Chiameniya obisika Surb Khach: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Luso la Armenia zomangamanga mpingo, umene agulupa ya Surb Khach (Old Crimea), kusiyana ndi zikuchokera wapadera ndi kalembedwe wapadera. Nyumba ya nthawi zakale si zambiri zamtengo wapatali ndiponso zosangalatsa adzakhala ulendo ansembe a. Kunayamba m'ma 14, ndipo izo zimanyezimiritsa mbali yowala ya chikhalidwe zomangamanga Chiameniya.

yomanga History

M'zaka za m'ma 12-13 mwamphamvu boma wakale Armenia ndi ikuchepa chifukwa cha kuukira zonse alendo, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti ambiri ndi kusamuka ndi kufalitsa chikhalidwe Chiameniya m'madera ena. A gulu lalikulu la Armenia anasamukira ku Crimea, kumene nthawi kuti malamulo a Republic of Genoa, yemwe ali mmodzi wa utumwi wake ankaona kufala kwa Chikatolika. Chiameniya Mkhristu amene anathawira ku chizindikiro chete amabwerera Crimea kukana, choncho pali kuwonjezeka kwambiri m'malo latsopano chikale. Agulupa ya Surb Khach mu Crimea anakhazikitsidwa mu 1358. Iye anali chitetezo ndi malo chauzimu Armenia amene anachoka kwawo. Adakhala ndi chipilala yaikulu ya chikhalidwe Chiameniya mu Crimea. M'zaka za m'ma 15, pamene ankhondowo Turkey anawononga mayiko a pachilumbachi, agulupa lidakalipobe, chifukwa ngakhale adani sanaukitsidwa dzanja kuwononga malo a mphamvu. Patapita zaka 17-18, agulupa anamangidwanso ndipo ikukula kangapo. Pang'onopang'ono, Cross Woyera unakhala malo aakulu a Haji kwa Black Sea gombe. Mu 1778, pali kusamuka lalikulu la Armenia kuchokera m'mayiko Crimea pa wotsika Don pa behest wa Mfumukazi Catherine II. Ndipo ubale wa agulupa Adzasonkhanitsidwe katundu wawo ndipo anachititsanso anthu ake ku Don, kumene adali chimayamba ndi dzina lomweli. Kumapeto kwa 18 m'ma Crimea obisika tikupitiriza ntchito yake, ndipo ngakhale kuti sanali m'dera, koma anapitiriza tanthauzo lake wauzimu ndi othandiza Armenia amene anakhalabe mu Crimea. Patsogolo ulimi wa Surb Khach anali 4 zikwi maekala wa dziko. Koma pambuyo ulimi mu 1925, obisika monga kakhazikitsidwe kachipembedzo, yathetsedwa. Mu Soviet Union, izo linaikidwa mabungwe osiyanasiyana: kuchokera msasa m'chilimwe chipatala cha chifuwa chachikulu. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World Anazi amene anaononga chirichonse mu njira yake, sanayese n'komwe kuti awononge namolennoe malo. Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche ya Cross Woyera unayamba kubwezeretsa, mu 1994 utumiki tikupitiriza. Masiku ano, ena obisika ndi lotseguka kwa maulendo ndi mapemphero kupitiriza kutumikira pano, koma abale kumene kumakhala Amonke moyo kunoko.

Mapulani zovuta

Chiameniya obisika Surb Khach lero imakhala nyumba zingapo: tchalitchi, refectory, nyumba fraternity moyo ndi munda ndi akasupe. obisika zovuta ili mu malo okongola kwambiri - Crimea nkhalango pa otsetsereka phiri Grytsya. Mpesa khoma ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa ndi mphamvu. Ndi chete kwambiri, nyumbayi si ozunguza kukongola, ndicho ukulu ndi mphamvu yauzimu. Pa makoma za zovuta, mukhoza kuona zambiri kusema, kupenta, zodzikongoletsera zabwino. Mogwirizana ndi lightness nkhanza mwala makoma kupereka chosema staircase ndi mpweya ndime. Masiku ano, ena obisika ndi bwinja, ndipo okha anawonjezera chithumwa kwa nyumba. Makoma, yokutidwa ndi Moss, chilimbikitso twined mphesa zam'tchire, phiri akasupe - zonsezi amapereka njira chete. Zovuta chidwi mogwirizana ake ndi mzimu wa masiku amakedzana.

Mpingo wa Woyera Chizindikiro

Crimea agulupa ya Mtanda Woyera anamanga kuzungulira Surb Nshan Mpingo wa St. Zizindikiro. Nthano Local imakamba kuti anthu anaona thambo pamwamba pamalo otsetsereka a phiri Woyera Cross, iye anatchula kumene kasupe chamgwiro yagoletsa. Polemekeza zizindikiro ndi mpingo woyamba inamangidwa nkhuni, kenako mwala mpingo adanyamuka malo ake. Ndakatulo lolembedwa chosema pa mwala kuzungulira mzikiti "ng'oma", amanena kuti kachisi anamangidwa mu 1358. Mamangidwe a tchalitchi ndi kupitiriza kwa akale miyambo Chiameniya, ndi kuzindikira ndi chihema pyramidal mwala, anakhala pa mkulu faceted "ng'oma". kachisi anamanga miyala ikuluikulu imvi, denga ali ndi matailosi wofiira. Achidule ndi wamphamvu nyumba ndi mbali yofunika ya mpanda wamiyala amene anatumikirapo ntchito kumbuyo. Pa makoma a tchalitchi anasunga murals akale. Iwo akhoza kuona chithunzichi mwa Namwali Mariya ndi Yesu ali wakhanda mu mikono yake, ndi oyera mozungulira. Komanso pa chimodzi cha zidutswa anasunga malaya a manja a Chiameniya Church - mwanawankhosa ndi mtanda.

