Chidebe-gudumu excavator: mwachidule za kapangidwe ndi cholinga

Excavator - mtundu ambiri makina kudziletsa injini earthmoving, lakonzedwa kwa autopsy, migodi, yomanga, kukula kwa nthaka, kukumba maenje. Makina angathe kugwira ntchito ndi miyala, dothi lofewa, mchere, gangue.

Anakumba zinthu zakale ndi makina ndi zipangizo anaikira kudula munthawi yomweyo ndipo akukumba. Kusiyanitsa, osakwatiwa ndi Mipikisano ndowa anakumba zinthu zakale. Fosholo - ichi makina cyclical kanthu. Nthaŵi kubwereza gulu lomwelo. Chidebe kubala kanthu koposa, iwo akhoza mphero, kuchipala ndi mwachindunji chidebe.

Anakumba zinthu zakale ndi ndowa imodzi zimagawidwa monga anafunira. Yomanga ndi zosunthika - ambiri, ntchito ambiri yomanga. Mafosholo ndi zofunika chitukuko cha khala ndi miyala. Mothandizidwa ndi kukolola ntchito ndi zigawo chapamwamba nthaka.

Chidebe-gudumu anakumba zinthu zakale ndi Mipikisano ndowa njira. Kodi zosiyana? N'chifukwa chiyani mitundu ina ya ntchito bwino kusankha mtundu uwu wa sayansi?

Chidebe-gudumu excavator ntchito pa ntchito anamuvula, nthaka m'zigawo. Komanso onse yoyamba ndi yachiwiri nchito angachichite kapena chapamwamba kapena kuchepera kukumba. Lapansi chikusuntha makina mitundu amenewa ntchito zoyendera za miyala ndi mchere, kukumba ngalande trenching, thanthwe potsegula kapena kuchotsa mu zonyasa.

A excavator makina ali zedi apamwamba, chotero, chitukuko cha pansi kumakhala kosavuta mtengo, koma waphindu. Number osypok ku ladle mu zitsanzo ngati ali kuli dambo chidebe bwino, komanso kumawonjezera zokolola ndipo kumachepetsa ndalama mphamvu.

Chidebe gudumu excavator kungakhale njanji-kuyenda kapena crawler. Pakuti nazo kapena autopsy thanthwe lotayako maofesi, potsegula ndi ntchito zina ndi okonzeka ndi muvi (retractable kapena osakhala likutuluka).

Ganizo kulenga chidebe gudumu excavator anabwera kuchokera nthawi akale: ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa pa makina, muona kufanana olimba gudumu wakale umene makolo athu anaukitsa madzi. Author zimapangitsa gudumu, chiwembu chimene chinali chiyambi cha zithunzi za makina kudziletsa injini, anali Leonardo da Vinci.

A excavator makina ntchito ndi zidebe dothi kapena mwala, amene wokwera pa gudumu (ozungulira). The ozungulira, nayenso, imazungulira mu malangizo amene ali yabwino kwambiri kukhudzana ndi kupha. Kukumba pamwamba - umenewu chikugwirizana ndi malangizo a kutsogolo kwa m'munsi - zosiyana.

Pa ntchito, thupi wamkulu wa chidebe gudumu excavator angachititse horizontally ndi vertically.

Machinery ndi kusinthidwa kwa lateral kapena zozungulira kukumba, ndi kusiyana ndi njira kupereka pa kuphedwa, ntchito, kukula kaja amasintha kayendedwe mtundu (zida spindle).

Komanso, rotors zosiyana ndi njira yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pamene katundu zidebe. Kutsitsa imodzi imene yokoka, amene amachita pa thanthwe pamene chidebe umadutsa mpaka pamwamba m'dera kumaliseche. Mu makina inertial ndowa akatulutsidwa ndi mphamvu centrifugal, amene amaponyera mwala ku chidebe cha. Kuti kumaliseche inertial anali nthawi zonse, m'pofunika kupereka ozungulira liwiro kuti mphamvu centrifugal wakhala kuposa mphamvu yokoka.

Kukweza kapena kutsitsa akugunda (moldboard ndi ozungulira) wapangidwa kudutsa m'miyala pulley ntchito counterweights wokwera pa Boom lapansi. dongosolo pulley, mlongoti, amene anathandiza pa Boom, ndi makina nsanja pamodzi amapanga superstructure wa excavator lapansi.

Topside ntchito slewing chipangizo mwamphamvu Ufumuyo galimotoyo, rotatable 360 °. Kutaya conveyor okonzeka ndi makina galimoto yake. Ichi chizathandiza dzanja actuator kusiya nguli kotenga ndi 270 °, pokhalabe udindo anakonzeratu mu mlengalenga, kaya ndi ozungulira ndi muvi.