Chidule cha nkhaniyi: "Njira ya ku Kalvare", A. N. Tolstoy. Mutu wa ntchito, ndi atchulidwa

"Njira ya ku Kalvare" - trilogy wa anthu otchuka Russian ndi Soviet wolemba Alekseya Tolstogo. Iwo wotchedwa chifukwa tichipeza mabuku atatu: "Alongo" (1921-1922 gg.), "Chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu" (1927-1928 gg.) Ndipo "wachisoni Morning" (1940-1941 gg.). Ankasonyeza tsogolo la anzeru Russian, amene anakumana ndi mayesero ovuta kwambiri pa 1917. Tolstoy "Njira ya ku Kalvare" analemba zaka makumi awiri, ndipo nthawi imeneyi iye anali wokhoza muganizirenso ndi kupendanso maganizo ndi moyo wawo. Mu funso ili, o, momwe zinalili zovuta kukayikira munthu kapena zina zonse adzazunzidwa moyo wake.

"Njira ya ku Kalvare": bukhu la moyo ndi rethinking

Pamene Russian Ufumu anakomoka, amene wolemba anakonda kwambiri, iye anasamuka kunja, ndiye kachiwiri. Tolstoy sanali kukhulupirira kuti boma latsopano adzatha kusintha moyo m'dziko kuti akhale abwino. "Njira ya ku Kalvare" - buku limene akamachita zonse kuwaza ndi kukayikira zimene iye anamva kwa zaka zambiri, koma mapeto anazindikira kuti adakali anthu Russian anasankha bwino, akuthandiza kamodzi kotero iye anamuda Bolsheviks.

buku lakuti "The Road ku Gologota," wolemba anabweretsa ndi Stalin Prize mu 1943. Kukula kwa izo ndiye 100 zikwi rubles. Zinali ndalama yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe Tolstoy ndilipo, nthawi yomweyo anatumiza kwa Fund silikhali, ndipo iwo thanki "KWAMBIRI" inamangidwa.

Chidule cha nkhaniyi: "Njira ya ku Kalvare"

Buku woyamba amatchedwa "Alongo", ndipo limafotokoza mmene, monga mtsikana komanso osapita m'mbali Bulavina Darya Dmitrievna kumayambiriro kwa 1914 akadzafika mu St. Petersburg ku Samara kuphunzira kukhala maphunziro a zamalamulo. Mu mzinda uwu miyoyo ndi mlongo wake Catherine D. ndi mwamuna wake - wotchuka wachilamulo Smokovnikovym Nikolai Ivanovich. banja lawo ndi moyo bohemia, choncho m'nyumba mwawo nthawi zambiri amakhala alendo, imene imachitika nkhani zapamwamba za luso la kufa ndi ulimi demokalase. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali wolemba ndakatulo Bessonov Aleksey Alekseevich. Mu ndakatulo yake analemba kuti Russia - zovunda, ndi amene analemba ndakatulo, adzatenthedwa m'Gehena. Ambiri, mu wamisala wankhanza imagwera zilizonse ndi wangwiro Darya Dmitrievna. Ake ndi sanadziwe kuti mlongo wake wokondedwa Katya zasintha naye mwamuna wake wokoma ndi wabwino, chikhalidwe.

woukira boma

Buku "Njira ya ku Kalvare" anapitiriza kuti Nikolai Ivanovich anayamba amanena za kuperekedwa kwa mkazi wake, ndipo anauza izi Dasha, koma Katya mofulumira kwambiri anazindikira kuti uli wathunthu zamkhutu. Koma Dasha akadali kukumba chowonadi mwa Bessonova kenako ndi vehemence ake mwachizolowezi ndi kulunjika zimapangitsa Katya kuvomereza zonse kwa mwamuna wake ndi kumupempha kuti atikhululukire. Chifukwa, banjali akusiya, Nikolai - mu Crimea, Kate - France.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa Vasilyevsky Island Ivan Ilyich Telegin - yabwino ndi mtundu wa akatswiri okonza - kutaya mbali ya nyumba yake ndi anthu zachilendo wina amene nthawi zambiri kugwira kunyumba "futuristic" phwando. Ndipo mmodzi wa madzulo awa, zikomo mnzake, akubwera Dasha. Chirichonse chimene chikuchitika, sankadziwa, koma iye ankakonda achinyamata injiniya Telegin.

ndimakukondani

"Njira ya ku Kalvare," wolemba akupitiriza kuti dzinja Dasha anapita ku Samara kukaona atate wake - Bulavina Dmitriya Stepanovicha - ndipo zonse mwadzidzidzi pa bwato likukwaniritsa akatswiri okonza kwambiri Ivana Ilicha, amene kale anabalalitsa chifukwa kunyanyala ogwira ntchito za mbewu. Iwo amalankhula zabwino ndipo kwambiri chisoni ndi mzake.

