Zosasinthika zosasinthidwa: malamulo a spelling

Kodi ndizosinthika zotani zomwe zimasiyana bwanji ndi zomwe zingasinthe? Yankho la funso ili likupezeka mu zipangizo za m'nkhaniyi. Kuonjezera apo, tikupereka zitsanzo zingapo za kugwiritsa ntchito morphemes.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Asanafotokoze zomwe zimakhala zosasintha, tanthawuzo la gawo ili la mawu liyenera kuperekedwa.

Choyambirira, kapena chithunzi (mukutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Latin praefixus amatanthauza "kuikidwa kutsogolo") amatanthauza mbali imeneyo ya mawu omwe amaima patsogolo pa mizu. Izi ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti pangakhale morphemes angapo (kuyambira 1 mpaka 3). Mwachitsanzo: mkati-kuchokera-kryvat, ndi-ogwirizanitsa , ndi zina zotero.

Zofunika za zida za Russian

Zambiri zotanthauzira m'Chirasha zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo nthawi zina tanthauzo, ndi prepositions kapena particles. Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo:

• Kupanda njira , ndiko kuti, popanda msewu;
• Kuchokera pansi pa mphumi yake;
• Mawu , kutanthauza, kuchokera ku verebu;
• Osati awonekera - kuti asamawonekere.

Mitundu ya chitonthozo

Mu Chirasha muli zizindikiro zosasinthika, zosinthika ndi chinenero china. Zomwe zili zowonjezera, zimabwereka, zomwe zimachita motere:

• Kwambiri (archi-);
• Pansi pa (sub-);
• Osati (anti-);
• Onse (pan-);
• Against (counter-);
• Kupyolera mu (trans-) ndi zina zotero.

Zosintha zosasintha

Kusamala kwambiri panthawi yophunzira zotonthoza kumaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa osasinthika. Ndi chomwe chikugwirizana, tidzakambirana pansipa. Tsopano chidwi chanu chidzaperekedwa ku malemba onsewa, komanso mau omwe ali ndi mazenera osasintha:

• Chitani- ( yendani, mutengere, mukuganiza ).
• O- ( kuima, kutchedwa, phokoso, mchere ).
• Pro- ( phala, wiritsani, kukula, kunyenga ).
• По- ( Compound, kukhulupirira, kudalira, kudula ).
• Pemphero- (limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, mwa chiyanjano: agogo-agogo, chinenero cha amayi, agogo-aakazi, ndi zina zotero ).
• Pakuti- ( wandende, pota, funsani, mutenge ).
• On- (tipezani , yesani, chitani ).
• Kuposa-, nthawi zina ndikofunikira ( nadratnut, kuluma, kupuma, kulemba ).
• Ma-, nthawi zina , sub- ( mwamsanga, kusungunuka, kuyembekezera, kuchepetsa ).
• O-, nthawi zina, obo- (chiganizo ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu otsatirawa: kugaya, kudula, kudutsa, kupukuta ).
• Anakonzeratu , wotsogolera, asanasankhe .
• Ot-, nthawi zina, oto- (chithunzichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu: kupanikizira, kupuma, kupereka, kutsegula ).
• B-, nthawi zina, mu (chiyambi ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu otsatirawa: gwirani, kuseka, kukoka, kusoka ).
• Pa- ( kutsanulira, hum, skew ).
• C-, nthawi zina, co (chiganizo ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu otsatirawa: kuchoka, kusuntha, kukhala mabwenzi, kupulumutsa, kudzipatulira, kugwada, kuchita ).

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa makamaka kuti malemba ambiri a zilembo zosasinthika s- ndizo ndizokayika, makamaka m'mawu monga apa, komanso si nyumba, dera, kapena thanzi.

