Leaf: ntchito kufotokoza ndi dongosolo. Nchito ya mitolo mtima mu masamba

Kudya ndi kupuma - Nchito ofunika amenewa amatha masamba a zomera. Mipesa ndi cacti, udzu ndi maluwa madzi - wina wa zomera kupereka maganizo wapadera wa masamba.

Mapepala - lateral mbali mphukira pa

Kupulumuka kwa mbewu iliyonse zikuphatikizapo mbali ofananira - tsinde, amene anaphatikiza pepalalo - gawo lateral. dongosolo Ichi chizathandiza pepala ndi kusunga malo yabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi dzuwa. The mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa masamba chimadalira pa malo a mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, zomera lonyowa malo achilengedwe masamba ndi masamba lalikulu tsamba kwa kwambiri ndondomeko madzi evaporation. Ngati mbewu imamera m'madera ndi nyengo youma, chinyezi panalibe chifukwa kutaya. Choncho, masamba a zomera adzakhala wamng'ono ndi woonda. Ndicho mwanzeru chikhalidwe analenga mndandanda, amene chalakwika zofunika nyama ndi zomera.

Komanso, masamba ena akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Onse arrowhead wodziwika mu madzi riboni ngati mawonekedwe a masamba. M'pofunika kuti thupi sakanakhoza kupweteka otaya amphamvu a madzi. Pamene madzi sakhala ndi masamba ena kufa m'malo awo kukula muvi zooneka masamba. photosynthesis pamwamba ndi lalikulu kwambiri, choncho, mwayi wa zomera kupulumuka ndinasintha kuchuluka.

kapangidwe kunja

Pepala tichipeza lamina ndi tsinde, ndi amene Ufumuyo tsinde la. Ena masamba mosatsata tsinde ndi malo amakonda akutumikira monga m'munsi mwa tsamba tsamba. masamba amatchedwa sessile.

Aliyense tsamba tsamba ali ndi njira yake ya dismemberment. Choncho, yosalala konsekonse masamba a msondodzi, thundu - pinnatilobate ndi dandelion - pinnatipartite. Aliyense bwino palmate masamba a mgoza ndi trifoliate clover.

kapangidwe mkati

zomera ntchito tsamba zogwirizana ndi peculiarities wa matabwa ake mkati. Kunja ndi moyo kupatula minofu - khungu. Iwo amateteza pepalalo. ntchito kagayidwe kachakudya, evaporation wa madzi ndi mpweya kuwombola amachita stomata - apadera nyumba khungu. Iwo ndi kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke kuti akhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa malinga ndi zosoŵa za ndondomeko mwamphamvu.

Zambiri za pepala wodzazidwa ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll ndi kusunga zimakhala. Iwo amalenga masitolo misa madzi ndi yankho la zakudya ndipo akuchita njira yovuta ya photosynthesis.

Mayamwidwe ndi kayendedwe ka zinthu - ntchitozo tsamba zomera kupereka nsalu conductive. Iwo amakhala ndi xylem, zida ndi tracheids umene umachitika m'mwamba panopa. Wina wofanana ndi phloem, ndi udindo zosiyana mankhwala apano - kunsi. Pambuyo shuga zonse zinabala mu masamba likuvutika dzuwa mphamvu, ndi koyenera kuti ziwalo zonse zomera, kuphatikizapo muzu.

Popeza kuti chiwalo zovuta monga ntchito za chuma pepala amanyamula otsutsana, zinthu conductive a dongosolo ake anasonkhana mu mitolo.

nyumba izi okutidwa ndi zinthu za zimakhala makina ndipo pamodzi kupanga mitolo fibrovascular. Amangomutcha iwo mitsempha.

Chifukwa dongosolo lino, matabwa conductive mu masamba ntchito ngati nthumwi za kayendedwe, ndi zothangatira ndi makina.

venation

mitolo awa mtima Tingaone ndi apoyera. Pa mbale pepala iwo kupanga wapadera chapadera, monga Fingerprints anthu. Pano pali ntchito ina ya mtengo uli masamba.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya venation. Net mosavuta anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo kwa mitsempha yaikulu imene achoke ang'onoang'ono, kupanga mauna. Ndithudi onse chithunzi ichi pa masamba a maula, apurikoti kapena chitumbuwa.

Lily ndi tirigu masamba woonda, zimayambira zomwe zili pafupi wina ndi mnzake. mtundu wotchedwa yomweyi. Koma mitsempha ya masamba Kakombo wa Mchigwa ngati Arc - ichi ndi Arc venation.

Kaya mtundu wa dongosolo la mitolo mtima mu masamba kutumikira monga, popanda zomwe zomera adzakhala sangathe.

mitundu ya masamba

masamba komanso m'magulu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha masamba tsamba. Mwachidule amatchedwa masamba mbale wina. Peach, maula, mapulo, lungwort - izi ndi zitsanzo za zomera ndi masamba mophweka. Pawiri masamba ndi mthethe, mtedza, nyemba. Iwo amakhala ndi masamba angapo tsamba kuti amagwira kwa petiole chomwecho.

ndi ntchito ya pepala chiyani

Ndi masamba mwina vegetative kafalitsidwe. Kwenikweni chake ndi kuwasiyanitsa lonse chamoyo gawo multicellular. Kunyumba, kotero inu mukhoza kuchulukitsa kapena violet Zigokaktus.

Zofunika kwa zomera ndi transpiration - ndondomeko evaporation wa madzi. Ngati sizichitika, mbewu chamoyo afa. Popeza kutentha kwa chilengedwe mkati mwa mamembala onse a ufumu chomera amadalira kutentha yozungulira, n'zosavuta overheat.

Masamba ena zomera amatha mutate. Choncho, mtola tinyanga kuonetsetsa kuphatikana ake thandizo olimba, nkhadze spines kutetezedwa ku imfa kwambiri chinyezi, minofu masamba a Aloe Vera kotunga madzi ndi zakudya.

Green pepala: mapulaneti mfundo za

mbali Komanso wa pepala ndi awiri osiyanitsidwa ndondomeko - photosynthesis ndi kupuma.

Kupuma - mayamwidwe mpweya ndi mpweya wa gasi. Ndi chikhalidwe koyenera kuti kuli zamoyo zonse ndi khalidwe kwa anthu a pafupifupi maufumu onse a chilengedwe.

Photosynthesis - mapangidwe zinthu organic ku zochita kupanga chifukwa mphamvu ya kuwala. Zimenezi angayambe yekha mu masamba, popeza muli wobiriwira pigment chlorophyll. Pakuti kukhazikitsa liyenela carbon dioxide, amene anamasulidwa mu kuchuluka okwanira pa kupuma. A anapanga zimam'patsa shuga ndi mpweya ndi dzuwa.

Popanda kukokomeza, ife tingakhoze kugwirizana kuti pepala wobiriwira ndi fakitale weniweni umene umabala osati mankhwala okha, komanso amapereka zonse pa dziko lathuli, Nzofunikira moyo.