Chiganizo chovuta: mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta. Mitundu yolumikizana mu chiganizo chovuta

Kukwanitsa kusiyanitsa molondola ziganizo zovuta, ziganizo zovuta, makamaka zimagwiritsa ntchito luso logwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamagwiritsidwe moyenera. Mfundo yakuti mgwirizano ulipo pakati pa ziwalozi zimadalira chizindikiro cholembera, chifukwa si chinsinsi kuti popanda chida, mungagwiritse ntchito koloni, dash kapena semicolon. Za momwe mungasamalire bwino mtundu wa ziganizo zovuta, ndi kuyankhula mu nkhaniyi.

Cholinga chiri chophweka ndi chovuta

Chigamulo ndicho chiyankhulo choyambirira cha chinenero chilichonse. Ndi chithandizo chawo chomwe anthu samangolankhula zokha, komanso kuganiza, kulemba. Mawu omasuliridwawo ndiwo kuwerenga masentensi. Gawoli lachiyankhulo cha sayansi limafotokoza ziganizo zophweka ndi zovuta, ziganizo zovuta. Chigawo ichi chikuwonetsanso momwe mawu alili okhudzana ndi maginito opangidwa.

Kuphunzira chilankhulochi, munthu amalankhula zokhazokha: zimakhala zolemera, zolondola, zochepa komanso zowonongeka. Indedi, wina akhoza kulankhula pogwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zosavuta, koma ndizosiyana kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula zojambulajambula zojambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafanizo.

Chogwirizana kwambiri ndi mawuwa ndi zizindikiro. Pakatikati pa luso lake ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zolembera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mwa njira imeneyi wolembayo amamveka momveka bwino.

Mitundu ya zopereka

Zisonyezo za chi Russia zimagawidwa mosavuta ndi zovuta. Chodziwika chachikulu chomwe chiri pano ndi chiwerengero cha zigawenga zagalama. Ngati ali yekha, zoperekazo n'zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo: "Kutentha kumayenda m'misewu ndi masamba okongola". (Mutu - autumn, predicate - pepala, motsatira, chiganizocho ndi chosavuta). Nkhani yosiyana ngati chiganizocho chili ndi maziko oposa umodzi. Pankhaniyi, imatanthauzira zovutazo: "Kutentha kumakhala kobiri m'misewu ndi masamba okongola, koma kuthamanga sikungakhalitse." Mutu No. 1 - autumn, chiwerengero cha nambala 1 - pepala; Nambala 2 - chiwawa, nambala 2 - idzatha. Kotero, mu chitsanzo ichi, chiganizocho ndi chovuta.

Osati kusokoneza malingaliro ovuta komanso ovuta. Kawirikawiri chiganizo chofanana chimatengedwa monga maziko achilankhulo chachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo: "Kutentha kunkayang'ana m'misewu ndi masamba okongola". Chiganizochi ndi chophweka, zovuta ndi zogwirizana zofanana: mkondo, utoto.

Chiganizo chophweka: kusiyana ndi makhalidwe

Mitundu yonse ya ziganizo zosavuta komanso zovuta zimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri: cholinga cha mawu ndi chiganizo. Choyamba chimatanthawuza magulu ofanana a nkhani, kufufuza ndi kuyambitsa. Mwachidziwitso, ziganizo zopanda kukondweretsa ndi zosangalatsa zimasankhidwa.

Mitsempha yosavuta, nayenso, imasungidwa ndi magawo angapo.