Kalata yoyamba ya mapulogalamu olembedwawo ndi "s". Kodi chifukwa cha lamulo ili ndi chiyani? Malemba osasinthidwa, omwe adafotokozedwa pamwambapa, sizitchulidwa chabe. Pambuyo pake, izo zinalembedwa mofanana, mosasamala kanthu phokoso pazochitika zinazake. Ndipo, monga mukuyesera kuzindikira, malembawo sali pakati pawo. Ndipo, kawirikawiri, palibe chiyambi chomwecho mu Chirasha. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kuti mu mawu apa, osati zgi, zomangamanga, am'deralo ndi thanzi, kalata "z" imalowa muzu, ndipo siyi chiyambi. Ndicho chifukwa chake aphunzitsi ambiri amalimbikitsa kukumbukira malemba awo, komanso kuti asawagwiritse ntchito malamulo.

Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti chilemba chosasinthidwa pa kalata ndi chilembo cholembedwa mofanana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mosasamala kanthu za malo ake mu liwu, ilo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga likufotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Ngati mukukumbukira, malemba onse osasinthidwa, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zophweka kuti mupange malemba olembedwa. Pambuyo pa zonse, pofuna kulembera molondola ma morphemes, palibe chifukwa chofunafuna malamulo oyenera, kusankha mawu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi tanthawuzo, kudziŵa vola kapena osamva,

Koma kuti mukumbukire malemba onsewa, mufunika nthawi yochuluka. Pambuyo pake, iwo sali ochepa kwambiri. Pofuna kugwira ntchitoyi, ndibwino kuti mupitirize kutsatira izi: Chilichonse chokhazikika m'kalatachi chimaikidwa mu selo losiyana la tebulo, limene mukufuna kukopera pa pepala lapadera. Mu gawo lachiwiri (moyang'anizana ndi chithunzi chilichonse), muyenera kulemba zitsanzo zingapo - kuti zikhale zosavuta kukumbukira. Kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito tebuloyi popanga malemba, mungagwiritse ntchito zida zosasinthika, osapanga zolakwika.

Mitundu ina ya chitonthozo

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuphatikiza pa zilembo zosasinthika , palinso zinenero zomasulidwa komanso zakunja ku Russian . Zomalizazi ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa. Sikovuta kuchita izi, monga palibe ambiri mwa iwo. Ponena za kusandulika kosasinthika, pakadali pano pali mavuto aakulu. Ndipotu, amamvera malamulo apadera, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri.

Choncho, kusintha kosinthika ndizo zotsatirazi: ayi- / no-, roses / ros-, sv- / sov-, raz- / raz-, voz--, niz- / nis-, Iz- / is, (Kupyolera-) / kusintha- (kusinthanitsa). Zoterezi zotere zimatchedwa kusinthanitsa "c" ndi "h". Mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito polemba kalata mukhoza kumvetsetsa kuchokera ku lamulo lotsatira:

• M'mbuyomu, kalata "z" imagwiritsidwa ntchito musanatchulidwe ma consonants, omwe asanakhalepo x, y, m, b, z, d, d, d, d, d. Koma kalata "c", imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso pa ogontha ogontha, omwe asanakhalepo, n, c, f, k, x, w, u, u. Nazi zitsanzo izi: tsikani / tulukani, osaphunzira / osamvetseka, kuimitsa / kuukitsa, kugawa / kupenta, ndi zina zotero.

Komanso kuzinthu zosinthika monga raz- (raz-) / roz (-ros), pra- / pro, pre-/ price. Amamvera malamulo awa:

• M'mawu oyamba a ra- (ra-) / roz (-ros) mu syllable yogwedezeka, kalata "o, ndi m'malo osasunthika kalata" a "yalembedwa.
• M'njira yoyenera- / ndi kalata "a", ngati pali mankhwala. Nthawi zina, kalata "o" yalembedwa.
• M'mbuyomu, mawu akuti "e" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati pali phindu "kupyolera", "kwambiri", "mosiyana", "kwambiri" (ndiko kuti, pafupi). Kalata "ndi" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali phindu lolowa, kuyandikana, kuyerekezera, kubweretsa chiwonongeko, kuchita zosakwanira kapena zochitapo kanthu.