Woyamba American wokayenda pamwezi Alan Shepard. Ntchito ya "Mercury-Redstone 3" May 5, 1961

Kwa ambiri umunthu wotchuka mu kufufuza a malo ali, Yuri Gagarin ndi Neil Armstrong. Nthumwi ya Soviet Union woyamba anatera danga nabwera moyo, ndi United States - yatera pa mwezi.

Komabe, Armstrong - osati woyamba American wokayenda pamwezi. Amaonedwa kukhala munthu chosiyana. mbiri yake, ntchito ndi ntchito ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kukonzekera kusankha chombo

Si chinsinsi kuti maufumu awiri anali mpikisano waukulu pa nkhani ya kufufuza malo. Mu US, vuto nawo malo Research Langley (Virginia). Komabe, kuwonjezera angagwiritse ndi kuika mu ntchito spacecraft ndi kunali kofunikira kupanga detachment la chombo.

Kukonzekera anayamba ndi November 1958. Gulu loyamba la chombo US anali kusankhidwa mu magawo angapo. Poyamba tikufuna kusankha zana ndi makumi asanu ofuna pang'onopang'ono imathandiza kuchokera ku gulu lino la anthu chifukwa cha atamuyezanso ndi maganizo, komanso maphunziro naini mwezi. Chifukwa cha kusankha anakhala chombo asanu.

Chochititsa chidwi kusokonezedwa ndi kufufuza ofuna anali kusankha Pulezidenti Dwight Eisenhower, amene ankangoona ofuna bwino pakati pa ndege mayeso. Awa sankhani ndi zitsulo.

kusankha chombo

Ndi chiyambi cha 1959 anayamba kusankha. Motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri zotsatirazi i:

• kutalika - 180 masentimita;
• wangwiro thupi chikhalidwe;
• zaka - zaka makumi anai;
• maphunziro - luso (Bachelor);
• maphunziro apadera - mayeso woyendetsa;
• zouluka zinachitikira - osati maola osachepera mazana khumi ndi asanu.

Malinga akwaniritsa zimenezi, oimira NASA anasankha ofuna 110, amene anasankhidwa gulu kuchuluka kwa anthu 36 kuchita akamuyezenso. Pa kupita kwa kuunika bwinobwino zachipatala ndi maganizo anavomera ofuna 32. Mmodzi wa anthuwo anali deselected, kotero Center Research anafika 31 woyendetsa. Kusankha Komanso zinali zovuta kwambiri. Mu chimaliziro, akatswiri anasankha asanu, koma asanu ndi awiri anthu ndege.

Oyendetsa otchedwa chombo, ndipo maina awo amawalandira analengeza 09.04.1959 chaka. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali woyamba American wokayenda pamwezi.

Woyamba asanu ndi Alan Shepard

chombo onse anali m'banja amuna ndi maphunziro zomangamanga, mu mawonekedwe labwino. mibadwo ranged kuyambira azaka 32 37.

Mndandanda wa oyamba asanu ndi udindo wa asilikali:

• Dzhon Glenn - msilikali.
• Gordon Cooper, Virgil Grissom, Donald Slayton - akazembe.
• Alan Shepard, Walter Schirra - lieutenants pakampanipo.
• Scott Carpenter - msilikali.

Mmodzi mwa iwo anali munthu amene anali kupereka dzina lakuti "woyamba American wokayenda pamwezi." Anthu anayamba kukonzekera ndege yoyamba pa maziko a Center Research ku Virginia, ndiyeno - mu Houston (Texas). Aliyense woimira Gulu la Zisanu ali specialization yake. The protagonist wa nkhani ankaphunzira ntchito ya chipulumutso ndi kutsatira machitidwe.

Education Shepard

Alan anabadwa pa 18.11.1923 mu mzinda wa Derry. Pa zaka 36, anakhala wa chombo asanu osankhidwa ndi NASA chifukwa panali malo ndege. Mu njira zambiri, izi zinathandiza kuti maphunziro walandira.

