Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England: zimayambitsa, tsiku, zotsatira za

Kusinthaku ku Europe - ndi umoyo-andale ndi achipembedzo gulu zomwe zinachititsa kuti yopuma ndi Mpingo wa Katolika ndi chilengedwe cha mfundo wachibadidwe latsopano motsimikiza. Komanso, nthawi imeneyi zinafuna ndi kusokonekera kwa umwini dziko, kupanga kalasi otchedwa otchuka kwatsopano ndi kusinthidwa chikhalidwe khalidwe lonse la mayiko Western European.

ANAKULIRA chodabwitsa

Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England kunali kupitiriza mumaganiza kale n'zimene zikuchitika m'mayiko ena a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. chakuti mu Germany m'zaka za m'ma XVI, ambiri chiphunzitso cha Martina Lyutera , ndipo analenga latsopano, Lutheran mpingo, umene unali zimasiyana kwambiri ndi Chikatolika. angapo a mbiri yakale amakonda kukhulupirira kuti kusintha anali ndi zifukwa kwambiri ndi zachuma. mfundo ndi yakuti mu nthawi iyi mchitidwe ndi mipingo lalikulu nzika ang'onoang'ono ndi bourgeoisie, ndi kukhala odzidalira ndi olemekezeka pafupifupi ankafuna kupeza maphukusi dziko. The ufumu, akusowa thandizo lawo anapita zingapo zoyezera kwambiri kwa katundu wa agulupa ndi mpingo chuma n'kuzipereka kwa otsatira ake.

Zifukwa kusintha mu dziko

Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England ayenera kutengedwa ngati mbali ya makhalidwe a chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma, ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe. dziko Aka kanali koyamba kuti phazi pa njira ya ntchito capitalist chitukuko. Ndi apa kuti anayamba oyamba yogwira makina yopanga, kuyambitsa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo luso, zimene zinapangitsa kuti chitukuko mofulumira makampani ndi malonda. N'chifukwa chake mu boma m'banda anapanga wosanjikiza wa bourgeoisie ndi amalonda amene anali ndi chidwi kopindulitsa ndi phindu.

mfundo iyi latsopano walandira ambiri kwambiri ndipo ngakhale patapita nthawi mothandizidwa ndi ufumu. Chifukwa china chimene zonsezi atasintha - n'chakuti m'dziko sizinachitikepo anayamba absolutism. Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England ayenera kugwirizana ndi mfundo yomaliza: mafumu n'kofunika thandizo la bourgeoisie ndi anthu otchuka watsopano, amene akhala pankhani ya zachuma ndi chikhalidwe mphamvu, kotero kuti sanathe ananyalanyaza.

Zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa mfumu yatsopano

Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England, Ming'oma zoyambirira za m'ma XVI. Iwo unali kale kukhwima prerequisites zokwanira kusintha kwakukulu muzochitika zones za moyo. Komabe, apa tisaiwale kuti m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya kale anayamba kupanga mpingo watsopano, ngakhale kuti boma la Catholic anali wosamala kwambiri wayesetsa kuchibisa. Zikamera wa Kukonzanso unayamba ndi mfumu yatsopano ya Tudor mafumu. Henry VIII wa, anakwera wachifumu, poyamba anathandiza Chikatolika ndipo ngakhale analemba papa odzipereka kapepala Poteteza chikhulupiriro. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti olemba anali mwadzina ndi kuti lemba ali kudzathandiza lake lapamtima Thomas More. Komanso, Mfumu anakwatira Ekaterine Aragonskoy, amene udzayesedwa azakhali Woyera wa Chiroma Mfumu Charles V. Iye anathamangitsa lamulo rapprochement ndi Chikatolika France: mawu, kuchiyambi kwa ulamuliro wake unali wotchuka ndi kuthandiza Chikatolika. Koma posakhalitsa, Henry VIII mwadzidzidzi anasintha, chifukwa kuti anali kusintha kwambiri pa chitukuko komanso umoyo ndi zachuma ndale.

mavuto banja

Ndi kale anafotokoza kuti dziko ali okhwima zifukwa kwambiri ndi kwambiri kusintha muzochitika zones za moyo. The bourgeoisie ndi anthu otchuka watsopano anafuna kuti atenge dzikolo mchitidwe ndi matchalitchi amene zoona, zinayambitsa m'chiwembucho. Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England, tsiku la zomwe kawirikawiri amatanthauza 1534, ndi chifukwa Komabe, zinthu zina. Mfundo yakuti Mfumu anafuna kusudzula mkazi wake chifukwa iye sanapereke mwana wamwamuna, ndipo pambali pa izo anali wamkulu kwambiri. Kuti izi Chinawonjezeka midzi ina boma zifukwa munthu: Henry chibwenzi ndi Anne Boleyn, amene ankafuna ukwati.

