Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa RSDLP. Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

Party, kuika ntchito yomasula proletariat kwa yokumba ndi makalasi parasitic, mwamwambo mapeto a XIX m'ma ankatchedwa Democratic Social. Komanso, chifukwa maganizo a Marxism anagona mabungwe ya phiko chosintha. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti "RSDLP" zikuphatikizapo sotsdekovskuyu chilinganizo, koma m'nyengo yoyambirira ya chitukuko nsanja chipani zinali zambiri zosiyanasiyana miyambo Marxism. Iwo saloledwa kuti akamagwiritsa zosiyana mitundu malamulo ndi yovomerezeka kulimbana uchigawenga. Mu ichi panali zolakwa, ndi nyota mnyamata Russian Party a Democrats Social.

Kupanga RSDLP

Kumapeto kwa 1895 iwo unalengedwa "Union of Kulimbana yomasulira kalasi ntchito", omwe ndi mgwirizano wa magulu Marxist kuti agwirire ntchito yawo. zaka pokhapokha atatu pamaziko a m'gulu anatha ntchito pulogalamu wamba chipani yolengeza pakutchulidwa chipani cha umodzi. Anayambitsa RSDLP anayamba Union nthumwi naini 'wa Kulimbana "ku St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev ndi akuluakulu a Bund (Ayuda Labor Union). Izo zinachitika pa chiyambi cha chochitika mu Minsk mu March chaka cha 1898.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo panali dzina. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti "RSDLP", zilembo zisanu, momveka analankhula za chikhalidwe chosintha wa bungwe la Social-Democrats mu slang andale wakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi kwakukulu Marxism.

"Iskra" ndi kugawanika woyamba losweka

Panapita zaka ziwiri ndipo chipanichi anasamuka zachitikadi kuchitapo kanthu. Kumapeto kwa 1900 anafalitsa Baibulo loyambirira la nyuzipepala "Iskra", lolembedwa ndi Lenin (Ulyanovym V. I.), mothandizidwa ndi Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod ndi Potresov. M'kupita kwa chiwindi wavumbulutsa zotsutsana kwambiri malowedwe athu kwa njira ya kubwera kalasi kulimbana. Akamanena za nkhondo anali poyerekezera ndi kulimbana malamulo ndi wololera kuti anali kupita mu ndondomeko yake, komanso chilango. Comrades kukangana, nthawi zina mawu, ndi chimodzi chimene sakanakhoza kubwera, ndi kugawanika anali akamayamba, ndi Mlengi wake anali Vladimir Ulyanov, adakali aang'ono (zaka makumi atatu) munthu ndi ndevu ochepa ndi maso moto. Iye anaumirira mofulumira, chosintha chiwonongeko maziko a "dziko lapansi lakale" ndi nzeru kukangana wakale munthu Plekhanov, mbadwa ya Russian Marxism.

Gawa ndi maonekedwe Bolshevism

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pamenepo, kubala palokha ngati chiyambi ziwiri Plekhanov, Lenin. Koma kanthu amakhala kwamuyaya. Kukambirana ndi zokambirana yekha chinakula mkangano, kuwapanga odana nafe, ndi pa II Congress funso anaikidwa mwachuchuchu, amene adzakonza zisinthe, oimira wa bourgeoisie kapena proletariat? Ndani adzakhala pambuyo kalasi hegemonic?

Lenin ndi gulu lake anakuvoterani olamulira ankhanza a m'kalasi ntchito, ndipo anapambana ndi ambiri a. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, bungwe chipani lidagawikana, kugawanika, decrypt RSDLP wakhala chimodzimodzi, koma malingana ndi umembala wa mmodzi wa magulu awiri anali wodzilemekeza bukovkoy chidule "b" kapena "mamita" m'mabokosi kuzungulira. Anthu amene ali II Congress anakuvoterani mokomera hegemony proletarian, anakhala Bolsheviks ndi mbali Plekhanov a - M'malo mwake, ndi Mensheviks.