1. Zomwe ndi zachilendo. Pano ife tikuyang'ana ku kukhalapo kwa mamembala achiwiri. "Akiti akusewera." - "Amphaka okongola akusewera pa udzu kutsogolo kwa nyumba." Chiganizo choyamba sichirichilendo, apa pali nkhani yokhayo (mbuzi) ndi predicate (masewera). Pachifukwa chachiwiri, chiganizochi ndi chachilendo: pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zofanana, pali zochitika (pa udzu, kutsogolo kwa nyumba) ndi tanthauzo (zokongola).
2. Gawo limodzi ndi magawo awiri. Woyamba ali ndi mmodzi yekha mwa mamembala aakulu: "Sindikutuluka m'nyumba." Pano, chiwerengero chokhacho chiripo.
3. Zovuta osati ayi. Chiganizo chophweka chingakhale chovuta ndi tanthawuzo losiyana, kuwonjezerapo kapena mkhalidwe: "Munthu amene amawerenga mabuku nthawi zonse amakhala wokondweretsa interlocutor." "Kuwerenga mabuku" ndi tanthauzo losavomerezeka, lofotokozedwa ndi zowonjezera. Kuwonjezera apo, mawu ofanana, mawu oyambirira ndi zomangamanga, kutembenukira kofanana kumapangitsanso kuti pempholi likhale lovuta.
4. Yathunthu ndi yosakwanira. Otsatira alibe membala aliyense, wamkulu kapena wachiwiri. Mwachidule, tanthauzo lake silingamveke.

Kugawidwa kwa ziganizo zovuta malinga ndi mtundu wa kugwirizana

Mitundu yolumikizana ya zigawo za chiganizo chovuta ndi mawu mu kuphatikiza mawu ndi kuphatikiza ndi kugwirizana. Talingalirani iwo pa nkhani ya chiganizo chovuta.

Ngati magawo awiri a chiganizo ali ofanana, palibe funso pakati pawo - kulumikizana kuli patsogolo pathu. Zimasonyezedwa kupyolera mukugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizanowu ndi chiwonetsero.

Ngati chimodzi mwa zigawozi chimadalira wina, tingathe kufunsa funso pakati pawo, ndiye pali ubale wochepa. Zimakwaniritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi mgwirizano wapakati, mawu ogwirizana ndi chidziwitso.

Zogwirizana zokhazokha zomwe ziri ndi gawo la ziganizo zovuta zambiri. Mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta imakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Mphatso yovuta

Zigawo za chiganizochi (pakatchulidwa pambuyo pake kuti ndi SSP) zimagwirizanitsa zonse mwachangu komanso mothandizidwa ndi mgwirizanowu. Zomalizazi zigawanika m'magulu atatu: kulumikizana, kulekanitsa ndi kutsutsa. Choncho, ziganizo zotsatirazi zovuta zidzasankhidwa:

1. SSP ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana. Ambiri - ndi, inde, inde, ndi (ndi ofanana mtengo ndi), nayonso. Masentensiwa nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira tanthauzo la nthawi, zochita zofanana kapena zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, chiganizochi: "Mtambo wakuda unawonekera kumwamba, ndipo pangopita mphindi pang'ono mphenzi inafalikira." Pano zochitika za zochitika sizidangokhala ndi chithandizo cha mgwirizanowu ndipo , zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi nthawi: mu miniti . Komanso, SSPs ndi mgwirizanowu zimatha kutanthauzira tanthauzo la zotsatira kapena zotsatira: "Ndimawumitsa m'mawa uliwonse, choncho matenda ndi achilendo kwa ine." Chofunika kwambiri chimalimbikitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chotero .
2. Mu BSC ndi mabungwe otsutsana (koma, ah, inde (ofanana molingana koma), koma, komabe chochitika chimodzi kapena chodabwitsa chimatsutsana ndi wina. "Tonse timalankhula zinenero zosiyana, koma anthu amasonyeza chisoni chomwecho komanso chimwemwe mofananamo." Paziganizo zoterezi, nthawi zambiri tinthu timaphatikizapo mgwirizanowu, koma timagulu timagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mgwirizano: "Nyimbo yokha imafuna kukongola, koma nyimbo sizimafuna kukongola" (I. Bunin).
3. Kusiyanitsa mgwirizano, kapena, kapena, ichi ndi icho ndi china chimapanga ziganizo zina zamagulu. Iwo amasonyeza tanthauzo la kusinthana kapena mwayi wa chochitika: "Kaya ine ndikugona, kapena zonse zikuchitika" (kusiyana kwa chochitika). "Chipale chofewa chikubwera, mphepo ikulira, mvula yamkuntho ikuwombera."