Pakuti nyumba yaikulu pafupi amakona anayi narthex (gavit), amene kale anali makomo awiri. Makoma a khonde, zopaka mawonekedwe Mitanda. Mutu wa chizindikiro ichi Mkhristu kunachokera kulikonse. Ndipotu obisika ndi phiri lomwe wayima, dzina lake polemekeza Mtanda Woyera. Pamwamba pa khonde belu nsanja, imbaenda ku gavit mwala masitepe, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli. Khonde ndi tsiku belu nsanja kuchokera m'ma 15.

refectory

Pa nthawiyi kumbali ina ya bwalo, pandunji pa mpingo wa St. Zizindikiro, ndi obisika refectory. Kamodzi Surb Khach obisika kwawo kwa mazana a anthu, choncho iye anafunika chipinda chachikulu kudyetsa Chimonko ndi aulendo. Tsopano refectory nyumba ziwiri storey ndi chapansi lalikulu. Koma yosanja inamangidwa pa yekha m'zaka za m'ma 19, ndi kuyikidwa zipinda amwendamnjira ndi aulendo. refectory danga lokha tichipeza maholo awiri. North chipinda ali okonzeka ndi moto lalikulu ndi Chipilala ndi, apa anaika uvuni. Kum'mwera pali masitepe kuti chapansi, komanso khomo mphanga ya. Pafupi ndi chipinda chodyera mukuona chitsime, khoma wakumpoto wa nyumbayi chikugwirizana ndi mwala mpanda wa agulupa lapansi.

nyumba zogona

Mu masiku akale a Cross Woyera ansembe yotchedwa anali malo otchuka kwambiri, ndipo kuti akomere amwendamnjira ndi agulupa maofesi wapadera atha. Kukhoma kum'mwera kwa nyumba pafupi ndi maselo amonke. The alumikizana inamangidwa cha m'ma 17 mochedwa ndipo tichipeza mbewu ziwiri. Pansi pali 8 zipinda zolinga zosiyana. Maselo yosanja ndi mwayi wokhala nawo khonde lotseguka. Mkati ndi wowuma mtima ndithu fraternal thupi, mphamvu ya chipinda kulenga mndandanda wa kudenga arched. Kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka fraternal nyumba moyandikana nyumba ina-nkhani ya hotelo obisika. Koma unawonongedwa za m'ma 20, ndi mu 80s kubwezeretsedwa populumuka zojambula.

obisika munda

Mu m'bandakucha obisika Surb Khach minda wotchuka ndi akasupe ambiri. Masiku ano, ulemerero wake wakale zochepa kwambiri. Apa mutha kuona zotsalira za njira zakale, pafupifupi wosaoneka mawonekedwe a landings ndi akasupe awiri a mwala. Akasupe - amakona anayi kapangidwe ndi mwala wapakamwa, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli. Kuti maofesi madzi obisika ankagwira madzi ceramic, amene anali kudyetsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera ku gwero. Kuchokera refectory ku akasupe kamodzi anatsogolera 5-makwerero, tsopano ndi makombo a makwerero masitepe anayi a mwala.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Agulupa wakale wa Woyera Cross mu Old Crimea ndi wapadera ndi lodziwika bwino malo. Panali akale mwala mtanda - khachkars (mtanda miyala). Iye ndi chidina waukulu obisika, koma abale yosamutsa anachotsa molimba zopatulika ndi obisika watsopano pa Don. Choncho, mu Crimea, zithunzi zambiri masiku ano.

Kuyambira obisika, mukhoza kupeza malo ndi wokamba wotchedwa Backwoods, pamene pali mabwinja obisika wina wakale - Surb Stephanos m'ma 14.

Near agulupa ya Surb Khach umayenda phiri mtsinje, kumene malinga ndi nthano, ali zozizwitsa. The madzi mu kasupe ndi loonekeratu ndipo abwino akumwa.

Kayendedwe

Kodi kupeza Woyera Cross ansembe yotchedwa? Adiresi obisika makonzedwe: Stary Krym, Kirovsky chigawo. Muyenera kupita ku tauni ya Stary Krym pa msewu wafumbi mu kum'mwera kumadzulo malangizo. Ngakhale kuti agulupa ya Woyera Cross, amene ojambula sichingapezeke, ndi mbiri yakale ndi mapulani chipilala, ndi zakale, palibe foni ndi Intaneti. Choncho, chiyembekezo okha panyanja ndi anthu abwino amene nthawi zonse njira.