"Chiŵanda" Vrubel - wanzeru chilengedwe cha chi. Chiwanda mutu ntchito Mihaila Vrubelya

Ziribe kanthu momwe tanong'oneza koma amuna ambiri namatetule pa moyo wake anali kuyamikira. tikutha kuona m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, kuti m'mbuyomu anali kudwala kwambiri ndipo penapake zakutchire. Choncho, ambiri mapulani, ojambula zithunzi, ofufuza nzeru ndi olemba anali chitsanzo kwa nzika za manyazi. Ena mwa iwo anaphedwa, anthu ena anazunzidwa, ndipo ena mbisoweka palimodzi. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa yawo, onse wasintha kwambiri. Ndi "dothi", monga anaitanitsa anthu a ntchito za anthu aluso, lero amatchedwa mwaluso chowona, chimene chikuwoneka kuti kapena amene sangakwanitse kubwereza. Ntchito ndi osiririka, yolimbikitsa, ndipo nthawizina sitingapeze kutenga maso ake angwiro amenewa.

Mikhail Vrubel - wojambula wa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi makumi awiri zaka

5 (17) mu March 1856 mu kapitawo wamkulu banja anabadwa pang'ono Mikhail Vrubel. Pasanapite zaka zochepa chakhala wotchuka mu Russian Ufumu, ndipo Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya luso. Munthu wodziwa wasonyeza zotsatira zabwino zithunzi, kupenta, kukongoletsa chosema ndi zisudzo. Anali mwamuna Mipikisano faceted konse apuma pa n'kukhutira ake. Iye watipatsa dziko murals wapamwamba kuposa aliyense, mapanelo kukongoletsa, zojambula zodabwitsa ndi mafanizo buku. Vrubel kukhala munthu zovuta ndi wojambula. Ngakhale kuti aliyense athe kumasulira akamanena za zojambula wake kapena kumvetsa tanthauzo la zokhotakhota a ziboliboli wake.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, Michael ankakonda kujambula ndi kusangalala ndi zokongola wokongola paliponse. Pamene iye anali usinkhu wa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, bambo ake anaganiza kuti mnyamata ayenera kulowa malamulo mkhalidwe wa St. Petersburg University. Ngakhale Michael anali kwathunthu chidwi ndi sayansi ndi kupita kusukulu chifukwa cha chifuniro cha Vrubel, achikulire. Ankakonda nzeru za Kant, anapezeka zisudzo, mu kugwa m'chikondi ndi actresses zisudzo kukangana za luso ndi zonse adayandikira. Zonse zimene zinachitika kwa iye, anatulukira chinsalu cha.

Moyo wa wojambula wamkulu

zilandiridwenso Vrubel a amaganizira ndi chaka 1880. Nthawi imeneyi, Michael anaphunzira pa Imperial Academy of Tirhana na analenga katswiri wake woyamba. aphunzitsi onse aona utsogoleri ndi ulemerero mnyamata ophunzira ena. The watercolors woyamba, omwe anagonjetsa Academy lonse, anakhala "Piruyuschuyu Aroma" ndi "Kupereka mu Kachisi." Ndi maphunziro anali kusintha kuonekera mnyamata. Kuyambira losasamala, mphepo mnyamata anali ndi luso ndi wamphamvu. zojambula MA Vrubel kotero chidwi aphunzitsi ndi alendo wa Academy, kuti patapita kanthawi pulofesa Prakhov anaitanidwa Michael kuti Kiev. Iye anamuitana kuti ntchito kubwezeretsa mpingo St. Cyril a. Wrobel nawonso anavomera ndipo anayamba kujambula zithunzi. Adalenga murals chosasimbika, chosonyeza Virgin ndi Child, Cyril, ndi Athanasius Khristu.