Ziganizo zovuta

Nkhani zosiyana - ziganizo zovuta. Mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta za mtundu umenewu ndizosiyana. Komabe, onsewa amagwirizana ndi kukhala ndi mbali ziwiri zosiyana: mbali zazikulu ndi zochepa. Kuyambira koyambirira, tingathe kufunsa funsoli mosavuta. "Tiyenera kuwerenga okha ntchito zomwe zimaphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa kuganiza." Gawo loyamba ndilo lalikulu. Ife tikufunsa funso: "Kwa" mabuku ati? Yankho lake ndi gawo lachiwiri, motero, ndilo lina.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthawi zonse ndime yowonjezereka ndi yochepa. Ikhoza kuimirira patsogolo pake: "Ngati tipita mofulumira, tidzakhala ndi nthawi yolanda malo abwino kwambiri." Komanso, ndimeyi ikhoza "kutayika" mkati mwake. "Nthambi za msondodzi, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri chisanu, zinali zokongola m'dzinja." Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gawo limodzi la magawo onsewa ndi losemphana ndi chida chachikulu.

Malinga ndi mtengo, ziganizo zosiyana zimasankhidwa. Mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta ndi mgwirizano wodalirika zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi zigawo zazing'ono zomwe zikupanga:

• Wodzichepetsa.
• Wotsutsa.
• Chotsimikizika chotsimikizika.
• Zowonjezerapo zina.
• Pridatochnye zochitika.

Chiganizo chovuta kwambiri

Pali mitundu yotereyi yolumikizira ziwalo za chiganizo chovuta, pamene kudalira kwawo wina ndi mzake kumafalitsidwa kokha kupyolera mu kugwiritsa ntchito tanthawuzo ndi chidziwitso. Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za ziganizo zovuta zovuta. Kuchokera ku ndondomeko zikuonekeratu kuti palibe ogwirizana kapena ogwirizanitsa pano. Zizindikiro zomasulira, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziganizo zovuta za anthu osadziwika, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matanthawuzo a semantic.

Makasitomala muzogwirizanitsa zoterezi amaikidwa kwambiri kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri - colon ndi dash. Yoyamba imayikidwa pa nkhani ya kukhalapo mu gawo lachiwiri la mtengo wake. "Ndiyenda: zidzakhala bwino kwa aliyense". Muyeneranso kuyika koloni, ngati pali ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali kapena tanthauzo lina. Turo imayikidwa ngati gawo lachiwiri likuimira otsutsa: "Mtengo ukukula - mlimi akung'amba". Yerekezerani: "Mtengo ukukula, koma munthuyo akudula." Nthawi iliyonse, chikhalidwe, zotsatira.

Kupereka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolankhulirana

Pali mtundu umodzi wa ziganizo zovuta, zomwe zili ndizolembedwa pamwambapa. Ichi ndi chiganizo chovuta ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulana. Imaimira maina angapo, ogwirizanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana kapena wosagwirizana.

Kuti timvetse bwino mtundu uwu wa magulu opanga, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo. "Anthu ena amanena kuti ludzu lakumbukira limabwera ndi zaka - ndikuganiza kuti akulakwitsa." Tiyeni tione mtundu wa kulumikizana mu chiganizo chovuta. Nazi zigawo ziwiri, zomwe ndi ziganizo zovuta. Pakati pa iwo - mgwirizano wa mgwirizanowu, wofotokozedwa ndi mtengo wa kutsutsidwa, kotero umayikidwa mu dash. Kotero, choyamba choyamba chimatha ndi mawu akuti zaka , ndiye kachiwiri kachiwiri.