Chakudya Beet. Mbewu, kulima

Chakudya Beet - zothandiza kwambiri masamba, ntchito chakudya nyama. The lofunika kwambiri ndi ng'ombe za mkaka, monga njira yodabwitsa cha kuchuluka kupanga mkaka ng'ombe ndi mbuzi.

Mu nyengo yozizira, pamene nyama zakudya Amakhala makamaka chakudya zam'chitini ndi youma, Beet mizu ndi wokonzeka kukudzadza kufunika kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini. M'chaka, kuwonjezera mbewu muzu ntchito chakudya ndi amadyera.

Chakudya Beet - zothandiza kwambiri masamba, womwenso zedi wa pectin ndi mchere, mavitamini ndi zimam'patsa. Ichi ndi chomera biennial chipatso cha zimene akhoza kufika makilogalamu 15.

A pang'ono mbiri

Chakudya Beet, pamodzi ndi zapansi ndi shuga, ndi wotsikayo kuchokera Beet zakutchire kukula mu North Asia ndi Far East. Poyamba, chikhalidwe si ogaŵikana subspecies, choncho kunalibe dzina imodzi yokha - Beets. Nkhani ya mitundu forage monga osadalira pa ulimi akulimba m'ma 16 ku Germany.

wamba German pa nthawi imeneyo anazindikira kuti pamene ng'ombe kudyetsa Beets, ndiye kumawonjezera kwambiri zokolola mkaka, mkaka wokha amakhala tastier kwambiri. Ndi imeneyi nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a mbewu monga Beet chakudya. Posakhalitsa, kuphunzira zodabwitsazi kuchita akatswiri. Ndipo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 18, Beet chakudya chidwi mayiko onse European.

Zosiyanasiyana Beet chakudya

Beet mizu kukula osiyanasiyana mtundu, maonekedwe ndi digiri ya kumiza mu nthaka. Malinga magawo awa chakudya Beet ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu makalasi zotsatirazi:

1. The conical mawonekedwe a masamba, imene ili pansi pa nthaka 80% muzu kutalika (Beet Umanskaya polusaharnaya Poltava polusaharnaya);
2. Elongate-chowulungika mawonekedwe masamba, pamene nthaka 50-70% ya m'litali (wopambana);
3. Masamba cylindrical mawonekedwe pamene mobisa ranges ku 25 40% ya kutalika (Ekkendorskaya chikasu Beets, Poltava woyera);
4. The anamaliza mawonekedwe a masamba, imene ambiri a mizu ndi padziko.

Wamphamvu ndi bwino olemera okwera gawo la mizu, ndi mosavuta masamba kulekerera chilala. The mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Beet chakudya: Ekkendorfskaya chikasu Tsentaur pole, Oberndorfskaya wofiira.

Features wa kasinthasintha

Mu chakudya kasinthasintha mbewu akalambula bwino chakudya Beet ndi udzu legume osakaniza silage chimanga, mavwende. M'munda kasinthasintha mbewu yovomereza chodzala Beets kumalo kumene poyamba munali pachaka nyemba udzu, mbewu mzere ndi dzinthu yozizira.

Monga mmene kumapeto, mbewu yabwino Beet chakudya zimapezeka pamene m'malo mwa chikhalidwe mu chaka chatha inali rye, tirigu, nandolo, chimanga ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Beet chakudya sayenera kuyikidwa pambuyo zitsamba zosiyanasiyana osatha. Bwererani munda chikhalidwe pa kale analola palibe kale kuposa zaka 3.

kupeza mbewu

Beetroot ndi mmodzi wa iwo zomera zimene mbewu akhoza zopezera palibe kale kuposa zaka 2 wa kulima. M'chaka choyamba ndipamene nsonga ndi mizu, ndipo chaka chotsatira pamene chodzala masamba akhoza zopezera oyenera kulima mbewu za Beet chakudya.

Nkofunika kuti mizu, amene adzapita ku mbewu, anali ndinapirira ndi wathanzi. Pamene Beet tsinde akuyamba adzauma, masamba anakumba ndiye zizikhala youma malo kutetezedwa. Izi zikachitika, Beets asungike kufikira nthawi mpaka phesi la mbewu mouma. Pambuyo pake, mbewu ayenera kuwabera ndipo potsiriza zouma mu kathumba ka pepala.

kukonzekera nthaka

Kulima Beet chakudya - ndondomeko ndi zovuta kwambiri, zomwe kudziŵa zina ndi luso. Choncho, n'kofunika kudziwa kuti kulima masamba izi mu mchenga, chinyontho ndi dongo dothi Sindizakubweretsanso zotsatira zabwino. Pakuti kukula kwa mbewu muzu komanso zosafunika miyala nthaka.

Yabwino kuti zokoma za Beet chakudya amaona kuti dziko ndi ofooka acidic, ndale ndi nthaka, ofooka. Choncho, masamba awa anabzala m'madera mtsinje ndi olemera wakuda lapansi.

Chomera chikufuna kwambiri chonde a dziko lapansi, choncho simungakhoze kuchita popanda kusintha kwa nthaka. Only ndi likhale yake chokonza dziko angayembekezere ndi mphukira wochezeka. Choncho, chakudya Beet, kulima umene uli bwino kuti alimi ambiri, pa siteji koyamba kubzala ayenera kukonzekera pansi.