Komanso, wojambula yaikulu imene zina zachidule anafuna kubwezeretsa a tchalitchi. Pomaliza, Michael ntchito mu Kiev pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndipo wakhala wanzeru kwambiri, molimbika anayamba talente yake kwa gawo lotsatira la ntchito. Pambuyo 1889 wojambula zinasintha ntchito yake, chomwe ndi chithunzi, zomwe kawirikawiri yotchuka amatchedwa "The Chiwanda Vrubel".

kudzagwira ntchito m'munda wa luso

Pafupi zaka zitatu ndi wojambula yaikulu pochita Tirhana na Timatheriyali. Nthawiyi amatchedwa Abramtsevo. Mwachidule, longosolani momwe ntchito Mihaila Vrubelya zotheka chifukwa cha kuphunzira zotsatirazi: iwo polojekiti Mammoth wapakamwa wa nyumba inamangidwa chosema "achilungamo mkango."

Lang'anani, chifukwa kupenta ambiri - ichi ndi dera lalikulu limene ntchito Mikhail Vrubel. zojambula wake ndi mtima wonse kuti aliyense ankanena mosiyana. A wojambula luso konse tcheru chirichonse kwa kukula ndi malamulo, analenga ndipo atapeza zotsatira moona kwambiri. Michael mu zaka mnyamata kale bwinobwino akuyang'anira ntchito yaikulu, monga makasitomala ankakhulupirira kuphedwa awo yapamwamba ndi kusala.

Vrubel ntchito ndi mabwana bwino za luso lawo ndi mapulani, mwa womwenso kunja Fedor Shekhtel. Pamodzi, opangidwa kuchokera ku lodziwika bwino Nyumbayi savvy Morozova. Tikumbukenso kuti Michael komanso nawo zisudzo, nawo kamangidwe ka ntchito ndi wina anafika pa ulendo ndi gululo a Russian payekha sewero la Mamontov.

Mikhail Vrubel anakonda ntchito za Lermontov, komanso dziko lauzimu ndi moyo wa fano lake. Iye anayesera kumutsanzira ndipo nthawizina kufotokoza maganizo, taivshiesya mu moyo wake pa lona zojambula za malire ake. Mihail Aleksandrovich anali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu ndipo anayesera kupereka aliyense ntchito yake tsoka, sichisinthasinthanso. Kuti chithunzi cha "Chiwanda" Vrubel bwinobwino Chili makhalidwe a romanticism, wozingwa ndi ambiguity. Ambiri luso okonda anayesa kuti afotokoze chomwe ndi chithunzi ichi, kodi tanthauzo izo amanyamula, ndi kuti ankafuna kupereka woyambitsa zikwapu izi.

"Chiŵanda" Painting

"Chiŵanda" Vrubel - chithunzi cha vutoli, amene adakali wokanayo zoipa. Mfundo zazikuluzo ndi munthu wolemekezeka limaimira mbali zabwino, koma sangachite chilichonse mphamvu za mdima. Adakali amapambana, iyo imakoka wopanda mphamvu ndi amalowerera iwo, zolinga zadyera zoipa. Apa, olemba ambiri Pali kufanana pakati Lermontov ndi Vrubel. Chiwanda choyamba - uwu ndiye mlengi wa zoyipa, koma kwa ana ake, ndi Mihail Aleksandrovich akudziŵa bwino. Iye amayesetsa kusonyeza kusiyana kwa mitundu pa lona, kuti aliyense amene anaona chithunzi yomweyo dyera anazindikira pamene choyipa, kumene wabwino. Kufotokoza, tiona kuti "Chiwanda" Vrubel - si kanthu koma mkangano pakati pa asilikali awiri: kuwala ndi mdima. Kumene, aliyense aganiza kuti wamphamvu, ndipo ena amanena kuti wolemba amakonda mphamvu za mdima.