Osachepera pulogalamu ndi pulogalamu pazipita - zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri Marxism Russian

Awa mavuto gulu sanaime kuti atenge pulogalamu akukhudzidwira, wopangidwa mwa magawo awiri (osachepera ndi pazipita). Pa wamng'ono kwambiri, pa kuvomereza sotsdeki Russian, ndi chiwonongeko cha dongosolo monarchist-eni malo, ndi bourgeois zisinthe, yogawa malo wamba (kwaulere) ndi makonzedwe a ntchito maola asanu ndi atatu ntchito tsiku. Ndipo m'tsogolomu aakulu kusintha wokulirapo m'njira amene proletarian amayenera kukhala wolamulira. Izi ndi pazipita, amene anali masamu ndi Bolsheviks. Komanso patsogolo chikhalidwe ganizo sanali mapulani awo.

Seventh Congress - Rubicon

Latha asiyane Bolsheviks ndi Mensheviks wachitatu, wachinayi ndi wachisanu RSDRP misonkhano. The Bolsheviks Mensheviks kwathunthu anachotsedwa mtsogoleri wa MCP mu 1907. Pa nthawi imeneyi, iwo anali kutilanga, cohesive, ndi kumuwombera wokangalika, ndi, makamaka, ndipo phiko asilikali, kutsogoza zinthu mobisa ndipo ali ndi njira zofalitsira nkhani. The Mensheviks chuma ngati sangathe kudzitama, imene kenako analipira.

Sotsdeki ndi nkhondo

Party RSDLP anapulumuka zachipolowe mkati pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Pa nthawi iyi, makonzedwe "mzere kutsogolo" Zinali zovuta, iye anali ndi Bolsheviks m'magulu waukulu atatu: internationalists, odana ndi nkhondo ndi dziko lawo. Kuti mulandu kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko lawo, ndipo Ndipotu, abale anga, muyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe wapadera munthu, si aliyense. Apa Plekhanov malire ndipo analephera. Lenin nacho icho.

Social-Democratic Labor Party pamene Russian angatchedwe kokha pa maziko malo. Bolshevik agitators linayesetsa yaikulu kutsimikizira asilikali kuti musamenyane dziko lawo, ndi fraternize ndi mdani n'kofunika, kupha atsogoleri awo. Chodabwitsa softness akuwonetseredwa yekha "wamagazi tsarist ulamuliro" kwa opanduka kugwidwa. Ndipotu, tsogolo la dziko la Lenin ndi anzake anali ndi chidwi mokwanira raved za ulimi dziko, amene ankaoneka kuti pafupi, koma kwenikweni sizinachitikepo.

Chifukwa RCP (B) anali VKP (b)

Pambuyo kulanda mphamvu m'chaka cha 1917, Bolsheviks maganizo kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe-demokalase kayendedwe, amene Nthumwi maganizo zochepa kwakukulu unachitikira ku mayiko ambiri, kusonyeza "precariousness". Malo a German, French ndi zina European Democrats Social kuti anaonetsa chokhumba kugwiritsa ntchito njira malamulo, mu zikafika poipa, kaphatikizidwe iwo ndi ntchito mobisa, ndi kufunafuna chigonjetso mwa Kukwezeleza owayimilira mu matupi a mphamvu mwa chisankho. njira Izi sakukhutitsidwa ndi Leninists, anazindikira kuti kwa anthu a kuthekera ufulu wosankha, iwo adzakhala chodziwikiratu kuti abwere kwa mphamvu, chifukwa ndi zopangidwa kulanda boma, kugonjetsa Provisional Government (kwambiri mfundo za mathamangitsidwe ake ndi chotheka, chifukwa analengedwa pa nthawi pamaso chisanko).

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa RSDLP idaleka kusonyeza akamanena za chipani, ndi kuti si lofanana ndi mayanjano ena, mu 1918, renaming izo zinachitika mu CPSU (Onse-Union Communist Party) ndi bukovkoy singasiyanitsidwe (b) kumapeto kuti palibe kukayikira munthu adzazunzidwa. Woyamba kalata achidule mpaka 1925 amatanthauza "Onse-Russian", ndipo pambuyo mapangidwe chipani USSR Onse-Union anakhala. Chotero chinakhala m'dziko limeneli mpaka 1952, omwe amalembedwa isanayambike wa okhwima Stalinist sosholisimu. Chaka chino ndinkakhala nalo ndi XIX Congress, limene CPSU (b) anadzatchedwa Gulu Communist, kale popanda zilembo zazing'ono m'mabokosi. Ilo linali dzina lotsiriza la Leninist phwando.