Borisov-Musatov, wojambula. Wambiri. chilengedwe

Borisov-Musatov - dzina wodabwitsa, mtundu wa wojambula Russian, amene ntchito zake yomweyo maonekedwe. Amangonena kuti "woimba Noble Nest". Mmodzi zingawonjezere "woimba Lilac" - kotero iye ndi wokongola pa nsalu zokha ayi wake, ndi zina zambiri izo - Tingaone mu zojambula monga "Self-chithunzi ndi mlongo", "Spring", "May Maluwa".

Silver woimira Age Silver

Zilandiridwenso wa mbuye, zabwino ndi wotchuka woimira Volga luso sukulu, amatanthauza ophiphiritsa, kani, ndi mbali yake yachiwiri. Zojambulajambula Borisov-Musatov ndi mbali ya gulu la ojambula zithunzi wanzeru wa Silver Age. Mizere ya Anna Akhmatova "... Silver ndi mwezi wowala wa Silver Age chisanu ...", amene anamutchanso nthawi imeneyi, ndi loyenereradi kwambiri zojambula za chithunzicho. Kukongola, momveka, bata ndi mtendere ...

Zikamera wa mayina wotchuka

Amene ali - VE Borisov-Musatov? Maina a dzina ndi patronymic wa wojambula umaimira Victor Elpidiforovich. dzina osowa bambo imatenga malo ake mu mbiri Russian asilikali - pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, angapo mfuti zombo anagwira dzina.

April 2, 1870, sitima wantchito Elpidifor Borisovich Musatov anabereka, iye anabadwa mnyamata. Chithunzicho m'tsogolo kwambiri wokonda banja, makamaka agogo ake owala umunthu ndi modabwitsa onyadira ake, kuti dzina lake - Boris - anatenga prefixed dzina generic Musatov. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko likudziwa chithunzicho, dzina - Borisov-Musatov.

Mayina nthawi

Kumene, inu mukhoza kukhala zana ndi samadziwa mfiti lodabwitsa. Koma ngati inu mukuziwona chithunzi chake, ndipo zabwino retrospective (omwe si kwambiri, monga 77 - moyo chithunzicho chinali kakafupi), iwo mpaka kalekale, kusiya mu moyo wa kufufuza yemweyo kuti ena mwa ntchito za Turgenev, nalemekeza dziko la otchuka zigawo. Viktor Borisov-Musatov sanali wolemba m'pamabuku mwapang'ono. Ena ofufuza adamnenera Iye penti mu staging ndi khalidwe. Koma ntchito monga "Ichi Nest", "Asya", zojambula za wojambula - "Pond," "Kudikira alendo," "Panokha" - ndi mafanizo abwino. Akatswiri kuzitcha izo ntchito zojambula, elegies.

Ngozi movutika

Chithunzicho kuyambira ali mwana ankakhala ndi chikondi, amene anamuthandiza anakwiyira ndi kukula zabwino kwambiri ndiponso ochezeka munthu. Iye anali nthawizonse amacheza ndi anthu azimvetsa iye. Ngozi chisoni kuti chachitika kwa iye pa zaka zitatu - iye anagwa pa benchi, ndi chifukwa cha kuvulala msana mu Viti yaing'ono anayamba kukula hump - linangophulika thanzi a mnyamatayu. Kenako Borisov-Musatov, amene yonena ndi waufupi, ine sindikanakhoza chifukwa cha nyengo nkhanza malizitsani St. Petersburg Academy of Art.

Zilakolako oyamba zilandiridwenso

Boy kuyesa kujambula ndi zaka 6, 14 potsiriza wasankha kukhala wojambula, ndipo mu 1886 anayamba kuphunzira kwa situdiyo payekha Peredvizhnik V. V. Konovalova. Wachita kwa zaka 4, imodzi kupita Sunday sukulu N. Ananiev. Titamaliza maphunziro kusukulu mu chaka cha 1898, akupitiriza kuti adziŵe ku situdiyo pa Saratov anthu okonda zojambulajambula.