Dasha, anapeza bambo, malinga ndi malangizo ake kupita ku Crimea, kulankhula ndi mwamuna Katya, ndipo tidzamunyengerera iye agwirizanitsenso ndi mkazi wake. Mu Crimea, iye anaona linasiiratu mu malingaliro ake Bessonova, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri - unali kunena tiwonana Telegin, iye adzapita patsogolo, pambuyo World Choyamba, tenepo iye adanyerezera lero kuvomereza Darya Dmitrievna m'chikondi.

Patapita kanthawi kutsogolo amafa mwangozi Bessonov, kukhala mathero a wadutsamo ndakatulo. Trilogy zina likufotokoza kuti pamene Katya anachokera France kwa Moscow Smokovnikov agwirizanenso naye.

Roshchin

Tsopano, pamene padziko lonse panali nkhondo, alongo anayamba kugwira ntchito m'chipatala cha asilikali. Tsiku lina Nikolai Petrovich kumabweretsa nyumba seconded ku likulu la zipangizo za White Alonda Captain Vadim Petrovich Roshchin. Pafupi pomwepo kugwa m'chikondi ndi Ekaterina Dmitrievna ndipo posakhalitsa watero chikondi chake, koma salandira reciprocity.

Tolstoy "Njira ya ku Kalvare" akupitiriza chakuti mlongo wina anaphunzira za manyuzipepala awo kuti chizindikiro Telegin akusowa. Dasha anagwera mu kusimidwa, iye anali koma anaganiza kuti anatengedwa nkaidi ndiye kangapo kuthawa m'ndendeyo, zimakhala zilibe ngakhale kuwomberedwa. Koma chozizwitsa anamupulumutsa iye, ndipo iye afika bwinobwino Moscow.

The yaitali msonkhano ndi Dasha sunakhalitse, ndi Ivan Ilyich anathamangira zotchulidwa mu fakitare Baltic mu Petrograd. M'njiramo iye amakhala mwachisawawa umboni achiwembuwo vula mu Neva thupi la anaphedwa Grishka Rasputin.

Choncho anayamba kutsogolo Telegina February zisinthe. Telegin anapita ku Moscow chifukwa Dasha ndi kulibweretsa ilo kwa Petrograd.

zachiwawa

mwamuna Kathy a watumikira monga Commissioner wa Provisional boma ndi nsangala anapita ku Moscow, kumene anaphedwa asilikali mutinous.

Ndi Vadim Roshchin wamasiye abwera kudzawalimbikitsa. Iye kale sakudziwa chochita, kapena asilikali Russian, palibe kutsogolo panonso. Iye akulankhula za Russia ngati manyowa kulima, ndipo tsopano zonse ziyenera analenga mwatsopano, ndi boma ndi asilikali, ndipo pambuyo moyo wina Finyani mwa anthu.

Madzulo m'chaka cha 1917, Vadim ndi Kate kuyenda motsatira njira yolowera mu Petrograd. Apa anaganiza kuti avomereze m'chikondi Kate. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anadutsa pa Nyumbayi wakale wa dziko ballerina wotchuka, amene munali likulu la Bolsheviks, omwe ankakonzekera kulanda mphamvu. Choncho mapeto gawo loyamba la buku la.

Kukwera

Chidule ( "Nsautso") akupitiriza Buku lachiwiri lakuti "chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu." Limafotokoza mmene mantha njala ndi ozizira wakhala mu nthawi yochepa St. Petersburg, amakhala likukhalira ku ndi vuto kwenikweni. Dasha, pakati woyamba, ndi ambanda, nkhawa zimenezi zimachititsa kubadwa masiku asanakwane, iye ali ndi mnyamata amene afa pa tsiku lachitatu. Dasha sanathe achire m'mavuto wake, Ivan Ilych azindikira kuti kukhala kunyumba alibenso mphamvu kapena chilakolako, kotero iye anapita kukatumikira ku Red Army.

