The kupenta "Las Meninas" Picasso: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi ndemanga. Pablo Picasso ndi "Las Meninas. Malinga Velasquez" 1957

Izoparafraz - wotchedwa zithunzi kapena likutipatsa ntchito, anauziridwa ndi zojambula za wojambula wina. The zambiri zili nkhani kuyambira kuposa chidwi njira mbuye kufuna maonekedwe atsopano pa katswiri anazindikira, ndi apamwamba tanthauzo la chotero rethinking.

Series "Las Meninas" wa zojambula ndi Picasso, analenga pambuyo polenga wa Velasquez wamkulu - zotsatira za mgwirizano pakati pa geniuses awiri, anapatukana mu nthawi, koma lonse luntha ofanana luso.

Velazquez chaluso

The kupenta, analengedwa ndi Diego Velaskesom (1599-1660) kwa zaka zinayi asanafe, amafuna kulowa ndi pang'onopang'ono ndi amalingalira yaitali. Lodzala ndi zinsinsi ndi subtexts kuti kulola kutanthauzira kuti akaonekere mbadwo uliwonse watsopano ofufuza ndi okonda zojambulajambula.

Iwo mwachinsinsi kwambiri, kuyambira ndi dzina. Spanish Las Meninas ( «mdzakazi wa ulemu") wasanduka anavomera, ngakhale chithunzi zojambula chachikulu - chaka zisanu mwana wamkazi wa Spanish mfumu Philip IV - Infanta Margarita. Chinsalu kukula 2,76h3,18 mamita amatchedwa kudziona chithunzi cha Velázquez, chifukwa chithunzi cha chithunzicho pamaso pa chinsalu chachikulu, chimene mwatcheru akuyang'ana omvetsera, mochepa kwambiri kuposa kalonga wamkazi wamng'ono ndi gulu la nduna zake.

Apa pali yekha kuuza fano la banja lachifumu, kusankha chinyezimiritso yosokoneza pa galasi. Choncho - kwambiri chiwembu mungachite: bwalo zojambulajambula analemba Infanta pang'ono ndi zina kubwera makolo achifumu, kapena iye akugwira ntchito pa yaikulu perete chithunzi cha Philip IV ndi mkazi wake Marianne, omwe anachereza mwana wamkazi yekha.

otchulidwa

ngwazi zonse "Las Meninas" ali ndi dzina ndiponso nkhani munaupereka kudzera nthawi. Ichi chimapereka zina nkhope zithunzi analengedwa ndi Velázquez. Buthulo ulemu Doña María Sarmiento kuti kowtow amagonjera ndi kumwa chotengera ndi mtsikana lachifumu ndi chovala zolimba ndi bulky sanayende momasuka ndipo iye amakakamizidwa kusunga kaimidwe malinga ndi zodyera kwambiri. Monga yomangika wantchito wina, sisitere wa zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi alonda a Infanta. freaks yekha, Nthabwala zinthu mwachibadwa. Kumiza Maria Barbola monyadira akuonetsa mphotho achifumu ndi zazing'ono Nicolao phazi amakankhira ndi mastiff yaikulu.

Zojambulajambula imakhumbira kalonga wamkazi wamng'ono, analemba mwatsatanetsatane za gulu la nduna zake. Okhawo amene zimatengera tsoka la khoti ndipo lake, iye sanali deign maso ndipo anayesetsa. Royal angapo - mizukwa yosokoneza pa galasi, ndi wamphamvuzonse polimbana pabwalo - aima mu khomo chithunzi, ndi nkhope anangotengeka contre.

