Chipangizo cha OSB: kuvulaza thanzi laumunthu

Nthawi yatha pamene zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi zachirengedwe - njerwa, miyala, mitengo - zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndi kukonzanso malo okhala. Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, ngakhale zipangizo zomangira zomaliza zinali zotetezeka ndipo sizinapangitse galamu limodzi lakayikira za kuloledwa kwa ntchito yawo. Tsopano makamaka pomanga zipangizo zamakono za kumadzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, masititi ndi matabwa. Ndipo ndilo mbale ya OSB, kuvulaza thanzi kuchokera ku ntchito yomwe imayambitsa zokambirana zotentha kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndi akatswiri.

OSB ndi chiyani?

OSB (chipboard chipangizo) ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe (nkhuni) mwa kukanikiza. Kuti apange mbale, gwiritsani ntchito kachigawo kakang'ono (tchipisi), kawirikawiri amatayika pambuyo popanga zipangizo zina zamatabwa zopangidwa ndi matabwa, ndi zida zapadera.

Muzipangizo zopangira zimaphatikizidwa ndi maginito ndi resin, pambuyo pake mbale ya kukula kofunika, makulidwe ndi kunja kumapangidwa.

Ngati pakugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka nkhuni zachilengedwe, n'chifukwa chiyani akuganiza kuti mbale ya OSB imawononga thanzi laumunthu? Zonsezi ndi zowonjezera zinthu, monga formaldehydes ndi mankhwala ena oopsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apangidwe bwino.

Mikangano ya mbale yamitengo

Choyamba, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mndandanda wawo umapezeka molingana ndi chidziwitso chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ntchito zowonongeka, ndipo ndizitsogoleredwa mwachindunji. Kuti mumvetsetse mapepala a OSB omwe ali owopsa kwa thanzi, muyenera kudziwa kusiyana kwake kwakukulu.

Iwo ali ndi mitundu inayi ndipo amadziwika ndi nambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 4, zomwe zimalongosola mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa slab ndi chinyontho chosagonjetsedwa ndi chokhazikika, chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti zingati zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga izo.

Choncho, OSB-1 imatsutsa kuchepa (zosakwana 20%) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuntchito. Chipangizo cha OSB-2 chimakhala chokhazikika, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira nyumba, zomwe zingakhale ndi katundu wokwanira, koma muzipinda zouma. Muzinyumba zambiri zamadzimadzi mbale zotere za OSB zimavulaza thanzi laumunthu. Mafuta a OSB-3 ndi OSB-4 ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kupirira poyerekeza ndi malo a chinyezi ndi katundu wambiri (15 ndi 12%, motero), koma kuchuluka kwa poizoni kumasulidwa ndi dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri.

Kuti mbaleyo ikhale yamphamvu, kuti asamane ndi damp, pakupangika kwake kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, kutuluka poizoni. Zomwe zimachitika mu phenols zopangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa a nkhuni sizikhala zochepa, ndipo wopanga akuyenera kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake. Kwa wogula ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbale yotchedwa E1 ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa nyumba. Koma kalasi ya OSB E2 ili ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oopsa, ntchito yake imakhala yokha ku nyumba zosakhala zogona kapena kuzimitsa kunja kwa nyumba.

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa amene amapanga?

M'dziko lathu, zimaonedwa kuti chilichonse chakumadzulo ndi chabwino, chokhazikika komanso chotetezeka. Ndipotu, simungathe kuweruza nthawi zonse. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti zogulitsa zili ndi zilembo zamtengo wapatali, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ndikutsatira. Pachifukwa ichi, katundu wa maiko a ku Ulaya, USA ndi Canada amasiyana ndi osowa.

Kuti mudziwe za chitetezo, m'pofunika kuti muwerenge zizindikiro zomwe zimatengedwa ndi mbale ya OSB. Kuvulaza umoyo waumunthu kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyerekezera zizindikiro ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito (mkati kapena kunja kwa chipinda).

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale m'mayiko a kumadzulo kuli zosiyana. Kukula kwafika pamwamba kwambiri kuti kutulutsa phenol-formaldehyde zinthu kumachepetsedwa.

Ku United States, Canada, ndi mwambo wokhazikitsa nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamakono, nthawi zambiri mbale ya OSB imakhala ngati khoma ndi magawo. Kuwonongeka kwa umoyo waumunthu kumawerengedwa, ndipo cholinga ichi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mkati ndi kunja.

Kotero mapepala oti aphimbe mapepala a nyumba, denga, pansi pake atakwanika, ali ndi nthiti yapamwamba ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Ku Ulaya, zitsanzo zoterezi sizinapangidwe, koma zimayang'anitsitsa mosamala kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale, kuletsa makalasi ena kumanga nyumba zogona.

Zotsatira za thupi

Ambiri akudabwa kuti chiopsezo cha OSB chikhoza kuchitanji ku thanzi laumunthu. Zotsatira za mpweya zomwe siziwoneka kwa diso, zotulutsidwa ndi izo, ndizovuta kwambiri.

Kutulutsa mpweya nthawi zonse ndi phenol kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa zambiri. Chigawochi ndi kagajeni kamene kakuipitsa machitidwe onse a thupi la munthu.

