Cholinga ndi mbiri ntchito

Vital ntchito pa maphunziro maganizo ndi maphunziro a akatswiri amakono, komanso ozindikira ndipo kulenga chitukuko cha munthu umagwira phunziro la zaumunthu lapansi. The sayansi ya mbiri - mmodzi wa sayansi zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe.

History ndi sayansi ya kale ndi magulu a anthu, malamulo a chitukuko cha mitundu yeniyeni cikhalidwe mu kusintha kanthawi ndi okhudza malo. The ndondomeko mbiri ndi ochititsa mbiri, kuwulula mu zochitika ndi zochitika, limene pali nkhani magwero mbiri ndi zipilala. zinthuzo zosiyanasiyana komanso ikukhudzana bwanji ndi zochita za anthu otchuka, mgwirizano wa mayiko, mkati ndi kunja moyo wa limati ndi chitukuko zachuma.

Choncho, mbiri sayansi, wapangidwa ndi nthambi angapo kadziwidwe ka kalekale - monga mbiri ya chipembedzo, boma ndi malamulo; asilikali, boma, chikhalidwe, ndale ndiponso zachuma mbiri. Mwa sayansi mbiri ndi zinthu zofukulidwa nkhaniyi, amene amafufuza mbiri ya makedzana zakuthupi - miyala yamtengo wapatali, katundu wa m'nyumba, zipangizo, ndipo ngakhale zovuta lonse - chuma, malo manda, midzi; ndipo ethnography kuti amaphunzira chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu.

Anagawa mbiri zosiyanasiyana za zinthu za phunziro: mbiri ya anthu payekha ndi maiko (mwachitsanzo, mbiri ya Russia), maiko (mbiri ya Africa ndi Asia), dziko lonse (chilengedwe kapena dziko mbiri).

Palinso mbiri wothandiza amalanga, amene laling'ono mokwanira chinthu kuphunzira, kuphunzira izo payokha, ndi kuti nawonso amvetse tanthauzo la ndondomeko mbiri ambiri ndi ntchito mbiri. Zikuphatikizapo yamderali, amafufuza mbiri ya dera, dera, dera; toponymics kuphunzira yatsoka maina lawolawo; Mbadwo - mutu wake ndi chiyambi cha mayina ndi midzi. Wothandiza amalanga mbiri mulinso epigraphs (kuphunzira zolemba zitsulo, dongo, mwala); sphragistics (kuphunzira kusindikiza ndi zipsera). Phunziro la kuphunzira heraldry ndi zizindikiro za mabanja ena, mizinda ndi mayiko vexillology - mbendera, metrology - dongosolo la mochulukira numismatics ndi bonistics - banknotes Diplomatique - zochita mbiri ndi zikalata zaboma, Zolembedwa - kalata wakale ndi zipilala pamanja ndi mbiri - madeti a zochitika m'mbiri.

The kwambiri mbiri wothandiza amalanga monga gwero kuti ikufotokoza magwero a mbiri yakale, komanso mbiri yakale kuphunzira dongosolo mu chitukuko cha mbiri, kusanthula ndi kufotokoza mfundo, maganizo ndi malingaliro a mbiri, kuwulula ntchito ya kadziwidwe ka kalekale.

History - Ndi mmodzi wa sayansi ambiri alipo kuti atumikire anthu chi, koma mmodzi wa wamkulu osati. Nchito nkhani zonse kugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi monga mabuku, zilankhulo, ziwerengero masamu, masamu, chiphunzitso zachuma, jurisprudence, nzeru, Chaanthu, kuwerenga maganizo ndi zina zotero. Koma, mosiyana ndi iwo, limafotokoza chitukuko cha anthu onse, ndi kusanthula kuchotsedwa zachilengedwe za cikhalidwe, aliyense wa m'mbali mwake (moyo, chikhalidwe, ndale, zachuma) ndi kudalirana awo ndi interrelation. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo zonse zilipo sayansi (luso, chuma, chikhalidwe) anayamba imodzi nkhaniyo. Ndipo panopa mtundu uliwonse wa matsenga ndi sayansi kwenikweni ndi gawo yoonetsa ntchito ya mbiri: mwachitsanzo, "History of Cinema", "History of Music", "Mbiri ya Physics" ndi zina zotero Pa mphambano za mbiri ndi sayansi ena amaoneka interdisciplinary sayansi - mwachitsanzo, mbiri. nthaka ndi madera mbiri. Mu mbali zonse ndipo mbiri ntchito.