Velasquez - wamatsenga woona wa kuwala ndi zikuchokera. Ngakhale m'nthawi chidwi lingaliro la chenicheni chimene chimasiyanitsa "Las Meninas." Chochitika mtanda wa kuwala ndi zachinsinsi mthunzi malo enaake ndiponso kupangitsa nkhani kuti akuuza mfiti. Msangani wenewu Amasonkhezera anthuwo kwa zaka zoposa zitatu, kulenga mayanjano awo. kufunikira kwake makamaka "Las Meninas" Picasso analengedwa pa masitayilo ena luso ndi chikhalidwe.

chitukuko ya cholowa

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) anali ndi zaka 14 pamene woyamba ali pamodzi ndi bambo ake Madrid Prado Museum. Kuyambira pamenepo, Velasquez anakhala pamodzi ndi Goya, El Agiriki, Delacroix, Courbet, Poussin kuti kumasintha kwambiri ulili maganizo a wojambula pa dziko ndi pa pachithunzipa. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa Royal Academy of Wabwino Tirhana ya San Fernando (1897-1898) anali wotanganidwa kukopera zojambula aluso amenewa, kulowa awo "thunthu", kuyesera kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi zinsinsi za mmene matsenga omvera.

Nsalu Velasquez chidwi chodabwitsa maganizo mlengalenga, kuchulukitsa kwa ubale pakati pa zilembo, chithunzicho ndi kum'patsa. Mu Maulendo a m'nthawi, kuchokera nthawi zosiyana, maumboni ambiri a kuzizwa Picasso namatetule ntchito Velazquez, Kuzindikira, zikuchokera wapadera ndi apamwamba luso luso mbuye.

Mu cholowa chake - Zojambula ambiri ndipo zithunzi anauziridwa ndi chithunzi ndi Velazquez. Mu 1957 Picasso Association ku "Las Meninas" chinachitika pa nkhani yaikulu, imene intaneti pansi pa mubwereze mokwanira ndi kusanthula zimene zinathandiza kuti kubadwa kwa mumtima chatsopano ndi zithunzi mosayembekezereka.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Awo "Las Meninas" Picasso analenga pafupifupi chimodzimodzi atatu patapita zaka zambiri Velazquez. Iye akugwira ntchito pa dongosolo kuchokera August kwa December 1957 ku Villa wake kum'mwera kwa France. Pamafunikanso 58 zojambula zamitundu yonse ndi amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana ntchito "Menin" zolinga. Apa pali lalikulu monochrome ndi mtundu kutanthauzira kwa zojambula onse ndi ntchito yaing'ono zosonyeza zilembo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. A mndandanda wa Picasso ndi "Las Meninas" lili mfulu kwathunthu improvisation, popanda allusions mwachindunji, koma anauziridwa ndi zithunzi za Velazquez.

ntchito Izi kawiri kawiri zimachitika pa nthawi mochedwa Picasso. Zikuonekeratu pakalibe ukapolo wa maganizo ndi mtima chikhalidwe luso lomwe zinali chifukwa cha khama kwambiri kulenga ndi enthrall mbuye kwa nthawi yaitali. Zingamvekere ufulu ndi ulemu umene reinterprets Picasso ndi "Las Meninas." kalembedwe wake wa penti zino - chimake cha mzimu wa kuyesera ndi reformism, ndilo zili zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wonse wa mbuye. Pamene ntchito pa mkombero wa wojambula anali ndi zaka 76, anali akwaniritsa bwino ndi kuzindikira pakati pa akatswiri ndi anthu, ngakhale ena kuona m'ntchito zake pa mitu ya ambuye zapitazi akufuna kuthetsa kukayikira kufunika kwake.

Picasso ndi "Las Meninas": kufotokoza

Chithunzi, atakhala pa mndandanda wa Picasso utoto August 17, 1957. Izi chinsalu chachikulu anatembenuka monochrome nayang'ana yosatha. Mu zikuchokera kuti Picasso, mosiyana wapachiyambi, yopingasa kumanzere, mukhoza kuona anthu otchulidwa onse. Apa pamaso pa wolemba, wojambula, Infanta ndi anamuperekeza wake wamng'ono, zikupezeka mu kalilole wa mfumu ndi mfumukazi, ngakhalenso galu. Koma metamorphosis, amene anaika mafano awo ndi malo onse cithunzithunzi, kupanga mfundo watsopano.