Kuwopsya pakhungu ndi m'mapapo opuma ndizo zizindikiro zoyamba za poyizoni ndi utsi woopsa. Nthawi zonse kukhala mu chikhalidwe choterocho kumayambitsa matenda aakulu a mtima, wamanjenje dongosolo, oncology.

Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Ndi bwino kumvetsera mkati mwa chipindacho, komanso zipangizo zomwe nyumbayo imamangidwira, ngati mamembala am'madera nthawi zambiri amadandaula chifukwa cha thanzi labwino, kunyoza, chizungulire, kuthamangitsidwa. Zonsezi zingakhale zizindikiro za poizoni ya phenol-formaldehyde. Choncho, nthawi zina chipangizo cha OSB chimayambitsa thanzi laumunthu.

Kuzindikiritsa zowonjezera phenol

Kuphunzira mwakuya kwa mpweya, komanso zinthu zamkati ndi zina zomwe zingakhale ndi zinthu zoopsa, zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri. Ntchito yawo ndi kutulutsa mankhwala a mpweya ndi zonyansa mmenemo.

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti ndi kutali kwambiri ndi mbale ya OSB nthawi zonse. Zomwe zili ndi phenol zikhoza kupezeka ngakhale mosatetezeka poyang'ana zinthu zoyamba. Zikhoza kukhala zinyumba, nsalu (ma carpets opangidwa ndi zipangizo zopanda zachirengedwe), zinthu zokongoletsera komanso zidole za ana.

Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wa malonda awo, opanga, maola, osadana njira iliyonse kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, choncho nthawi zambiri zinthu zotchipa zimadzaza ndi ngozi - izi ndizovuta.

Mmene mungachepetse zotsatira za zinthu zovulaza thupi

Ngati mbale ya OSB ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, m'pofunika kusankha zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, kumene kusungirako kachipangizo kameneka kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga. Njira zowonjezera zowatetezera zimapezeka ndipo zimakhala zosavuta ku njira iliyonse.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zikhazikiko. Kutentha kwakukulu kumawonjezera kutulutsa kwa fodya. Ndiponso, mlingo wa chinyezi mu chipinda ndi chofunikira. Phenol imasungunuka m'madzi, kotero pamene imanyowa, kumasulidwa kumawonjezeka. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali pazipinda zomwe madzi osefukira amatha, kapena kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mlengalenga.

Sikovomerezeka kuti tivale OSB ndi chipinda chopanda mpweya wabwino. Zilibe kanthu kuti nkhaniyo ndi yotetezeka motani, imatulutsanso zinthu zovulaza, ndipo ngakhale pang'onopang'ono zimakhudza thupi la munthu. Kuuluka nthawi zonse kungachepetse kukhalapo kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana m'mlengalenga kuti zikhale zovomerezeka.

Kodi pali mbale yotetezeka ya OSB?

Pa msika palibe-non-phenol mbale. Kodi pali vuto lililonse ku thanzi lake? Inde, n'zosatheka kuwonetsa zogulitsa zonse za mitengo. Pofuna kugwirizanitsa tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timapangidwira kuti zikhale zovuta, kusintha kwa nyengo sikungatheke.

Okonza ena, ndithudi, sagwiritsa ntchito formaldehyde ngati gawo la zomatira, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zinthu zina zomwe sizinaphunzire bwino ndi osayang'aniridwa mwaukhondo ndizobwino.

Mbali yodabwitsa ya mankhwala a mankhwala a gulu la phenols ndikuti amatha kuima kwa zaka zambiri. Momwe zimakhalapo pakakhala mpweya wautali kwa nthawi ndithu, kenako zimakhala zowonongeka, ndi phenols ndizosafunikira. Mankhwala amalowa mumlengalenga, kenaka n'kulowa m'thupi nthawi yonse ya mankhwalawa.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito

Momwe zimakhalira ndi poizoni ndi zoopsa ndi maofesi a OSB, ntchito yawo ikukulirakulira kunja ndi ku mayiko a CIS. Izi zimafotokozedwa mophweka.

Zopindulitsa zachuma, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta, kupirira kwazitsulo zopangira matabwa ndizofunika kwambiri. Ndi zinthu zina ziti zomwe nyumbayi ili nayo?

• Kusagwirizana - slabs suture makoma, pansi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito monga zakuthupi;
• Kukhalitsa - ngati kuikidwa bwino, OSB sichikuyendera chinyezi, kutupa, kutayika, palibe vuto kuti makoswe ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tiri mu mbale;
• Kuphweka pa zomangamanga - nkhaniyi ndi yosavuta kudula, imalumikiza, siili wolemetsa, choncho sizimafuna zipangizo zovuta komanso zodula zogulitsira komanso ntchito zina.

Zotsatira

Kuti ndifotokoze mwachidule, ndikufuna kudziwa: Kodi ndi zoona kuti mbale za OSB zili zovulaza thanzi? Sitikukayikira kuti nkhaniyi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, yang'anani mosamala yemwe ali ndi zifukwa ziti, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Koma, poyandikira nkhaniyo ndi udindo wonse ndi chisamaliro, n'zotheka kuteteza nyumbayo ku zotsatira zovulaza za formaldehyde. Umboni wa izi ndizochita zogwiritsira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndikuyamba kukula pakati pa omanga.