Zosagwirizana ndi Rome

Chiyambi cha Katolika ku England, komwe tsiku ndi umafananirako ndale mkati mwa Mfumu, anali chifukwa cha kutsogolera mwangwiro kunja, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mavuto mu mgwirizano pakati pa boma ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika. Malinga ndi malamulo a nthawi kulola chisudzulo akanakhoza kokha papa. Ndi kumufunsa Henry pa chilolezo lithe. Komabe, papa anakana. chifukwa chinali chifukwa chakuti iye anali pansi pa ulamuliro wathunthu wa Charles V, amene anali mwana wa mchimwene wa Ekateriny Aragonskoy. Pamenepo mfumu okwiya analengeza kuti sanalinso umamumvera Papa ndi kulengeza ufulu wa Church of England.

Kusintha kasamalidwe

Mwambo waukulu European chinali chiyambi cha Katolika ku England. 1534 pa nkhani imeneyi kunasintha: zinali mfumu inaika Act wa mphamvu, amene analengeza iye mutu wa mpingo wa Anglican. Izi muyeso Komabe, sizikutanthauza kukonzanso kwakukulu zakayendesedwe ka mpingo monga makamaka anakhudzidwa yekha amaudindo chapamwamba cha dongosolo, pamene m'munda anapitiriza kukhala chipangizo chomwecho monga kale. Komanso anapitiriza oyang'anira.

Luso mu gulu

The mafumu ndi kukonzanso mu England, sikuti kwambiri zimatsutsana, monga yakula Mwachitsanzo, mu France. Mosiyana, mu UK boma lokha wapanga chinthu choyamba kwa mavuto izi andale ndi achipembedzo. Ngakhale khama miyambo miyambo Catholic ndi oyang'anira, Henry VIII analamulira kufalitsa revenues zampingo. Komanso, ulamuliro ndi ufulu anaika ma Bishopi. Koma zimenezi zinali zambiri kwakukulu: Boma wapita pa kulandidwa katundu kumene kumakhala Amonke: zodzikongoletsera dziko. Last nthawi yaitali mu mosungiramo: iwo anagawanika pakati pa anthu olemekezeka, bourgeoisie watsopanowo.

mbali chosiyana

Features cha Katolika ku England anali motere: Choyamba, iyo limodzi ndi masoka aakulu, monga mu France kapena Germany (choyamba zaka zingapo anathyola Huguenot nkhondo, ndipo chachiwiri anayamba nkhondo ya chipembedzo ndi wamba nkhondo). Kachiwiri, ndale, chuma ndi achipembedzo kusintha kugwiridwa ndi ulamuliro wa mfumu. Mu munakwanisa kuona kuti pali kufanana ndi Germany mu angapo a akazembe komanso anathandiza chiphunzitso chatsopano. Komabe, mu England izo zinali kuchitika mu dziko lonse. Pomaliza, Reformation anatenga zolimbitsa kwambiri m'dzikoli. Malinga ndi akatswiri angapo a kum'tsogolera, Anglican Church watenga avareji, wapakatikati, malo pakati Chikatolika ndi Chiprotestanti. Mu England anakhalabe Miyambo ya Akatolika ndi oyang'anira.

Maganizo a anthu

Mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu mu mbiri ya m'mawa nthawi zamakono ndi Reformation ku England. Mwachidule za ubale ku mabwalo ake chikhalidwe, mukhoza lipoti zotsatirazi: ambiri bourgeoisie ndi anthu otchuka latsopano anavomera kusintha izi. Komabe, panali kusakhutira. Apulotesitanti panali iwo amene chofunika zina wosalira Church bungwe pa chitsanzo cha Chikalvini. Komabe, ena anaitana kubwerera ku Chikatolika. Mfumu mofanana anathamangitsa m'mbali zonse za chitsutso, motero kukonzanso mu dziko timayesetsa kukhala odziletsa ake. Komabe, amalimbikitsa kusintha kwambiri kwakukulu mpingo ukadali anakhalabe ndi ngakhale anapita kwa zaka za m'ma XVII udindo wake. Anayamba kutchedwa Oyeretsa, ndipo anali pansi mothandizidwa awo, ndipo uko kunali English bourgeois zisinthe mu ulamuliro wa Charles Ine Stuart.