Ngakhale fanizo zakanthawi za zithunzi zojambula "Las Meninas" ndi Velazquez ndi Picasso limasonyeza njira zosiyana Kuphunzira ndi kuya siteji monga njira mawu. Mosiyana ndi gwero loyambirira, lomwe kugunda kudalirika kumangoonerera kuwala ndi mthunzi, ndi kutanthauzira latsopano alionse nkhani ndi kuoneka bwino Pachithunzipa ndi Aletsedwa malo shaded yaikulu situdiyo. Koma pamene anathira lateral chiwalitsiro anakhalabe khungu mtsinjewo chitseko kumbuyo kulamulira, mzere kunsi mawonekedwe silhouette bwalo laconic. Sewero la panamveka awa "munthu wakuda" - ali mbali yaing'ono chabe ya mtima amapanga lona.

Kulingalira ndi lotseguka kwa maganizo a wowerenga adzaona mmene Picasso likugwirizana ndi modifies okhutira pachiyambi. "Las Meninas" ndi Picasso kusonyeza zili zatsopano kuzindikira zithunzi. Chithunzi cha chithunzicho umasanduka dongosolo chachikulu, kupanga chinsalu dongosolo pafupifupi mapulani. Hypertrophied mtanda pa chifuwa Velazquez wake, malinga ndi nthano analembedwa ndi mfumu pambuyo pa imfa ya chithunzicho. Chimwana ulemu kutenga stiffness ofanana mokwiya. Atumiki ndi galu ngati zojambula, koma azithunzithunzi alibe khalidwe zosavuta nthabwala koyera.

Kuyerekezera zida zithunzi

Kwambiri osiyana zithunzi azichitira "Las Meninas" ndi Velázquez ndi Picasso. Kuyerekezera njira wowoneka momveka bwino zaka zitatu nthawi kusiyana. Picasso waukulu zithunzi njira - geometrization ndi mawonekedwe zowombetsa mkota. Powonekera ali ngati chithunzithunzi mu shards galasi wosweka. The mphamvu anabadwa mogwirizana kwa mizere ndi ndege, ndipo zithunzi zimathandizadi m'malo ndi zizindikiro ndi masks.

Izi chimayamba kuonekera pamene monochrome zikuchokera m'malo mwa chinsalu Mipikisano wachikuda. Mtundu kumalimbitsa nkhani, amene amapereka khalidwe la Picasso. Mu chimake chimodzi, mtundu wachikasu mu chithunzi cha Infanta akuupereka ndi wapadzadziko chowala, kulimbana ndi chilengedwe aukali. Mu china - nkhope ya mwana kwasanduka lopanda moyo woyera makona, chizindikiro cha imfa ya kukhumudwa anthu pakati pa amoyo ndi miyambo kwambiri. Zojambula ndi Picasso, komanso wapachiyambi, mwangwiro representational anapezazo osiyana, koma kuti zili zamalankhulidwe pa chithunzi limakupatsani kuyerekeza bwinobwino. Velazquez ndi Picasso ndi "Las Meninas" kutanthauziridwa monga zochitika zovuta, wodzala zili pafupifupi zolembalemba.

mwakuya

Virtuosic Kuzindikira wa Velazquez ndi Picasso otchulidwa chinenero pulasitiki cholinga chimodzi - kusonyeza maganizo a dziko, lolingana Masiku ano iwo. Choncho zimakhala zovuta kudziwa umodzi kumvetsetsa kuyerekeza zithunzi. "Las Meninas" ndi Velazquez ndi Picasso a zolengedwa, nthawi zambiri zosiyana. Funso tigonjetse wojambula akuluakulu miyambo ndipo kusiyana kalasi, tsiku m'ma XVII, kusandulika kwa zaka za m'ma XX, vuto udindo wa luso Masiku ano.