Onani kuti ngwazi nazonso sanachite mantha, anataya mwamuna. Iye ndi wamphamvu, wamphamvu, wodzidalira, ndipo zochitika adzakhala sakanachitira mwina. The ngwazi ayenera kuganizira zimene zikuchitika. Kuchokera pamenepa, amakhala opanda mphamvu (chomwenso ndi malo amene likadali, - kukumbatirana mawondo ake). munthu sakufuna kukhala mu malo awa, koma sangachitire mwina, ndipo amatiyang'anira ngati pali ziwanda. Vrubel, nkuti, makamaka anajambula chithunzi pa lona yopapatiza. Choncho Subconsciously sanapereke malo ochuluka kuti zoyipa, ndiye chiwanda mwatcheru, ndipo pamenepa ndiye kuti ndi mantha. Kumene, mphamvu yake analamulira, wothinikizidwa. Tingaone zimenezi mu chithunzi pa minofu, kaimidwe ndiponso nkhope ya ngwazi ya. Iye anali atatopa, kutopa, maganizo ... Koma Vrubel kupangitsa wangwiro lathuli munthu.

Akamanena za "Chiwanda" mu ntchito Vrubel

Chiwembu, amene utoto Vrubel ( "ankakhala Chiwanda"), limafotokoza nkhani ya atatopa ndi kuthedwa nzeru. Komabe, wolemba amapereka moyo kwa chithunzi timibulu kuti kunyezimira mu chovala cha ngwazi za mitundu buluu ndi buluu. Mukhoza kuona malo a zidzasintha kuti ena angaoneke chodabwitsa, koma ndicho kukongola kwa izo. Cacikulu chithunzi "Chiwanda" Vrubel wodzazidwa ndi golide, wofiira, wofiirira ndi buluu malankhulidwe kuti kupereka tione chosiyana zinthu zosiyana kuyatsa. Ntchito ya Mikhail Aleksandrovich bwino imasonyeza kufunika ndi kukongola protagonist lapansi. Chiwanda ngakhale wowopsa, wamphamvu, koma zikuwoneka zabwino.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri, titero, akamanena za kupenta lagona pa tanthauzo lake. Ndipo ichi: chiwanda - chizindikiro cha zovuta, osalungama, dziko lenileni limene kugwa ndi kubwerera ngati zithunzi ndi. Ndi kuopa anthu a lero ndi mawa, amene sangathe kupeza njira mu moyo, kumene zoipa ndi chidani. Kufotokozera zojambula Wrubel "Chiwanda" mungazipeze magwero osiyanasiyana ndi mtengo wa fano lidzachitiridwa monga osiyana. Koma akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti wolemba ankatanthauza chisoni, nkhawa, amene zapiringizana chisoni ndi kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa kwa anthu ndi linakhalapo anapitiriza. Chinali mutu wa zojambula ndi ziboliboli, zimenezo, iye anagwira ntchito zaka wake wotsiriza wa zilandiridwenso. Mwina Choncho, Vrubel kupenta ndi chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri, kumlingo, nkhanza, koma chilungamo ndi olimbikitsa. zojambula ake ayambirire mwakuya awo ndi m'maganizo; ndi skilful posakaniza mitundu ndi maziko.

Mbiri ya "Chiwanda" zojambula

The kupenta, lomwe linalembedwa ndi Vrubel ( "ankakhala Chiwanda"), unakhazikitsidwa mu 1891. Ntchito linaonekera Mihail Aleksandrovich Lermontov anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane ntchito. Ena mwa ntchito zake, anasolola zithunzi zodabwitsa, mmodzi wa iwo, ndi chiwanda akusonyezera. The sewero analengedwa mu 1890 ndi ndendende 12 miyezi ntchito yatha. Only mu 1917 kupenta analowa m'nyumbayi. Patapita kanthawi iye anayamba kukopa tcheru, ndipo lero imatengedwa mwaluso. Ndipo kotero, motsogozedwa ndi ndakatulo Lermontov anafika kuwala kupenta "The Chiwanda". Komanso, Vrubel analembanso zodabwitsa zambiri zokhudza chipika izi. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti kusiyana kulemba awo - zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Palibe amene akudziwa chimene chinayambitsa resumption a ntchito, koma kupenta "ankakhala Chiwanda" sanali otsiriza. Iwo Pambuyo ntchito atsopano. Mu 1899, ndendende zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, inali kuperekedwa limodzi zambiri mwaluso kuti analenga Vrubel - ". Chiwanda zouluka"

