Chimateteza ndodo: mitundu, maonekedwe, akuti

Zamagetsi - mmodzi wa kudzinenera owopsa. Kuti bwino kuteteza ogwira ntchito, kampani imapereka zovala zake ntchito ndi nsapato ndi chitetezo Arc magetsi. Mwa ichi chikalata zida munthu woteteza (PPE) ndi zida akatswiri mphamvu. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ntchito wapanikizika ndi pa okwera. Kupereka izi zida zina ntchito ndi katundu chotchinga ndi Arc magetsi. Zikuphatikizapo zingwe, makwerero, mphasa. Mmodzi wa zipangizo chidwi, sipangakhalenso amati ndi PPE ndi zipangizo ndi zokutira zitsulo ndodo.

Kodi kuchita? Mtundu wa zida amalola ntchito ndi kachitidwe magetsi womvera voteji koma osati choposa 550 kV. Malinga magwiridwe ndi zida izi anawagawa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri. Pali ntchito ndi kuyeza ndodo. zizindikiro zawo tiona kenako m'nkhani ino.

mbali Design

Chida ndi phesi, ungathe kugawidwa mu zigawo zitatu. Izi chogwirira, kutchinjiriza, komanso gawo ntchito. chida zimenezi pa zamagetsi akhoza zoduliratu kapena telescopic. Home - kupereka amphamvu zokutira zitsulo mchitidwe kugwirizana lumikiza. Chifukwa chaichi munthu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fasteners wapadera zitsulo, koma okwana kutalika ayenera musalumphe peresenti asanu kutalika kwa gawo chimateteza.

Zikugwira ntchito kwenikweni amapangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena chuma ndi dielectric ndipo, malingana ndi cholinga, kodi ndi maonekedwe osiyana ndi magwiridwe.

Mbali chimateteza ndi yopangidwa ndi zisulo kuti makhalidwe magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, kumakhala kovuta labala, Bakelite, yamitengo ndi ena. Malinga ndi luso wiritsani bwino fulakesi kapena hemp mafuta, zouma. Kenako, nkhani pamwamba TACHIMATA ndi zokutira zitsulo varnish kuti kuziteteza malowedwe a chinyezi mkati.

Chogwirira imagwiridwa zambiri ku nkhani yofanana monga gawo chimateteza. Pakati pa zigawo izi ziyenera anakonza amasiya mphete amene kumathandiza kukhudzana ndi manja ndi zokutira zitsulo gawo. The limiter mutumikire millimeters osachepera khumi ndi ndi kutalika kwa osachepera atatu millimeters.

The utali wonse wa bala la dziko muyezo Number 20494-2001 ( "chimateteza timitengo ndi zinthu ntchito ya kunyamula earthing - zaumisiri zofunika") zimadalira voteji wa unsembe magetsi, amene anapanga ntchito.

M'magulu ndi voltages woposa 350 kV ntchito zida kuti ntchito zamagetsi awiri ndi atagwira chipangizo.

Magawo chachikulu

Kulemera kwa zida kwa munthu wina musalumphe makilogalamu eyiti. Mphamvu pa dzanja wina ndi ndodo chingwe ayenera musalumphe 80H, kwa mitundu ina kuti 160N. Kutalika kwa gawo chimateteza ndi chogwirira zimadalira ukulu wa voteji, monga GOST 20494-2001.

zinthu Mbali

Kukhazikitsa ntchito pa mavuto kudzera mwa mowa angathe kuchitidwa mu kachitidwe chatsekedwa magetsi, kapena pa msewu, koma kouma. Palibe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mu mvula, nyengo achisanu kapena pa chifunga, drizzle. Zikatero nyengo, pali chiopsezo mantha magetsi, zomwe zina angakhale ndi zotsatira amapha.

Ndi chida ichi kugwira ntchito ndi disconnectors, kusintha kwa lama fuyusi atakhala zinthu dischargers cheke olekanitsidwa pa mizere mphamvu ndi substations mubale anakuta kunyamula earthing ntchito ngati njira yomasuka ku ovulalawo magetsi inawadutsa munthu mubale kuyeza ntchito.

Iwo ayenera kuonedwa zambiri mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuthekera kusinthidwa kwa mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo.

chimango mizati

Pali mitundu inayi ya pakati magwiridwe:

• SHO (Sikuyenda zokutira zitsulo). Izo ntchito ambiri ntchito ndi mutu replaceable. Ntchito pa magetsi voltages mpaka 220 kV AC kapena DC.
• SCO (kupulumutsidwa). Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupulumutsa anthu ku mabacteria mantha ndi voltages mpaka 110 kV. zinthu zopezeka ikuchitika ndi likuchita kumawonjezera mwayi kuti kutsitsimutsa wovulalayo.
• MUZIKHALA (Universal zokutira zitsulo ndodo). Ntchito pa makhazikitsidwe magetsi ofanana SHO. Nambala pazipita ntchito gawo replaceable kumawonjezera magwiridwe a.
• SHZP (nthaka anakuta). Komanso ntchito pa makhazikitsidwe magetsi ndi voteji mpaka 220 kV AC kapena DC. njira Ichi chizathandiza anatengera kwa mbali ndi voteji yotsalira kapena tsankho disconnection unsembe. Pogwira ntchito ndi SHZP kwambiri amachepetsa chiwerengero cha zodabwitsa magetsi.