Tsogolo wokayenda pamwezi Alan Shepard mu nthawi yake maphunziro Academy College of asilikali Farragut, ndi Naval Academy ndi digiri ya Bachelor ya Science, Naval College.

ntchito Flyer

Pambuyo kupeza mlingo yoyamba, Alan Shepard anakhala mkulu mu apanyanja. Panthawi imeneyi, komabe anapitiriza Wachiwiri World nkhondo, kotero anapatsidwa wowonongayo, ndipo anatumiza mu Pacific Ocean.

Mu 1947 iye analimbikitsa kuti woyendetsa ndipo anapatsidwa kwa squadron ya m'chipululu-owononga. Mu 1950 iye analowa woyendetsa mayeso. Atamaliza maphunziro, iye anali nawo mayesero ndege, kuphatikizapo zatsopano pa chitukuko cha dongosolo refueling mu mlengalenga. M'miyezi isanu, cosmonaut tsogolo anali mlangizi wa oyendetsa mayeso.

Asanakhale ndi wasayansi ya zakuthambo Shepard anaulukira maola oposa 8,000, umene 3700 akhala akuchita pa ndege ndege.

ntchito wokayenda pamwezi

Woyamba American wokayenda pamwezi ali pakati ofuna asanu ndi awiri amene amasankhidwa ndi NASA mu 1959. Iwo anali akukonzekera pulogalamu "Mercury". Luso lake ndi makhalidwe kunathandiza iye poyamba kwa akuluakulu a United States kufika malo ndipo popita ku mwezi.

kuwuluka Kwake koyamba anapangamo 1961. The ulendo anali wamfupi koma koyenera kuti United States of America. Sitima kapisozi ankatchedwa "Ufulu 7".

Kenako, chombo wokonzeka ngati understudy G. Cooper pa utumiki "Atlas 9". Mu 1963, iye ankayenera kuti apite ku "Atlas 10". Flight amayenera amathera masiku atatu, koma chinathetsedwa. Pamenepo ife kusankha woyamba woyendetsa wokayenda pamwezi m'ngalawamo "Gemini". Kukhala anayamba kuphunzitsa, iye anakumana ndi kufufuza mankhwala, chifukwa cha zimene iye anali ndi matenda khutu akusokoneza ntchito za zida za vestibular. Chifukwa matenda Meniere iye anali inaimitsidwa kwa pandege kwa zaka zingapo.

Kuti abwerere kukonzekera ndege, Shepard ankayenera kuti akhale opaleshoni M'mimbamo khutu. Zinali bwino, ndi chombo anabwerera ku ntchito yogwira.

Kukhala sorokasemiletnim woyendetsa, wamkulu pa nthawi imeneyo, NASA wokayenda pamwezi Alan moyo wake wachiwiri danga ndege. Anaikidwa mkulu wa "Apollo 14". Iye anapanga chachitatu bwino US ntchito kwa mwezi. Izo zinachitika mu nthawi kuchokera January 31 February 9, 1971.

"Mercury-Redstone" Alan Shepard

Malinga ndi pulogalamu "Mercury" kuthawira Alan Shepard anakhala munthu woyamba bwino Launch wa spacecraft zinakhazikitsa. Iye ayipanga chonyamulira roketi "Redstone-3." Kapisozi akhoza kukwera okwera 186 Km ndipo anagwa mu madzi a United States Atlantic akhala akutayirapo dothi. Malowa kunapezeka kuti pa mtunda wa 486 Km from mfundo choyambirira poyambira.

Mosiyana ndi ndege Yuriya Gagarina, amene anatha zombozi dziko lapansi mu kanjira kake, May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard anafika malo okha Nditakhala pang'ono kuposa maminiti khumi ndi asanu mu ndege. Iye anakhala munthu wachiwiri m'dzikoli amene wafika pamwamba amenewa.

zolinga ndege

Waukulu US cholinga anali kupita patsogolo pa zokambiranazi danga kuti mayiko ena, makamaka Soviet Union. "Mercury" pulogalamu ikukhudza kukhazikitsa cholinga chinachake. Wopambana anali kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo, "Mercury-Redstone 3", imene Shepard anali.