ntchito unachititsa zosiyanasiyana maganizo anthu. kupenta anamaliza mbuye, amene bwino dongosolo lawo zojambula. Komanso zinasonyeza mbali yaikulu, koma ndi mapiko. Choncho, wolemba ankatanthauza kuti moyo pang'onopang'ono koyera anagwidwa ndi mizimu choipa ndi choipa. Chiwanda akufotokozedwa pa chinsalu ndi momveka bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo anangotengeka. Iye amayesetsa kuti chimulikhwire ngwazi, amene kale anayamba zikhumbo zake. Imange nthawi yaitali kusintha chilengedwe chonse, nthawi zonse tinkering ndi ena mwa maonekedwe a chitsanzo. Nkofunika kuti Vrubel umvetse kwenikweni amene chiwanda. Akukhulupirira kuti mdierekezi - ndi nyanga kuchenjerera cholengedwa, amatha kunyengerera munthu kumbali yake. Koma chiwandacho - kuti ali ndi mphamvu ndimphate moyo. Ndi yakuda, yomwe limaletsa munthu kulimbana kosatha kuti sinathe kaya kumwamba kapena padziko lapansi. Ndi izi ndipo akanafuna kuti akupereka Vrubel anthu. "Chiŵanda zouluka" - khalidwe oipa, amene kumakhala kovuta kuti anthu kusonyeza maganizo ndi kukhala pa mbali zabwino, kapena kuti chilungamo, moona mtima, oyera mtima ndi m'maganizo.

chiwanda nkhawa

Mu mndandanda otchuka ntchito zoyenera ndakatulo Lermontov, nayenso chionekera ndi kupenta "Chiwanda nkhawa". Vrubel anamaliza mu 1902, ndipo iye anali womaliza pa nkhaniyi. Ntchito zichitike mafuta pa lona. Chapansipansi wolemba anatenga mapiri, zomwe chimaonetsedwa atakalamba chofiira. Pa inu mukhoza kuwona yopapatiza chithunzi chiwanda monga sandwiched pakati chimango milimo. Kale lonse chithunzicho ntchito pa zojambula wake kotero kutifotokozera ndi zoterezi yonse. Chiwanda nkhawa - ndi chimake cha zoipa ndi kukongola pa nthawi yomweyo. Pamene ntchito pa kanema, Mihail Aleksandrovich adadzonga yekha. Iye anayesera kusonyeza zosatheka anafuna kusonyeza sewero ndi nkhondo aliko. nkhope Vrubel pa ntchito zikusintha, ngati adaona zidutswa latsopano filimuyo, anataya ndi kusokonezedwa m'chikumbukiro chake. Nthawi zina wojambula akanakhoza ngakhale kulirira intaneti, kwambiri ankaona kuti. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti Lermontov analemba Mabaibulo asanu a ndakatulo wake ndipo ankaganiza kuti palibe mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kuonedwa monga wathunthu. Iye anali akuyembekezera zimene zinali, iye anayesetsa kuti akupereka owerenga zimene iye sanadziwe mpaka kumapeto. Padziko chinthu chomwecho chinachitika kwa Vrubel. Iye ankafuna kudziwa chinachake kuti ndinalibe lingaliro, ndipo nthawi iliyonse, akamaliza kupenta, wojambula anapeza zolakwika ndipo anayesetsa kusintha.

Ndipotu, fano la coipa amapezeka ntchito, zomwe anayambitsa dziko Vrubel. Kufotokozera chithunzi "Chiwanda nkhawa" inali yakuti mu mapeto protagonist Umapeza mizimu yoipa. M'mawu ena, aliyense akhoza kulimbana okha ndi zonse ntchito pa okha, kukulitsa luso lawo, kukhala ndi zawachitikira dziko mumtima mwake. Choncho Mihail Aleksandrovich anapereka maganizo ake za ziwanda ndi zoipa lonse lapansi: n'zotheka kupambana, ndipo ngakhale kulimbana izo!

