Features wa wamakono Russia: chiyambi cha m'ma 20. History of Russia

Wamakono wa Russia m'zaka za m'ma XX, kufalitsa kwa muzochitika zones za moyo chikhalidwe. Kwinakwake iye anapita ndi bwino pang'ono, koma penapake ndi kwambiri. umatha anali zoopsa. Nduna Stolypin ankadziwika ndi angapo otchuka akuti. Mmodzi wa iwo bwanji monga chuma cha dziko. Kamodzi mu Duma Pyotr Abramovich ananena kuti dziko ayenera zaka makumi awiri a moyo wamtendere, kuti akhale mtsogoleri dziko mu zizindikiro zambiri. Mwatsoka, kuyambira mu 1914, nkhondo chawononga chiyembekezo anthu.

Development wa Siberia

prerequisites Kwambiri wamakono Russian inkakhala mu outflow Unyinji wa anthu yogwira kummawa, chimanga chosakhwima dziko Siberia. boma anathandiza anthu awa (makamaka alimi). Komanso, mnjira chinathandiza latsopano Siberia sitima. Ataliatali kayendedwe anali kwambiri kuonongeka pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, pamene dziko linali kutukula mtendere wa chuma. Komabe, pambuyo kusamuka nkhondo adapitiriza ndi mphamvu zatsopano.

Features wa wamakono Russia (m'ma 20) ndi bwino agrarian kusintha Stolypin ndi Krivoshein, amene wamba mwakhama akhoza kupeza imayenera awo chuma, monga iwo kudzakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa serfdom.

Atsamunda analandira subsidy boma kuti mwina 400 rubles (kukula amadalira katundu). Wamba anasamukira ku magalimoto wapadera, zomwe zinakonzedwa kuti katundu mbuye. M'midzi watsopano ndi midzi bungwe malo osungira tirigu, masitolo ritelo ndi zomangamanga zina zofunika. chuma watsopano wosiyana ntchito zaka cha zida kusinthidwa. The zipatso amenewa anali waphindu ndi bwino. alimi Siberia analenga zimakhala zazikulu za dziko. Owonjezera mbewu anapita pa malonda kunja.

zaluso ulimi

Features wa wamakono Russia (m'ma 20) m'mudzi akadali mu kubadwa kwa gulu mukupanga kusuntha. Ngakhale woyang'anira wabwino kwambiri kunali kovuta kuti azolowere malo atsopano yekha. Choncho, kupanga cooperatives. Anansi kuthandizana nkhani ya mavuto. malamulo atsopano anali mogwira mtima kuposa momwe m'madera chachikale chinkawavuta.

Pa nthawi kuchokera 1906 mpaka 1914 mu Siberia, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, izo anasamukira pafupifupi 3 miliyoni 700 zikwi anthu. Kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za iwo mapeto anakhala m'dziko lawo latsopano. Siberia sitima imene zaka zoyambirira za ntchito yake anali opanda pake, anayamba kubweretsa yodalirika chifukwa ankafuna. Madzulo wa First World nkhondo kuchokera ku zigawo kum'mawa kwa dzikoli yopezeka matani 50 miliyoni tirigu ndi mapaundi mamiliyoni 5 a batala. Ulimi dziko Western Siberia anali pfunde ndi katswiri, kotero boma limapereka kuchuluka kwa dziko reclamation pachaka. Mogwirizana ogwira pakati pa nzika yogwira ndi boma ndi peculiarity wa wamakono Russia (m'ma 20).

Russia mu 1913

Pachimake cha chuma Russian anabwera 1913 (chinali chaka chomaliza cha mtendere boma tsarist). Choncho, kwa nthawi amatchedwa kufika kuyanga chuma ndi Mafumu.

Kuwonjezera mfundo wamoyo ndi kuthekera wodzilamulira kuzindikira bwanji zinthu zaziwerengero. Madzulo a nkhondo anthu a ufumuwo anali pafupifupi mamiliyoni 173 anthu. mabanja osauka ndi ana khumi anali ponseponse.

ndalama national dziko anauka kwa mtengo wa 7% ya mlingo dziko. Patsogolo anali kokha US, Germany, ndi ku United Kingdom. Mu mlingo wa bwino chuma (7% pachaka), Russia anali ndi dziko loyamba.

Komabe, Russia ceded atsogoleri kumadzulo mu chithunzi ofunika kwambiri monga zokolola za pobereka. Iye anali nthawi osachepera 5. Features la Russia a wamakono (m'ma 20) ndi kupititsa patsogolo mayendedwe a kukula, kutanthauza kuti m'madera ambiri chabe musakhale ndi chotero kuyenda.

