Chiwerengero cha Irkutsk ndi mphamvu zake kwa zaka zambiri. Tsankho gulu la mzindawo

Irkutsk - waukulu kwambiri Siberia, yomwe ili makilomita 60 kuchokera wotchuka Baikal. ndi anthu Irkutsk chiyani? Mmene papita zaka? Anthu a mitundu ina ndi mitundu okhala mumzinda uwu lero?

Irkutsk: anthu ndi madera

Irkutsk - lalikulu East Siberia mzinda pa magombe a Angara Mtsinje. Izi ndi zofunika maphunziro likulu la dziko ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipilala chikhalidwe ndi kamangidwe kake. Irkutsk - mzinda mbiri. mbali chapakati posachedwa angawonjezere mndandanda wa UNESCO World Heritage Site.

mzinda chimakwirira kudera la makilomita lalikulu 277. Chiwerengero cha Irkutsk anthu - m'ma 625 zikwi anthu (monga la 2016). Choncho, kachulukidwe anthu mu mzinda ndi 2250 anthu. / Sq km m'deralo.

Umakhala pafupi ndi mzinda ena awiri: Shelekhov ndi Angarsk. Pamodzi ndi Irkutsk nawonso otchedwa Irkutsk agglomeration, mmene anaikira 40% ya chonse cha anthu a m'deralo. Agglomeration anayamba kutuluka mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu Irkutsk ndi mizinda iwiri Kanema wa anthu miliyoni 1.1.

mzinda Administrative lagawidwa anayi Kupititsa mayunitsi - zigawo (Sverdlovsk, Oktyabrsky, Leninsky ndi Bank Kumanja). Anthu ambiri chigawo cha Sverdlovsk. Kuli anthu oposa 200 zikwi.

Kodi kusintha anthu a mumzindawo?

Irkutsk anakhazikitsidwa mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira "mabuku mlembi" kwa 1686, anthu omwe anali oyamba mumzinda akhala anathaŵa malo osiyanasiyana a ufumuwo. Mwachitsanzo, mwa iwo anali Muscovites, anthu Ustyug, Pinega, Yenisey, Pskov, ndipo ngakhale Chiyukireniya wina. Mu chaka chatha ya atumwi XVII chiwerengero cha Irkutsk anthu kale anakwana anthu 1000.

Chifukwa malo ake Hrs, mzinda adakula anayamba mofulumira kwambiri. Mu pakati pa XIX atumwi ku Irkutsk, panali pafupifupi 25 zikwi anthu, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma zomwezo, anthu kuwirikiza kawiri. The kulumpha pazipita mu chiwerengero mu Irkutsk unkachitika mu 30 ntchentche za m'ma XX. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mzinda "wabweza" 20 zikwi anthu pachaka.

Chiwerengero pazipita mzinda chinalembedwa mu 1991 - 641 000 anthu. Kwa mavuto amene '90s ndi zaka eyiti cha zaka chikwi zatsopano, iye anakana. Koma kuyambira 2009 chiwerengero cha Irkutsk ikukula bwinobwino.

Tsankho gulu la Irkutsk

City nthaŵi zonse m'malo wosanganiza dongosolo mtundu wa anthu ake. Ambiriwo ambiri Irkutske dziko mu Russian (85%). Iwo kenako Buryats, limene pali oposa 2%. mitundu, amene manambala mu Irkutsk anthu oposa 2,000 - Ukrainians, Chitata, Chikigizi, Azerbaijanis ndi Armenia.

Zitsulo anaonekera mumzinda 1860s lapansi. Ena mwa iwo anali ambiri asayansi luso ndi kanjedza chikhalidwe. Ndi ndalama za m'dera Polish ku Irkutsk ndi wokongola Wachiwiri-Gothic tchalitchi njerwa zofiira inamangidwa 1881. Mpaka lero, mzinda ali Polish likulu la chikhalidwe chawo "mwala."

A chizindikiro chachikulu pa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha mzinda anachoka m'madera awiri mitundu - Ayuda ndi Zitsulo. Mu pakati pa XIX m'ma Irkutsk unakhazikitsidwa Ayuda njuchi kwambiri. Iwo chogwiritsira atakhazikika mu msewu amakono Karla Libknehta. Irkutsk Ayuda makamaka kuchita malonda, mafakitale ndi mankhwala. Mwa njira, ichi ndi komwe ankakhala ndi ntchito wotchuka maso, pulofesa chiyambi Ayuda ZG Franz Kamenetz.