Zotsatira za kusintha kwa Mpingo

Zotsatira za Reformation ku England akhala kwambiri za gulu ake umoyo-andale ndi achipembedzo. Kugawira dziko inalandidwa ku mchitidwe umenewu wa apamwamba latsopano ndi bourgeoisie, mfumu Choncho analengedwa mu nkhope zawo kufalikira. Choncho, dziko wapanga wosanjikiza anthu amene ali ndi chidwi kupitiriza kusintha ndi kuphatikiza la zokhazikika. Olemekezeka latsopano kusunga dziko ankalandira, ndipo kotero iwo onse pamodzi amapereka ulamuliro wa Elizabeth I, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Anne Boleyn, amene anatenga Inde pa kuteteza kusintha, amene anazindikira bambo ake.

China kukonzanso chilengedwe cha Anglican mpingo watsopano, chomwe chidakalipo mpaka lero. kusintha zolimbitsa chinathandiza kuteteza ake ndipo ngakhale yogawa, pamene mafunde kwakukulu kwambiri ataya angapo gulu lake.

Kupitiriza malamulo a Chiprotestanti chiyanjo

Zaka cha Katolika ku England, chimakwirira nthawi kuchokera 1534, pamene Henry VIII inakhazikitsa Act wa mphamvu, ndi mpaka 1603, pamene imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi, Elizabeth I, amene kwenikweni, kulimbitsa ndi phindu la bambo ake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu malamulo ake anapitiriza regent khanda mwana wake, Edward VI wa, omwe anali m'gulu lampatuko Chiprotestanti. Komabe, analamulira kwa nthawi yochepa, ndipo atafa anayamba kulamulira, mwana Genriha Mariya, yemwe anakhala ndondomeko pa kubweranso kwa Chikatolika. Iye anakwatiwa kwa Mfumu ya Spain, wochirikiza wa Chikatolika, ndi chiyambi cha kuzunzidwa kwa Achiprotestanti.

Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya Elizabeth I analengeza Inde kwa movomerezedwa ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano mu dziko. kutembenuka Henry anali malamulo, Chiprotestanti wakhala analengeza ngati chipembedzo cha boma, ndi kusintha kwa Chikatolika anali ukugwira woukira boma. Akatolika ankayenera kulipira misonkho kuposa Achiprotestanti. Motero, UK potsiriza anatsimikizira kukonzanso ya phiko zolimbitsa.

mtengo

Kusinthaku ku England anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha bizinesi mu dziko. chakuti chipembedzo chatsopano analengeza waukulu cholinga kufunika patsogolo chuma ndi kudzikundikira chuma chuma. mfundo Izi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi zolinga za amalonda ndi bourgeoisie. Kuyambira tsopano, cholinga chawo kuonjezera ndalama awo motsimikiza kulungamitsidwa. Pa kuzama zina ya Kukonzanso maganizo amalankhula mfundo kufala kwa kachitidwe Oyeretsa amene kulimbikitsa kuzama kwa kusintha.

Kukula kwa bizinesi pa nkhani ya Reformation

Reformation ku England ayenera kuonekera pa nkhani ya kusintha mu Europe wonse. Chifukwa chigonjetso chake ayenera anafuna mu kukhwima ubale capitalist ndi kutsirizitsa kwa kalasi bourgeois, amene anathandiza kukuchititsa zimenezi. Ngakhale M'mayiko ena, monga France, ndi Movement Kusintha anagonjetsedwa chifukwa chakuti pali anali amphamvu ang'onoang'ono Relations.

Kusinthaku ku England (onani gome m'munsimu chikusonyeza zimayambitsa, Inde zotsatira) anali wofunika kwambiri pa kusintha chipembedzo European.

England Ndipotu ndakhala dziko la bizinesi anapambananso ndipo wosanjikiza umoyo ndi zachuma chofunika substantiation, kuti n'kumupatsa Reformation. M'pofunikanso kuganizira mfundo yakuti Reformation mu mzimu wake kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi maganizo English, ndi zothandiza zake ndi dzuwa.