Development wa njanji

Monga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, kukula zopezera njanji. Mu 1906, nthambi Orenburg kuti Tashkent linatsegulidwa. Izi tisaletse mayendedwe a Chiuzibeki thonje apamwamba misika European, amene anapanga amalonda kwambiri phindu ndi boma mu mawonekedwe a misonkho ku cuma. Ngakhale mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za nkhondo tinafunika kumanga msewu pa Kola Peninsula. Iye anayenda kwa Murmansk. Iyo inali pamalo abwino zofunika ayezi kudoko malire kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Kudzera anapitiriza kotunga chuma.

Nthunzi injini, anatulukira ndi akatswiri Russian mu 1910s ndi sanali wotsika mofanana American kapena European. wamakono ndi chiyani? ndi peculiarities wa wamakono Russia ndi chiyani? Izi, ndithudi, kukula zonse zoyendera. Chaka chilichonse, iwo chinawonjezeka ndi 8%. Wamakono kwachititsa kuti pa Petrograd anaonekera choyamba inasangalatsa gawo sitima. Koma posakhalitsa, ulimi ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni anapereka dziko kumbuyo. Ambiri kupita patsogolo kwa mfumu Economy ndi wawaiwala kapena mwachindunji zichotsedwa ku chikumbumtima Unyinji wa khama la censors Union.

aya Mbali

nthawi zonse wamakono Russian, zomwe zachitika kwa zaka za m'ma XX, sanadutsitse chotero kukula mofulumira ndi chitukuko muzochitika zones za moyo. Izi akuonekera bwino za kupita patsogolo mu munda wa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga. Pa mabizinezi mafakitale, mabungwe aboma, manyuzipepala, makalata ndi zina zotero E.. Panali zipangizo zatsopano. Mu 1910, kudutsa dziko izo anatumiza matelegalamu 200 miliyoni. Chiwerengero cha katundu wa makalata wafika biliyoni.

wamakono ndi chiyani? ndi peculiarities wa wamakono Russia ndi chiyani? Iye amayenera kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu. Mu gawo aya dziko wakhala akukumana ndi mbali zake zazikulu - m'gawo yaikulu. Chifukwa chachikulu m'dera la Russia sanathe kumvetsa kupereka lokha ndi zonse zofunikira kulankhulana yachidule ndi yosavuta pakati pa anthu. Chitsanzo cha nkhondo Japan, pamene alumali kwa masabata kufika kutsogolo ku Asia, umene unali ndi zotsatira Kalanga kwambiri.

Zoterozo zinali mbali zambiri wamakono Russia. Tebulo limasonyeza chifungulo cha kusiyana kwake.

Boma la chuma

mbali zoweta wamakono mafakitale anali devyatiprotsentnom kukula m'madera ambiri a chuma. Pa zaka zisanu zapitazi, moyo wamtendere wa ufumu nambala amakampani a dongosolo losiyana chinawonjezeka ndi kwachitatu.

Iripano zizindikiro. Pa nthawi kuchokera 1893 mpaka 1913 yadothi ya chitsulo ndi zitsulo chinakwera ndi nthawi 13, malasha migodi - ndi nthawi 4, Central Asia thonje processing - .. maulendo 7, ndi zina zotero apangidwa Boma wofunika kwambiri ndiponso zingamuthandize wa chuma. Zinali nsalu, nkhuni, chakudya, ndi makampani zitsulo. m'madera kwachititsa phindu lalikulu.

Mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri mu adzasowa chakudya mowa opangidwa kwambiri (yekha amadya msika zoweta), shuga ndi ufa (zimagulitsidwa).

chitukuko m'madera

Mu gawo European la Russia anali oposa 90% mwa makampani mu dziko. Waukulu munali malo chapakati, zimene zinaphatikizapo Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Kostroma ndi chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Komanso kutukuka kwambiri ndi Siberia. Mu 1914, chochitika chofunika wa Kuznetsk khala beseni anayamba kuchigawo Tomsk.

dera watsopano unakhazikitsidwa chifukwa kukula chuma. Chinali chigawo Altai, kumene mofulumira Novosibirsk, anaonekera pa Trans-Siberia Railway.

Kuphangira ndi Trade

Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo dziko, panali pafupi mazana awiri owona lalikulu. Iwo zachitika kumabungwe monga banki ndi makampani lolemera.

Lina ndi zoweta malonda anang'ambika anthu mamilioni awiri. Anthu ndi mabungwe waukulu Russia mu msika lonse anali England ndi Germany. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dziko zimagulitsidwa mankhwala chakudya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale Baku munda mafuta, dziko analibe mafuta okwanira chifukwa kukula kwake ndi makampani ndi zofuna zake.

The odziwika bwino French zachuma Thierry E. anayesedwa nkhondo isanayambe, kuti ngati si kusintha, ndiye kuti pakati pa XX m'ma Russia adzakhala mtsogoleri chuma cha dziko. Mu zaka zomalizira za ufumu zinali chitukuko cha dziko agro-mafakitale.