Roshchin pa nthawi ino Moscow, iye anali chigoba anavutikira pambuyo kumenyana ndi October ndi boma la. Ndi Kate, anatsimikiza mtima kupita kwa bambo ake ku Samara, kumeneko kudikira kunja ulimi. Iwo anali otsimikiza kuti mphamvu ya Bolsheviks ku kasupe sukhalitsa. Ndiye Roshchin Katya anatumizidwa ku Rostov, amene wapanga mongodzipereka asilikali a woyera, koma ndiribe nthawi kumeneko (detachment analandira vuto latsopano ndi anauzidwa kuti achoke mumzinda).

Makhno

Nsomba mwa madzi pa nthawi ino amamvera ndi Roshchin. "Njira ya ku Kalvare" zina likufotokoza kuti pa nthaka maganizo pakati Vadim ndi Kate kupita makani. Iye akuchoka kuti andipeze ndi odzipereka, koma pamaso Lifikira Red Alonda mbali kupita ku mizere ya nkhondo ndi kuwuluka kwa wake, kuti pamapeto pake adzatero. Wolimba kapitawo akadali osakondwa yekha, amayamba kuvutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusiya Katya.

Catherine D., tikukhala mu Rostov, posachedwa afika uthenga wabodza wa imfa ya Vadim ndipo tsopano anakakamizika kupita zambiri. Koma pa njira sitima kuukira Makhno. Mu Makhnovists ukapolo amakumana wakale wamng'ono Roshchina - Krasilnikova Alekseya, limene limayamba ndi kumusamalira.

Vadim, mwamsanga pamene analandira tchuthi liwiro Katya ku Rostov, koma kumeneko anapeza ake. Pa siteshoni, mwangozi akukumana Telegin, amene anali ananamizira mu kapitawo White Alonda. Vadim si extradite iye, zimene kumuthokoza mwakachetechete ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusiyiratu.

Dasha

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Daria D. amakhala ku St. Petersburg, kumene ofiira ndi Lenin akumanga boma antchito atsopano 'ndi anthu wamba. Kamodzi ndi Kulichek bwenzi lawo lakale - kapitawo Denikin, amene amabweretsa ake kalata yochokera kwa m'bale wake. Kwa iye iye amaphunzira kuti Roshin anafa.

Kulichek atamukoka Dasha ntchito mobisa ku boma Bolshevik, ndipo anasamukira ku Moscow. Mtsikanayo ntchito kuyang'aniridwa ndi Boris Savinkov, kuphimba kucheza ndi n'ngopandukira Mammoth Dalsky. Pa malangizo a mobisa wake, iye akuyamba misonkhano zosiyanasiyana zimene Lenin amalankhula pa zomwe gulu lawo akukonzekera nkhondo. zisudzo zake likhale mumaona. Ndiyeno Daria D. akusanza mauthenga onse ndi achiwembu ndipo anapita kwa bambo wake Samara. Palinso afika ndi Telegin mu mawonekedwe a kapitawo woyera.

Telegin adza kwa Bulavin ndipo akufuna kuti osachepera nkhani za Dasha. Wotchedwa Dmitry Stepanovich yomweyo kuti pamaso pake "wofiira njoka," iye amalephera Telegina akale kalata kuchokera Dashi, ndi Ndikuganizira counterintelligence. Ndiyeno pali mwadzidzidzi kukumana Telegin ndi Dasha, pa nthawi anali mu chipinda. Ndi nthawi kuti ndifotokoze, ndi Ivan Ilyich akuthamanga.

Monga patapita kanthawi Telegin kale analamula Regiment anabwerera kwa Dasha mu Bulavina nyumba, koma munalibe kanthu, galasi mantha, ndi Dasha ayi.

