mankhwala wamba.

Ngakhale ndi katemera ena

katemera BCG lachindunji, ntchito munthawi yomweyo mankhwala ena amene inadmissible. Komanso, sikuloledwa kuchita katemera zina osati pa tsiku lomanga BCG, komanso masabata 4-6, pa zosayembekezereka zimachititsanso kuti mankhwala. Pambuyo jekeseni wa BCG kuti vaccinations ina ndidzadutsa masiku osachepera 35-45.

Isanafike BCG katemera akhale mwana motsutsana a chiwindi B. chokha ndi immunological zina nyengo, mwachitsanzo mpaka m'badwo wa miyezi 3 mwana contraindicated katemera aliyense.

Babycare pambuyo BCG

Childs, zovuta zilizonse pambuyo katemera sadzafika, koma akhale wachita kuti "reinsurance":

• Choyamba, zakudya mwana ayenera kukhala yemweyo. Pambuyo katemera, mwana akhoza kukhala madzi chopondapo, malungo, ndi kusanza. Zotsatira zonsezi bwinobwino, iwo sanena ngozi ku moyo ndi thanzi.
• Antipyretics (ndi proviso kuti palibe mwana akudwala) ayenera kuperekedwa pa usiku kutentha pamwamba madigiri 38,5. Pamene kupweteka febrile kuchiza malungo akhale pa madigiri 37,5.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwambiri osafunika. Redness ndi kutupa ayenera chokani: thupi lathanzi akhoza kusamalira okha.
• Kusamba sikuti mukulakwitsa.

Dokotala mu nkhani sikutheka kuti atsitse kutentha antipyretics (paracetamol), ngati mwanayo wosakhazikika ndipo akhala anakana kudya. Mu kupweteka, imfa ya chikumbumtima ndipo zilonda zamafinya zinangoti pa malo inoculation yomweyo itanani ambulansi.

Chokana wa BCG

Lero, ndi zambiri ana makolo anasonyeza kusakhutira za ena kapena katemera wina chizolowezi, akuganiza zoipa. Mafashoni chizolowezi sanali katemera. BCG-katemera zotsatira za kukana zimenezo ndi wachisoni kwambiri, yotero.

Kuyambira a chifuwachi a mitundu katemera zidzaperekedwa mu njira yomweyo iliyonse. The malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia, chikutsimikizira kuti chabwino, potero kusuntha udindo ana kwa makolo awo.

Kodi Ndikufuna kudziwa pankhaniyi? Lero, mu ankalamulira zambiri zokhudza chilichonse. Munthu aliyense angathe nkhani kudziletsa kuphunzira zokhudza moyo ndi thanzi la iye ndi banja lake, kupanga zosankha kutenga udindo zikhulupiriro zawo.

Ngati mwasankha kuti katemera mwana wawo - palibe amene ati anene chirichonse motsutsa izo. ochepa okha kulemba kukana wake mapu, onetsetsani kuti monga izo sizidzakhala ndi chonena kuti ndodo pambuyo pake.