Ndodo mwamsanga amalola kuchita ntchito zofunika mwapanikizika. Izi amapewa kutenga kakasi magetsi. Chinthu chachikulu - kusunga malamulo a ntchito, kufufuza ndi chiyesedwe cha zodzitetezera.

"Nkhupakupa"

A malo osiyana ndi kupereka pliers lotsekedwa. Mchitidwe amalola m'malo a mafyuzi mu makhazikitsidwe magetsi 1 kV ndi pamwamba. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa atsogoleri, mipanda ku makhazikitsidwe mpaka 350 kV. Anandilola m'malo mtundu wa zida ntchito ndodo konsekonse, ndi mutu ziwalo ntchito.

Kukula ndi kulemera kwa chida ayenera kuonetsetsa ntchito yabwino munthu. Mbali chimateteza ndi chogwirira ayenera anamanga zipangizo ndi katundu dielectric ndi antistatic.

Nthata okha akhale wa electrically chimateteza zakuthupi kapena zitsulo. Pa ubweya zitsulo ayenera ankavala mafuta zosagwira chubu pa ntchito musati kuwononga padziko makatiriji lapansi.

Pamodzi kutalika kwa pliers lotsekedwa komanso amadalira voteji ndi:

• Pa voteji wa 1-10 kV zokutira zitsulo gawo kutalika - 450 mm, ndi chogwirira - 150 mm.
• Pa voteji wa 10-35 kV kutalika kwa zokutira zitsulo gawo - 750 mm, ndi chogwirira - 200 mm.

kuyeza

Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu akatswiri n'zotheka kudziwa amalumpha, ndi voteji dontho mu malo magetsi ili mu yachibadwa mumalowedwe opaleshoni. Pali njira ziwiri: pogwiritsa ntchito manambala kapena mwachindunji kutentha muyeso ndi kuyeza voteji kukakhala.

Kuyesa mutu ndi mphanvu kusiyana, anatsekula zasayansi. Iwo anapereka osachepera mtengo zovomerezeka. Mutu ntchito kupyolera kugwirizana kufanana kwa gawo scanned, mwa zizindikiro, zikusonyeza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa voteji. Nkofunika kuti nthawi kulamulira unsembe magetsi zili zabwinobwino mode opaleshoni.

Pali mitundu zitatu:

• IDCs. chipangizo limapereka mphamvu kusintha mtunda pakati maelekitirodi, amene amalola kupeza deta yolondola kwambiri miyezo.
• SHI. Mu zipangizo amenewa Cholozera anaika microammeter ndi kukana zina megohms 160. Malinga njira muyeso, kusintha mu ntchito m'dera probes zida ndi mawaya kuti olumikiza malo a. Probes ntchito kwa insulator ankalamulira, pali kugwirizana yomweyi. Microammeter muvi zikusonyeza chifukwa cha kayesedwe.

SHI zida ntchito njira yachiwiri. Wokwera probes kwa kuyeza kutentha kwa ojambula lapansi.

• Magetsi pliers. Ndi thiransifoma panopa ndi dera kugawanika maginito. Chifukwa chachikulu kumulowetsa wochititsa ntchito ndi panopa mpandawo, ndi sekondale otsekedwa ndi chingwe chida kapena oyimba kapena yadigito.

zinthu opaleshoni

Bala zokutira zitsulo kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ndi boma kutentha kwa opanda 45 ° C kwa kuphatikiza 40 ° C pa chinyezi wachibale 98% pa 25 ° C.

Musagwiritse ntchito zipangizo:

• Alibe satifiketi zowonjezera, ndipo sanali mayesowo, motero, kuti satsatira mfundo chitetezo.
• Wolakwika. zipangizo ayenera kukonzedwa. Ndiye aliyese. Only deta analandira zochita pa ntchito zambiri kapena kutaya chipangizo chamagetsi lapansi.
• Chinyezi. Mu nyengo yamvula.
• Ntchito zogwiriziza (makwerero) kuona ntchito.

Ntchito pa dongosolo analola ogwira ntchito magetsi ndi tolerances yoyenera. Aliyense wogwira ntchito ayenera akhale okonzeka lokhala wa zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo magolovesi zokutira zitsulo, chimateteza nsapato, zovala ndi chitetezo Arc magetsi, Goggles ndi makina. Zonsezi chingatithandize ngati kuli kotheka kuteteza ntchito ku zodabwitsa magetsi.

Patsogolo ntchito chimateteza ndodo ayenera kukhala pansi kuyendera masomphenya. Mu chochitika cha kudziwika vuto ayenera m'malo ndi chitsanzo china.

