F.M. Dostoevsky, "Ziwanda" - chidule cha ntchitoyi

Masalmo okondweretsa kwambiri, omwe Dostoevsky adalenga, ndi ziwanda mosiyana, omwe ali ndi zolinga zosiyana. Iwo samangoganizira kanthu kalikonse kuti akwaniritse zolinga ndipo amakhala akukhudzidwa kale ndi izi.

Pakatikati pa bukuli ndi tawuni yamapiri. Monga wolemba nkhani komanso wochita nawo zochitika, wolemba nkhani dzina lake Mr. Appears. Iye akuwuza nkhani ya Stepan Verkhovensky, yemwe anapanga mgwirizano wamaponi ndi mkazi wotchuka Varvara Stavrogina. Zonsezi zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Dostoevsky. "Ziwanda" (zomwe zili mu ntchito zitha kupezeka mulaibulale iliyonse) zimatsindika mwatsatanetsatane zovuta za mkhalidwewo.

Verkhovensky, akulalikira "gawo lachikhalidwe," pang'onopang'ono amawona kuti achinyamata omwe ali ndi malingaliro odzipereka amasonkhana pozungulira iye. Anali msilikali amene anabweretsa zambiri mwazolembedwa m'bukuli. Poyamba, anali wodabwitsa kwambiri, koma tsopano akhoza kusewera makadi komanso osasiya mowa, izi zikutsindika bwino ndi Dostoevsky. "Ziwanda" zinachokera ku Verkhovensky, mwini walingaliro.

Mzindawu ukuyembekezera kubwera kwa Nikolai Stavrogin, mwana wa Varvara, yemwe ndi nkhani zabodza ndi zokambirana. Zimadziwika kuti, atachita mavuto ambiri mumzindawu, adafotokozera mavuto ake onse ndi chiwindi choyera, kenako adathamangitsira kudziko lina. Varvara akudandaula kuti Nikolai akupereka chizindikiro kwa Daria Shatova, yemwe ndi wophunzira wa Stavrogina.

Pofanana ndi izi, Varvara Petrovna akufuna kuti mwana wake akhale mwamuna wa Liza Tushina, chifukwa chake akukonzekera kupereka chitsigo kwa Stepan Trofimovich, yemwe ndi wothandizira wake. Verkhovensky amakhumudwa, koma amalingalira momwe angachitire Daria. Chisokonezo ndi kusowa thandizo zomwe Dostoevsky akuwonetsa, ziwanda mu moyo wa Stepan - zonsezi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yonse ya nkhaniyo.

Varvara Petrovna akuitanira Marya Lebyadkin, yemwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ngati Chilumala, chifukwa adalandira uthenga wosadziwika womwe unanenedwa kuti mkazi wolumala adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamoyo wa mkazi wabwino. Chifukwa chake, Trofimovich, Lisa, Daria, Lebyadkina ndi mbale wake amasonkhana m'nyumba imodzi. Msonkhanowu umasokonezeka ndi Nikolai, yemwe Varvara adadikirira osati kale kuposa mwezi umodzi.

Stavrogina akufotokoza ngati mwana wake wamwamuna anakwatira Lebyadkina, koma Nikolai samayankha funsolo ndipo amachoka ndi Marya. Verkhovensky akunena kuti Stavrogin anapangitsa mtsikana kukhala ndi lingaliro lalikulu ndipo tsopano akumuona kuti ndi wokondedwa wake. M'bale Mary akutsimikizira chirichonse. Shatov amapereka Stavrogin pamaso, koma iye sachita chilichonse pobwezera.

Nicholas adadzitsekera yekha m'chipinda ndipo masiku asanu ndi atatu palibe amene amavomereza. Woyamba m'chipinda chake ndi Verkhovensky ndipo amalengeza kulengedwa kwa gulu lachinsinsi. Stavrogin akuzindikira kuti Adventu akukumana ndi ngozi yaikulu ngakhale imfa.

Mwana wa Varvara akuuza bambo ake kuti adakwatirana ndi Lebyadkina ndipo amamuchenjeza za ngozi. Pambuyo pa zokambiranazi amapita kwa mchimwene wake Mary ndipo akunena kuti banja lake ndilo kwathunthu. Tsiku lotsatira likumakumbukiridwa ndi duel wa Stavrogin ndi Artemy Gaganov, amene amapereka mozizwitsa anthu ozunzidwa. Pakalipano, holide imakondweretsedwa mumzinda woperekedwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito.

Pulogalamuyi imathera ndi chisokonezo, komwe anthu okhala mumzindawu akuthamangira ku Verkhovensky. Pambuyo pa zochitika zambiri zoopsa, Stepan Trofimovich amapita ku St. Petersburg, kenako Varvara Petrovna, amene amamupeza akufa. Zochitika izi zinawonetsedwa mwachisoni ndi Dostoyevsky, ziwanda kuchokera ku moyo wa Verkhovensky zinathamangitsidwa kokha madzulo a imfa.

Pafupifupi anyamata onse a nkhaniyi akufufuzidwa, Nikolai Stavrogin amamutcha Shatov ku Switzerland, komwe akufuna kukhala naye nthawi yaitali komanso mosangalala. Kalatayo imagwera m'manja mwa Varvara Petrovna, koma mwadzidzidzi zimadziwika kuti Nikolai anadza ku Skvoreshniki. Amapita kumeneko, koma amafika mochedwa kwambiri. Mwina ntchito yovuta kwambiri imene Dostoyevsky adalenga ndi "Ziwanda", chidule cha zomwe zingalimbikitse owerenga kutsegula bukhu ili.