Cholinga cha ndege:

• Kukonzekera zinachitikira zinakhazikitsa spacecraft pa Launch, mothandizidwa ndege, chikhalidwe ndiwachabe, ndipo ndimenya m'mlengalenga ndi ndegeyo.
• Kufufuza mipata woyendetsa mu ulamuliro spacecraft, aya mawu pa ndege.
• Kuphunzira mmene anthu mumlengalenga ndege makamaka zokhudza thupi.
• Kuthekera ankafika ndi wokayenda pamwezi ndipo spacecraft.

Moyo wa ntchito wokayenda pamwezi pambuyo maphunziro

Kumapeto kwa ntchito yake zouluka, Alan Shepard, amene yonena ali m'nkhani, kuchita zinthu chikhalidwe. Mu 1971 iye anakhala ndi nthumwi za Msonkhano General UN. Pa nthawi yomweyo, adalandira digiri mu sayansi ndi zaumunthu.

Kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, pamodzi ndi atolankhani awiri, wokayenda pamwezi wotchuka zafalitsa buku la "Flight kwa Moon." Mafotokozedwe nthawi yomweyo analenga TV zino.

Shepard anafa 21.07.1998 pa zaka makumi asanu. Chifukwa cha imfa yaitali matenda - khansa. masabata asanu Patapita anafa, ndipo mkazi wake Louise. matupi awo unachita kutenthedwa ndi phulusa anamwazikana pa nyanja.

Chidwi mfundo za wokayenda pamwezi ndipo ndege

polojekiti, zomwe panafika Alan, dzina lake "Mercury". Dzinali anasankhidwa polemekeza m'nthano cholengedwa Roma, ndiye mthenga wa milungu ndi woyang'anira wa malonda. Mu Washington, dzina ntchito anatengera 12.10.1958 chaka.

ofuna anasankha malo ndege kutchedwa chombo. Dzina osankhidwa ndi kufanizira ndi Argonauts Agiriki amene tidapita kwa "Golden akubera" ndi aeronaut, mwachitsanzo balloonists.

Pamaso ndege, Alan anaikidwa zakudya kwambiri. Iye anakonza ophika munthu. Mwachitsanzo, kadzutsa inkakhala lalanje madzi, semolina, mazira, kupanikizana sitiroberi ndi khofi ndi shuga. Mndandanda wa mbale zosiyanasiyana. Olemekezeka kukonzekera wina akutumikira wokayenda pamwezi, ndipo tsiku lachiwiri kusungidwa firiji pa nkhani ya mavuto kuwonjezera thirakiti m'mimba.

Tsiku lina pamaso pa ndege ya khofi ku menyu chachotsedwa chifukwa zotsatira zake diuretic ndi zolimbikitsa.

Musanayambe wokayenda pamwezi anati kwa ine ndekha: "Musachite kagwere izo, Shepard." TV awonjezera pang'ono za izo, kutchula mawu a Mulungu. ngati 'Pemphero' analankhula oyendetsa ambiri kuyambira pano.

Woyendetsa ili mu kapisozi galimoto maola 5 ndi mphindi 15, koma ndege maola awiri okha ndi theka. The zifukwa pochedwetsa anali hitches luso nawonekera mitambo, chifukwa amene sanali kukhala zithunzi zabwino za Earth kuchokera mlenga lenga. Sitima inayamba pa maola 9 ndi mphindi 34. Iye anaonerera amaonetsa 45 miliyoni mu United States.

Zoyesayesa oyamba kufika thambo Zakhaladi bwino. Perekani zonse zovuta. Choncho, NASA, kusankha ofuna yabwino kwambiri ya ndege, sankaona zosowa zawo zokhudza thupi. Ndiko spacecraft ndi analephera kuthetsa okha. Chifukwa cha ichi, Shepard amayenera kuchita izo suti pa ndege.