Berlin mavuto mu 1948 - ndi atasemphana woyamba pakati ogwirizana zakale

Pa June 24, 1948 zakale likulu la Germany akumana ndi anatseka misewu. Zinatha pafupifupi chaka. mzinda analibe chakudya chokwanira, mafuta ndi zinthu onse banja, popanda moyo wa anthu ndi zovuta.

Nkhondo itatha zaka zitatu zapitazo, kufunika wakhala boma bwino ngakhale theka lake chachiwiri, koma kuti apulumuke Berliners, sanali kuposa chachitika pa kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler. Dziko lagawidwa m'zigawo lizilamuliridwa ndi asilikali utakhala akuluakulu a USSR, USA, UK ndi France, pamene aliyense gawo ndi mavuto ake, ndipo ali ndi malamulo awo.

ogwirizana kale pafupi nkhondo. Chifukwa chimene analandiranso dzina "Berlin mavuto" chinali chokhumba mangawawo kwa Mgwirizano Western ndi Soviet Union kuwonjezera dera ake pamudzipo. zolinga sanali kubisala, za iwo ananena mosabisa ndi Truman, Churchill, ndi Stalin. The West adawopa kufala kwa chikominisi ku Ulaya ndi Soviet Union sanafune kuvomereza mfundo yakuti pakati pa gawo la allocated kuti izo pansi pa mgwirizano wa Yalta ndi Potsdam misonkhano, ndi chilumba cha bizinesi.

Berlin mavuto mu 1948 anakhala yoyamba pambuyo nkhondo zipolowe za ulamuliro Stalinist ndi mayiko a zachuma msika, makamaka ndi United States, pafupifupi kunkakhala gawo asilikali. Aliyense wa zipani anafuna kusonyeza mphamvu zawo, ndipo sanafune kuti agonje.

Berlin mavuto anayamba ndi recriminations mwachilungamo chizolowezi. Economic dongosolo thandizo m'mayiko bwanji mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, odziwika ndi dzina la Mlengi wake George Marshall, ndiye Mlembi wa State, anandiuza zingapo zoyezera zachuma, kuphatikizapo kumayambiriro kwa yatsopano pa gawo kulamulidwa ndi Western adani. Choncho "wosasakaza" khalidwe anakwiyitsa Stalin, ndi kuika General William Clayton, ankadziwika kuti maganizo ake odana ndi chikominisi, monga mutu wa ntchito yoyang'anira US, anawonjezera mafuta okha moto. chiwerengero A zochita wamanzere ndi wotsimikizika mbali zonse anatsogolera chakuti aya Za West Berlin ndi kumabungwe onse olamulidwa ndi Western adani anali oletsedwa ndi asilikali a Soviet.

Berlin mavuto anasonyeza zotsutsana maganizo kwakukulu pakati ogwirizana zakale. Komabe, chifukwa icho chinali cholakwika Stalin njira mu ziyenera a mphamvu adani ake angathe. Adakhoza mu nthawi yochepa kukhazikitsa airlift kuti aziwapatsa mzinda anazinga ndi zofunikira zonse, mpaka malasha. Poyamba, ngakhale lamulo la US Air Force kuchitira ankapitabe izi amantha kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa panalibe wina amene amadziwa mpaka adzakhala Stalin mu nkhani ya escalation a nkhondoyo, iye akanakhoza kupereka dongosolo kuponyera pansi magalimoto "Douglas".

Koma izi sizinachitike. Kuwayika pa West German airfields yoponya mabomba B-29 pawiri anakhudzidwa maganizo, ngakhale mabomba sanali pa iwo, koma, kachiwiri, chinali chinsinsi chachikulu.

Berlin yovuta zachitika mu chaka oyendetsa zosakwana, makamaka English ndi British, anapanga sorties mazana awiri zikwi m'dipatimenti makilogalamu miliyoni 4.7 thandizo. Pamaso pa anthu a mzinda anazinga, iwo anakhala otchuka ndi apulumutsi. The chisoni cha dziko lonse sanali kumbali ya Stalin, amene anatsimikizira za kulephera kwa azingidwa, analamula kuti ayambe kuuluka pakati pa May 1949.

Berlin mavuto zinachititsa kuti kugwirizana kwa mabacteria onse amudziko la Western adani ndi chilengedwe, mu dziko lawo la Germany.

West Berlin anakhalabe ndi kumudzi wa bizinesi ndiponso "kuwonetsa" kwa lonse Cold nkhondo. Iwo anapatulidwa kwa kum'mawa kwa mzinda, anamumanga zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Ili mu mtima wa GDR, izo zimayambitsa kwambiri za mavuto, monga mavuto Berlin mu 1961, anamaliza maphunziro kugonjetsedwa njira ya USSR.