Mu Saratov, yaikulu pakati wamalonda (amadziwika kuti amalonda anali ogula), anali ndi chopereka chabwino kwambiri cha zojambulajambula. Mlengi wathu wamng'ono kukamuona nthawi zonse ndipo anatenga maphunziro ku akabwera Italy wojambula G. Barakki. Choncho, Borisov-Musatov bwinobwino katswiri njira zojambula maphunziro. Ndi chaka cha 1898 limakhudza imodzi mwa ntchito yake yoyamba anasunga lero, wokongola mosamala ndawalemba ndi chokhala achikondi chithunzi "zenera."

Kuyambira maphunziro aakulu

Popeza 1890, Borisov-Musatov - wophunzira wa Moscow Art School. Koma kuyesa kuphunzira mmene ndingathere luso lalikulu, iye anapita ku St. Petersburg, mu kalasi ya P. P. Chistyakova. Chifukwa matenda Borisov-Musatov anabwerera ku Moscow, kumene mu 1893 ankaphunzira V. D. Polenova. Pofuna ungwiro zina, chithunzicho mu 1895, anapita ku Paris ndipo anayamba sukulu payekha amatchedwa "Atelier Cormon." Gulu la iye anali wotchuka French zojambulajambula Fernand Cormon, anali kupereka mu 1880 pa ntchito yake ndi Legiyo Ulemu, ndipo mu chaka cha 1898 anatsogolera French National School of Wabwino Tirhana. Ndipo sukulu m'maganizo a amisiri Russian anapita Roerich ndi Isaac Batyukov.

Paris nthawi

Mu Paris, Borisov-Musatov kwambiri zojambula za Puvis de A Chavannes, ndi French symbolist, imene msonkhano monga kuphunzira iye sakanakhoza kufika kumeneko. Kumene, pa nthawi yomwe anakhala pakati dzikoli anazindikira luso Russian zojambulajambula sanathe ndikuidziwa ntchito za Impressionists ndi Post-Impressionists. naye pafupi kwambiri kunapezeka kuti kulenga Auguste Renoir, Paulo Gauguin ndi Berthe Morisot. Kodi ndi wokongola chithunzi utoto pa nthawi ino, "Kabichi ndi msondodzi!" Monga resonates ndi ntchito ya Impressionists! Koma kwambiri ndi nyimbo kumakhaladi chithunzi-mapanelo symbolist gulu "Nabis" (dzina limene kumasulira kuchokera ku Chiheberi "mneneri osankhidwa" - kotero modzichepetsa amadzitcha nabid). Amaphatikiza Pol Seryuze (bwana), Per Bonnar, Eduard Vyuyar ndi Moris Deni.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano - maziko a kupenta

Kungolandira ndi zimene zikuchitika masiku ano zonse, zochokera m'miyambo ya luso la ambuye wakale, Victor Borisov-Musatov, amene zojambula ndi chinyezimiro cha interpenetration ichi, zachitika yake kuzindikira kalembedwe kulemba. Ndipo, ndithudi, ngati amisiri onse a dziko, ndi mu Louvre kuphunzira ntchito za amisiri wotchuka. fano lake anali Leonardo da Vinci, zomwe, mwa zinthu zina, monga wina aliyense, anatha kusunga sfumato (mandala mithunzi). Malinga ndi zosiyana, Russian zojambulajambula konse adagawana ndi kubalana wa "Mona Lisa".

Koma ambiri a zithunzi zonse Borisov-Musatov unakopedwa Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano geniuses monga Fra Angelico ndi Sandro Bottichelli. Pa ntchito ya munthu wodziwa amene ali woperekedwa wokwatibwa ndi luso, sanathe koma bwanji ntchito oimira lalikulu Venetian sukulu - Tintoretto, Titian ndi Veronese. Ena zojambula kenako Borisov-Musatov olembedwa pansi kuganiza, kalembedwe Italiya (pa coarse chinsalu zojambula ntchito temperroy).

Homecoming

Mmodzi zojambula loyamba wojambula anabwerera kwawo anayamba penti "Self-chithunzi ndi mlongo wake," umene amayesetsa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti mupereke credo analenga - dziko lenileni fano ngati wokongola Echo makedzana zapitazi. zojambula zake, monga ena olemba, wodzala ndi moyo Chezetsedwa wa amalingalira. Pakuti chilengedwere "amapereka", amene anali ngati chitsanzo onse mlongoyu Elena, chionetsero wa Moscow Association of ojambula Borisov-Musatov anali kupereka mu 1902.