Penti "Chiwanda nkhawa" Vrubel utoto kalembedwe lapadera: nkhope Krustalo, zikwapu mosabisa kuti anaphedwa ndi mpeni phale.

matenda aakulu ziboliboli

Mwatsoka, "Chiŵanda" Vrubel sanam'bweretsere chilichonse chabwino kuti chithunzicho. Iye kwambiri zinapatsira ndi izo, chisoni kwa anthu onse pansi, kuganizira za moyo ndi zinthu zina nthanthi kuti pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutayika kwenikweni. Chithunzi chotsiriza Vrubel - "Chiwanda nkhawa" (otsiriza ija lolembedwa pa ndakatulo Lermontov a) - anali mu Moscow zomera ndipo anali wokonzeka kuonetsa. M'mawa uliwonse, chithunzicho anabwerera ndi kudzudzula mfundo za ntchito yawo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti anali mbali imene anatchuka kwambiri Mikhail Vrubel: zojambula zake ndinaganiza ndendende, kotero anali angwiro.

Pamene ankalemba woyambitsa ozungulira ndi kukhulupirira kuti anali matenda a maganizo. Patapita kanthawi, matenda udatsimikiziridwa. Vrubel anamutengera kuchipatala cha anthu amisala ndipo anawatsimikizira banja lake kuti ali mu mkhalidwe chisangalalo wosangalala monyanyira. Data za kuwonongeka kwa matenda ake anali anatsimikizira. Mihail Aleksandrovich ina ananena kuti iye ndi Khristu, akunena kuti Pushkin; nthawi zina anamva mawu. Chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu, chinapezeka kuti mantha dongosolo wathyoka wojambula.

Vrubel anadwala mu 1902. Motero, iye anapezeka ndi chindoko ukachenjede. Author zinthu chachilendo kwambiri mu zaka izi. Choyamba, kupeza matenda, iye anatumizidwa ku chipatala Svava-Mogilevicha ndiye kuwapititsa ku chipatala Serb patapita nthawi anamutumiza Usoltsev. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala sizinathandize Vrubel M'malo mwake, chikhalidwe anakula, ndipo anakhala kotero achiwawa kuti sadzachitanso anali anamwino anayi. Patatha zaka zitatu, kusintha mu njira zabwino sizinachitike, matenda anakula. Pa nthawi imeneyo, maso a ziboliboli anawonongeka mofulumira, ndipo pafupifupi sakanatha kulemba, lomwe ndi lofanana amputation wa manja kapena mapazi. Komabe, Mihail Aleksandrovich anali akutha kumaliza chithunzi Bryusov, ndiye wakhungu kwathunthu. Mu chipatala cha Dr. Bari wojambula anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake. Iye anafa mmisiri luso, amazipanga wanzeru, moona ndi munthu wokoma 1910.

Mitu Timagalasi Vrubel

Ndipotu, chithunzicho analembera zenizeni nthawi chithunzi chake. Vrubel akuonetsedwa kayendedwe, intrigue, chinsinsi ndi chete. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito kugwirizana ndi ndakatulo Lermontov a "The Chiwanda", wojambula anakhazikitsa dziko kwa katswiri wina wa luso. Zikuphatikizapo kupenta "Hamlet ndi Ophelia," "Bakuman pa maziko a ku Perisiya makalapeti", "wam'bwebwe", "Hercules", "Mikula Selyaninovich", "Prince Guidon tsekwe Mfumukazi", komanso ena ambiri. Mu ntchito iyi, inu mukhoza kuwona mwanaalirenji, chikondi, imfa, chisoni, ndi perishability. M'zithunzi chithunzicho anaphedwa nkhani Russian, Pakati wotchuka kwambiri "tsekwe Mfumukazi", wolembedwa mu 1900. Komanso ntchito lowopsya ankaona ntchito monga "Mngelo ndi chofukizira ndipo Kandulo", "Mwa Night", "Pan" ndi zithunzi zambiri umunthu wotchuka.

mwanjira imodzi kapena ina, anthu onse sizidzakumbukiridwa mwaluso kuti anapanga Mikhail Vrubel - "Chiwanda", komanso chipika dongosolo kugwirizana ndi ndakatulo ya wolemba Russian, chosonyeza maganizo, maganizo ndi nkhani ya munthu wamba, zimene zimatenga zoipa ndi kuperekedwa, udani ndi nsanje. Ndipo, ndithudi, mndandanda wa ntchito izi amaoneka zithunzi zina.