Muyenera kuchotsa dziko weedy ndi kumasula kwa chisanadze processing. Atamusolola annuals dicotyledonous (Kinoya, nkhuku mawere, amaranth) ndi namsongole monga chimanga Chingakuthandizeni lichotse njira Kupalira. Kumasulidwa gawo la perennials monga bedi udzu kapena nthula, kudzera kugwa processing herbicides mosalekeza kanthu (Roundup, borax, mphepo yamkuntho).

feteleza

Pansi kukumba yophukira kukhala pa malo kucha kompositi kapena organic feteleza pa mlingo wa matani 35 pa 1 ha. Kwambiri fetereza amachita ngati phulusa, lomwe linaperekedwa kuchuluka kwa quintals 5 pa mahekitala 1.

Pamaso kubzala, kulima malo zofunika ndi kumayambiriro NPK. Komanso, chikhalidwe ayenera phosphate ndi feteleza potashi. Pambuyo zonse zikugwira nthaka ayenera lotayirira, chabwino chimauma ndi pang'ono lonyowa.

Kubzala chakudya Beet

Nthawi zomera Beet chakudya zimasiyanasiyana masiku 125 mpaka 150, kotero kuyamba chodzala m'chaka cha chikhalidwe, ndi masiku otsiriza a March mpaka m'ma April. Ndi bwino kudzala masamba izi pamene nthaka pa akuya masentimita 12 wakhala kutenthetsa digiri 5-7.

Madzulo a kubzala mbewu ayenera kulandira chithandizo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kusungidwa kwa ola mu njira zimalimbikitsa ya manganese. Pofuna kukwaniritsa osalimba kwambiri mulingo woyenera kwambiri mbande kudzakuthandizani popititsa mankhwala a ogalamutsa kukula. Nkofunika tisaiwale kuti mbewu pambuyo mankhwala yonyowa tikusowa youma pang'ono.

Pa malo okonzeka chofunika kuti grooves ndi mipata pakati pa mizere ya 60 cm. Kufesa chikhalidwe ayenera akuya masentimita 3 pa mita ndi pafupifupi angagwe mbewu 14-15 (pa nthaka yokhotakhota adzafunika pafupifupi 150 ga mbewu).

The mabedi ayenera kuwaza pansi ndipo dikirani kuti mmera choyamba. Ngati nthaka youma, si superfluous kuti wodzigudubuza ake losindikizidwa yosalala. Izi ndi zofunika kuletsa madzi kuchokera zigawo kwambiri mum'chotse mpaka pafupi pamwamba. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri 8 mphukira pakati kuonekera patatha masiku 12 ngati kutentha ndi madigiri apamwamba kuposa 15 - kale patapita masiku 4.

chisamaliro Features

Chakudya Beet kulima ndi - luso, m'mwezi woyamba pambuyo zikamera kusiyana pang'onopang'ono ndithu. Chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyi lili ndi kupatulira ndondomeko, zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo regrowth wa masamba angapo oona. Choncho, pa mita ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe zosaposa 5 ya majeremusi, mtunda wa pakati lomwe - osachepera 25 cm.

Imodzi ndi madzi tikulimbikitsidwa nitrate chakudya zikumera ammonium, kuzika lokha pa kufanana zotsatirazi: 12 ga pa 1 mita. Patapita masabata 2, ayenera kugwira wina fetereza fetereza mchere.

Beetroot chakudya chokwanira chinyezi-wachikondi, kotero glaze ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa mtengo wa mizu akutulukira, ndipo chotero, lonse index zokolola. Koma nthawi yomweyo kwa mwezi pamaso pa tsiku ankayembekezera inayake kukolola madzimadzi amene tikufunika kwambiri yafupika, chifukwa chakuti masamba akuyamba wambirimbiri zolimba.

Komanso, mbewu muzu zambiri amadwala namsongole, ndipo chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa amphamvu zambiri simukhala kwa 30 80% ya mbewu. Ndipo chifukwa zonse Kupalira pakati pa mizere - chinsinsi kulima bwino Beet chakudya.

kukolola

Mu chilimwe - oyambirira m'dzinja chakudya Beet ikutha kupanga masamba atsopano, pamene akulu pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kutembenukira chikasu, ndipo keneka anafa. Muzu kukula mbewu nawonso anaima, ndipo nthawi imeneyi kulowa chinyezi kwambiri amatha okha kumawonjezera masamba kukoma khalidwe. Chakudya Beet, zithunzi amene ali amakonda kupanga alimi, motero yolanda zotsatira za ntchito yawo, amachotsedwa mosavuta oyambirira October, pamaso chisanu choyamba. Kukolola zipatso angapo kukumba fosholo kapena foloko. Pakuti Pomalizira zolinga yosungirako chakudya Beet mwayeretsa kutsatira lapansi ndi nsonga ndi kusungidwa mu maenje yomanga kapena kosungira pa kutentha madigiri 3 mpaka 5. Kudziwa osati kuti, izo zikuwoneka ngati Beet chakudya, komanso kukula bwino kukolola masamba izi, mlimi angachite nkhokwe chidwi chakudya cha yozizira. Komanso, mu nyengo yozizira wapatali ndi zothandiza chikhalidwe adzapulumutsa zosangalatsa nyama.