Kuti mokwanira kuimira chithunzi chonse cha maiko ena, nthawi ndi amisiri kuti potengera mapangidwe a credo luso la mmisiri, osanenapo lalikulu FS Rokotoff, komanso zipsera Japanese, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri mu nthawi ya Russian Art Nouveau.

Mapangidwe luso

Pambuyo "Self-chithunzi ndi mlongo" angapo zithunzi, akuti "Yophukira cholinga" ndi "mogwirizana" Akatswiri amanena kuti analephera wolemba - iwo amaoneka ngati zobiriwira zisudzo costumed. Pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma Borisov-Musatov, amene yonena ali, mwatsoka, kale likuyandikira mapeto ake, ndinali makamaka osangalala. Mu Saratov, iye anali sukulu aluso amaganizo amodzi amene amaonetsa ntchito yawo mu 1904 ku chionetsero "Chofiira Rose". Izi zinaphatikizapo Kuznetsov, A. Matveev, M. Matyushin, Utkin ndi Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Panthawi imeneyi anakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndi Andrew White ndi Valeriem Bryusovym. Iwo anadzipereka zojambula mkombero Borisov-Musatov ya ndakatulo. Za ubale wa akatswiri a ndakatulo otchuka wa Silver Age Tingaone m'nkhani posthumous ndi Andrei Bely zoyenera Borisov-Musatov, "Mauve garlands."

The zaka zimene ndinasangalala

Mu 1903, chithunzicho anakwatira soratnitse wake Elene Aleksandrovoy, mkazi wachikondi, amene anakhala bwenzi lake, imasonkhezera, amake anabadwa mu 1904, mwana wamkazi wa Marianne. Zojambula ndi katswiri wa zaka izi. Agula pang'ono, koma chithunzicho anazindikira lonse. Zinthu zikuyendera mwamphamvu komanso mosonyeza ntchito ndi kujambula 6-7 akuonetsera chaka. Banja anasamukira ku Podolsk, koma m'chilimwe nthawi zonse ikuchitika a dzikoli Tarusa. Chithunzicho yekha, polongosola moyo wake ndi ntchito panthawiyo, anati iye amakhala mu dziko la maloto ndi kukhumbira "mwa minda birch, dozed kuchokera akugona yophukira nkhungu."

Zojambulazo wokongola kwambiri

mwapadera ayenera kukhala lona, umene 1901 analemba Borisov-Musatov. "Spring" amakhulupirira kuti chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano ntchito ziboliboli. Ndi kwina kwathunthu Nkhani mzere. Pa imodzi mwa biographers chisanadze chosintha limati pali kwathunthu "akusowa mchitidwe anali wotchuka". Zilandiridwenso Borisov-Musatov ndicho onse ... Iye - ". Phokoso otsiriza wamphamvu lakutali nyimbo, ovutika lero"

Akatswiri chifukwa kupitiriza nyimbo ya kuyerekezera ndi Wagner. Painting "amapereka", "Pond", "Requiem" (yotsirizira laperekedwa kwa imfa yosayembekezereka ya Hope Stanyukevich mkazi mnzanu wapamtima wolemba) ndi wamphamvu wokongola.

Imfa amaika chirichonse mu malo ake

Koma monga mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu, kuzindikira chenicheni chimabwera pambuyo pa imfa. chithunzicho anafa mwadzidzidzi m'chilimwe cha 1905 a dzikoli Tarusa. Iye sanali lakale, koma ambiri ntchito chowawa sanathe koma bwanji thanzi. Borisov-Musatov anaikidwa kuno ku Tarus wake wokondedwa, pa gombe mkulu wa Oka. Mu 1907 amatsegula chionetsero "Blue Rose," womwe unawonjezera dzina la Andrei Bely, ndi maziko amene anali oimira chilengedwe atangochimwa Borisov-Musatov, anamuzindikira ngati mtsogoleri wawo maganizo. Zithunzi zinatuluka ndi zisudzo inachitika m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, mmodzi wa zojambula ndi anagula Andre Zhid - nyenyezi za French chimakono. Ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito yake mukopedwe ntchito ya ojambula zithunzi wotsatira, makamaka avant-garde.