Wrobel ndi ziwanda zake

Wotchuka ndi luso Vrubel anapita imasonkhezera, amene chimamulimbikitsa kulemba kupenta "The Chiwanda", pamene adali mu Moscow. Sikuti ndakatulo Lermontov inakhala maziko a chilengedwe cha katswiri, komanso chilengedwe: kuuma, nsanje, anthu chamanyazi. A bwenzi wabwino wa Mikhail Alexandrovich - Savva Mamontov - analola chithunzicho kutenga nthawi ya situdiyo wake. Onani kuti ndi ulemu wa munthu uyu yowala ndi odzipereka Vrubel mwana wanga.

Pa siteji koyamba, Mihail Aleksandrovich sankadziwa mmene kuwonetsera chiwanda, ndi mwandondomeko ndi imene amati ndi munthu. Chithunzi m'maganizo mwake yosokoneza ndi chofunika kuyengedwa, kotero tsiku lina iye anangokhala pansi ndipo anayamba experimenting, nthawi zonse kusintha chilengedwe chonse. Malinga chithunzicho, chiwandacho anali chimake cha kuvutika ndi munthu chisoni. Koma iye anaganiza otchuka ndi amphamvu. Monga taonera, kuti chiwanda Vrubel sanali mdierekezi kapena satana, anali cholengedwa wogwira moyo wa munthu.

Atalipenda ntchito Lermontov ndi Blok, Vrubel okha kukhulupirira zoti Yesu maganizo ake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Mihail Aleksandrovich reworked chithunzi chiwandacho tsiku lililonse. Pa masiku ena iye anajambula otchuka wake, wamphamvu ndi losagonjetseka. Nthawi zina kukhala zoopsa, oopsa, wankhanza. Ndiko kuti, nthawizina wolemba chidwi ndi zina naye. Koma aliyense chithunzi mu mawonekedwe a chiwanda panali chisoni, ndi zapadera. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha fictitious otchulidwa wake Vrubel ndipo posakhalitsa anafika ku malingaliro. Iye bwino ankaimira iwo ndi zinapatsira ndi chuma chawo kuti pang'onopang'ono anali kutaya yekha. Inde, pamaso wojambula ananyamula ntchito chachiwiri - "Chiwanda zouluka" - anawamvera chachikulu ndi changwiro zojambula luso lake. zojambula ake akhala mantha, ya chifuniro cha chibadwidwe, wapadera.

Pa cithunzithunzi lachitatu uli wangwiro - "Chiwanda nkhawa" - Mikhail Alexandrovich osiyana kumachita mantha. Dziwani kuti iye anali woyamba amene anaphwanya lamulo loletsa pa zithunzi za mizimu yoipa pa chinsalu cha. Ndicho chifukwa amisiri onse amene utoto ziwanda, anafa posachedwa. N'chifukwa chake otchulidwa deta kuti oletsedwa. anthu onse amakhulupirira kuti "kusewera ndi moto", mu nkhani iyi, ndi mdierekezi, inu simungakhoze. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi ambiri zochitika zifukwa zina. Ambiri amanena kuti ndi chifukwa cha kuphwanya lamulo limeneli mphamvu za mdima kulangidwa Vrubel azilephera iye chifukwa. Koma zinali zoona, akhala chinsinsi. Ndipo munthu aliyense akhoza kulenga masomphenya awo kulenga namatetule wa zojambulajambula ndi zilembo zake, kukulitsa mtima wawo pamaso pa iwo. chinthu chimodzi momveka bwino: nzika osankhidwa Vrubel, nthawi zonse panopa. Ndipotu, kwakhala ndipo padzakhala nkhondo pakati pa chabwino ndi choipa, kuwala ndi mdima, okongola ndi lamkunkhuniza, lapamwamba ndi lapansi.