Mu ntchito ya Picasso ndi kuthetsa zolinga lonse ndi yeniyeni. Ndi latsopano udindo Ziwerengero wojambula banja powonekera nacho limatiphunzitsa kuwala ubusa. The duality chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi nzeru ena oyenera pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi, Picasso anafotokoza bwino. mdzakazi wake uli zolinga kupsa mtima, polimbana akuoneka oopsa wakuda silhouette, chizindikiro cha kuvutika Mkhristu. Ngakhale galu Ngati munthu limatulutsa azithunzithunzi immediacy mu china chimakhala choopsa nkhandwe ngati chilombo.

Koma iyi ndi mbali chabe ya zinthu nthanthi, amene kusanthula ndi ambuye. The zosiyanasiyana zimene zinatchulidwa, kuti wowerenga kudzisankhira lokha - mwaluso kwambiri, amene ali chithunzithunzi cha "Las Meninas" ndi Velazquez ndi Picasso. Izi ndi chuma ambiri onse ndi zinthu ziwiri geniuses Spanish.

ufulu kucheza

Komabe, kusiyana nawo malowedwe athu kwa yankho la Picasso ndi Velazquez ntchito kulenga lalikulu kwambiri. Tanthauzo pano amakhala m'gulu la mosadziŵa zojambulajambula, kotheratu njira ndi malamulo a m'moyo wa atumwi XVII ndi kufufuza amabweretsera atsogoleri a zithunzi zina zatsopano m'zaka makumi awiri. The kupenta "Las Meninas" ndi Velazquez ndi Picasso bwino kwambiri imasonyeza zimenezi. Kutengera pa zomwe anapeza inde lotsiriza la kutsogolera avant-garde wa XX m'ma izo amalenga dziko zochokera mayi, amadalira kwambiri pa chikumbumtima chake. Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira mu kuzindikira chilichonse kusuntha Picasso ndi wololera mtheradi wa mbali iliyonse ya chinsalu cha. Mokhudzana Velasquez njira imeneyi ndi zoonekeratu kwambiri.

Tigwiritsitse aliyense, waung'ono kwambiri item pachiyambi, Picasso akubwera zotsatira zodabwitsa. Kupanga pa choyambirira woonda mzere umodzi kuseri kwa nyenyezi yaing'ono Nikolasito ndi Atchule udindo osaka zala zake, iye ali chimake chimodzi amalenga fano la zidole tija, akuimba harpsichord.

Ufulu kucheza ndi kuganiza chosefukira ali makamaka kukwapula ngati ife tikufanizira chithunzi. Velazquez ndi Picasso ndi "Las Meninas" ladzala ndi zambiri allusions ndi maumboni, ndi kusankha wake umenewu monga kulikhutchumula kudzoza ziri mwamtheradi osati mwangozi. Ife zojambula awiri kupyola mu mibadwo zimaonekera. Miyambi, limene analembapo mwaluso za m'ma XVII, mu njira yake anathana chinsalu lalikulu avant-garde. Pa nthawi yomweyo mavuto ambiri kunali ndi Picasso kutsogolo kwa omvetsera, ndi zosasinthika.

"Las Meninas", Velázquez ndi Picasso: Kuyerekezera

ndi kusiyana waukulu pakati katswiri ziwiri ziti?

• zojambula awa a Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana luso. Velasquez - Baroque mbuye, Picasso - mtsogoleri wa avant-garde luso
• The chithunzi chenicheni ndi kukwapula Kuzindikira, Picasso otchulidwa makonzedwe.
• Main Picasso analenga mndandanda wa monochrome, Velazquez ntchito wolemera mtundu phale.

Iwo chinthu chimodzi:

• Mkota chikhalidwe chifanizo cha Picasso, monga wapachiyambi, ali ndi nkhani yeniyeni ndi nkhani za ubale mwawo.
• The zosiyanasiyana zimene zinatchulidwa, zambiri za zomwe - udindo wa wojambula ndi luso mu dziko ndi dziko.