Pamene ukugwira mayesero makina kunachitika. Mwina kuchitikira pa yokonzedweratu ndi unscheduled dontho chipangizo detects zolakwika. chipangizo Pre pansi pa kukonza.

kuyezetsa

Popeza ntchito pa unsembe magetsi limabweretsa gulu la chida zoopsa zamagetsi pansi anayendera okhwima ndi ulamuliro. Komanso, malingana ndi zida pa fakitale ndi kudziyesa. Malinga GOST 20494-2001, angakhale:

• Kulandiridwa. Ikuchitika aliyense mankhwala.
• Periodicals. Izo ziyenera kukhala pansi pa ndodo lililonse.
• Chitsanzo. Kusankha kuchititsa mayesero zitsanzo zitatu za mtundu womwewo. Izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuchita mayesero osiyanasiyana.

zochitika zonse mayeso ambabala fakitale mothandizidwa ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera amene ndimasewera ena a kulolera, ndiponso ophunzitsidwa ndi mbiri yabwino. ntchito izi ziyenera kuchitika yake, izo zimakhudza miyoyo ndi chitetezo cha zamagetsi thanzi.

Mndandanda wa mayesero:

• Zithunzi anayendera. Poona Zamkati, olemba ndi ma CD. Macheke kwa zolembedwa chofunika ndi zinthu zogwirizana wa Security.
• Fufuzani ndi zojambula fakitare. Yopangidwa ndi thandizo la kuyeza zida ayenera kukhala mwamwayi lathunthu la magawo.
• Yotsimikiza mphamvu dielectric. Ndisonyezeni voteji wa pafupipafupi malonda AC ntchito limodzi ndi osapitirira maminiti asanu. Pamene nyamuka voteji ndi mfundo 1/3 kungakhale umasinthasintha. A kuwonjezeka ayenera kukhala yosalala. Ntchito kufufuzidwa ndi kutchinjiriza wa tsinde la. Ngati palibe mwayi kuyesa zonse muyeso gawo, ndiye gawo ili la zigawo cheke ndodo. Ngati kuwonongeka, Kutentha m'dera ndi imfa dielectric, pamwamba kukha ali wapezeka, amaona kuti mankhwala bwinobwino mayeso.
• Kwamakokedwe kuyezetsa. kumalekezero a ndodo chili, ndi zina kudzera katundu kapena winch ndi pansi pa katundu pazipita. Mayeso anamaliza bwinobwino popanda kuwononga kuwoneka.
• Kupinda mayeso. anthufe horizontally kuliika pa mfundo ziwiri pa mapeto a mphete kusamala ndi amangomvera. Ndodo chitsanzo mayeso ngati palibe kuwonongeka kuwoneka.
• Poona khama kwambiri pa dzanja. ndodo Cham'mbali atathana wotetezedwa ndi madontho awiri - kutsogolo (50 mm kuchokera alonda mphete) ndipo kumbuyo (50 mm kuchokera kumapeto chogwirira) amathandiza. Mamita thandizo kutsogolo ndi maonekedwe sayenera upambana 160N. Chimateteza ndodo mpaka 1000V mayeso zimenezi sikuti poyera.

Ngati zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa, m'pofunika kuchititsa ndondomeko chachiwiri ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zitsanzo. Ngati deta akubwerezedwa, anagwira mtundu wonse wa mankhwala, ndipo amaletsa amasulidwe gulu latsopano kudziwa ndi kuthetsa zimene zimayambitsa zizindikiro negative. Zikatero, Sitampu mayeso ndi anawoloka mu wofiira.

mayesero onse anawatengera molingana ndi malamulo panopa. Mayesero ntchito zipangizo opangidwa pa zaka ziwiri, choyezera wa - kamodzi pa chaka.

Kusankha zida

Kuti wogwira ntchito inaperekedwa ndi woyenera koyenera PPE chida, ayenera kufufuza zogwirizana mfundo dziko ndi malamulo. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kusankha phukusi bwino pa mtundu wa ntchito.

Anaika pa chimateteza mtengo ndodo adzakhala mbali yofunika kwa ogula posankha chipangizo. Pa avareji ndi 500 rubles. Koma si kuthamangitsa zipangizo zotsika mtengo. Ayenera kuganizira mofatsa za chitsimikizo fakitale - Mlengi ndi zikalata kwa iwo. Zonsezi ndidzadutsa chisanadze zogulitsa kuyezetsa komanso ali ndi chidindo yoyenera.

chifukwa

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti Masiku ano simungathe kulingalira okha popanda magetsi. Motero, popanda kuyeza ndodo sangathe zidzaperekedwa. N'zovuta kulingalira zomwe zingachitike ngati dziko wazimitsa chakudya magetsi. Mwina kudzakhala zoopsa ndi mantha. Choncho muyenera ndi ulemu waukulu ndi ulemu anthu kutumikira unsembe, ndi kumabungwe oyenera mmene ndingathere angawapatse ndi zonse zofunika munthu zodzitetezera.

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti ndi chida luso ngati ndodo chimateteza.