Kutetezedwa Tsaritsyn

Chidule ( "Njira ya ku Gologota") mu gawo lachitatu "wachisoni Morning" amanena kuti sitima yapamtunda ikanagwidwa Darya Dmitrievna woyera Cossacks, ndipo tsopano iye ndi kuyenda ake mwachisawawa mbatata wophikidwa penapake mu chipululu. Iwo ayenera Tsaritsyno, koma iwo ali mu dongosolo la Maonekedwe, amene yomweyo amaganiziridwa espionage, makamaka chifukwa bambo Dasha anali mtumiki wa boma la Samara woyera. Koma kenako anatuluka kuti kazembe wa Regiment adadziwa Melshin Dasha mwamuna German nkhondo ndi Red Army.

Telegin pa nthawi ino yonyamula Volga yolimbanirana ndi mfuti mu waukali Tsaritsyn. Pamene podziteteza iye anazunzidwa anavulazidwa ndi kuchipatala. Patapita masiku angapo, chikomokere zitamubwerera, amaona angapo anamwino amene anali Dasha wake wokondedwa.

Katya ndi Roshchin

Roshchina kowopsya pa nthawi imeneyi, ndi kukhumudwa kwambiri moyo wake wonse, Ekaterinoslavle mwadzidzidzi amvela kuti sitimayo, omwe anali paulendo Katya, analanda Makhno. Kusiya sutukesi mu hotelo ndi anang'amba epaulets woyera kapitawo, iye anapita mu likulu Huliaipole Makhno. Pali akugwa mu manja Levy Zadova - Makhno a counterintelligence aakulu. Amene avala Roshchina wozunzikirapo. Koma Makhno ndiye amatenga kwa yekha kwa Bolsheviks ankaganiza kuti iye anali ndi anyamata woyera, izo amalowa ndi opindulitsa mgwirizano ndi Bolsheviks ndi iwo atenga zambiri, limene linali pansi Petliurists. Roschin kuwayendera famu komwe ankakhala Katya ndi Alexei Krasilnikov, koma iwo anali kale anasiya, palibe amene akudziwa kumene.

Vadim molimba mtima anagwira ntchito nkhondoyo, koma Petliurists mzinda Sizilowana. Roshchin yavulala, ndi wofiira kupulumutsa mu chipatala Kharkiv.

Zikhumbo akuthamanga mkulu malire mu buku "Njira ya ku Kalvare". Katya, sadzachitanso anamasulidwa ku Krasil'nikova mwachiwawa inamchititsa naye, mmodzi wa sukulu akumidzi kukhala mphunzitsi.

M'chipatala Vadim walangizidwa Kiev Commissioner kuti Chugai. Ndi iye anatenga gawo mu kugonjetsedwa kwa Green zigawenga ndi kupha Krasil'nikova. Katya anapeza.

chimwemwe

Nsautso - mutu waukulu mankhwala, ngwazi za buku, iye ali pafupi kwambiri, aliyense adzalandira zawo, chifukwa nthawi zinali kwenikweni loopsa kuti N'zovuta izo.

Choncho Ivan Ilych anakhala brigade mkulu, ndi kamodzi iye anaimira Chief ogwira ntchito, zimene waphunzira Roshchina. Iye ankafuna kuti amumange, koma mofulumira zimaonekeratu.

Kate anabwerera ku Moscow mu nyumba yake yakale pa Arbat, kumene m'manda kamodzi mwamuna ndipo ndinamufotokozera Vadim. Kenaka anakonza mphunzitsi ndipo pa umodzi mwa misonkhano anamenyela wowerengeka iye amaphunzira Vadim Petrovich kenako faints. Ndi Kate kubwera Telegin ndi Dasha.

Tsopano, onse kukakhalanso ndi ili mu holo ya Bolshoi Theatre. lipoti lonena Krzyzanowski za electrification la Russia. Roshchin anatchulapo Lenin ndi Stalin ndipo limatiuza Kate kuti adagonjetsedwa Denikin, kuti magazi ndi khama onse sikuli chabe umenewu chifukwa chachikulu, pamene dziko linayamba ankamangidwanso zabwino, ndipo mu chipinda chino onse okonzekera izo kudzapereka moyo wake. Izi latsopano Russia. Ivan Ilyich, kwambiri, anauziridwa ndi zisudzo za atsogoleri otchuka, akuti Dasha, umene uli kale okonzeka kwambiri. Izi ndi zotheka ndi kutsiriza mwachidule. "Njira ya ku Kalvare" - ntchito oyenera kuwerenga.