Choka amayamikira contiguity. Metonymy: Tanthauzo

Mawu akuti "metonymy" amachokera ku mawu achigiriki otanthauza "Sinthani dzina". njira imeneyi, yomwe ndi kulanda mtengo ndi contiguity - kamodzikamodzi kapena zonse - dzina la kalasi ina ya zinthu, kapena osiyana kapena gulu lina, anagwirizana naye okhudzidwa mu zochitika zinazake kapena contiguity.

Kodi mayina akhoza anasamutsa

Maziko a metonymy ndi okhudza malo, cilamulo, zochitika, Gona zomveka syntagmatic pakati ena siyana kuti ndine zenizeni ndi chinyezimiro chake mu malingaliro a munthu, enshrined za matanthauzo enieni a mawu - pakati pa anthu, zinthu, zochita, zochitika, ndondomeko, zochitika, mabungwe chikhalidwe, nthawi, malo, etc.

dzina akhoza anasamutsa:

1) ndi cholandirira kuchuluka kwa okhutira kapena zili yokha, monga "galasi" - "kuyeza misa youma ndi madzi," "kumwa chotengera";

2) zakuthupi zopangidwa adalenga kuchokera mmenemo: "mkuwa" - "coppers," ndi "chitsulo";

3) m'mudzimo, malo pa chochitika kugwirizana kapena ka moyo wa anthu ake: "Mudzi wonse kumuseka iye", "Road" - "ulendo", "njira anaika kwa anayambitsa," "nthawi ulendo";

3) kuchitapo kanthu pa zotsatira zake, nkhani nawo kanthu (chida chinthu phunziro) kapena malo: "Lekani" - izi ndi kumene zoyendera ndi kuchitapo kanthu, "wenzulo" - chipangizo kwa ya ping ndipo mchitidwe wa malikhweru;

5) mitundu amanena mawu enieni kapena enieni, chuma chimake mu zili wonse, "ndi buku chidwi" akutanthauza zimene ndi "Bukhu Lalikulu" - mu phunziro;

6) posamutsa mtengo wa adjacency ndi sayansi, makampani kudziwa kuti nkhani yake ndi mosemphanitsa, "galamala" - ichi "chinenero dongosolo" ndi "nthambi ya zilankhulo";

7) ndi zochitika, zochitika zosangalatsa pa ophunzira ake kuti: "msonkhano udzachitike mu June," ndi "The Conference tinagwirizana kufunika mlandu";

8) ndi bungwe la gulu chikhalidwe pa malo a, kuchotsedwa ndodo yake, "fakitale anapita sitalaka" ndi "kukonza fakitale";

9) ndi mbali ya wonse, ndi mosemphanitsa, "peyala" - "zipatso" ndi "mtengo" (kulanda udindo mbali ya lonse lotchedwa synecdoche - wapadera nkhani ya metonymy);

10) ndi zina boma maganizo pa muzu wa "mantha" wake - "chochitika choopsa" ndi "mantha";

11) Dzinali wolemba angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza kalembedwe analenga chitsanzo, kapena ntchito zake: - ". Dzina la mbuye" "kufalitsa, kuwerenga Tolstoy a" Ng'ombe "mipando ndi mtundu wa ulemerero" ndipo

metonymy zonse

Metonymy kuwalitsa mogwirizana mfundo, siyana, ndi / kapena zinthu, kumakhaladi zonse pamene amalenga zitsanzo zamalankhulidwe mitundu mawu mapangidwe ndi mawu osokoneza, nthawi zambiri kaphatikizidwe mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe: chochitika, zimasonyeza phunziro (konkire ndi umboni). Mwachitsanzo, mayina kanthu ntchito zonse kufotokoza ena mwa gulu chifukwa ( "ntchito", "ntchito", "nkhani", "njira", "nyumba").

polysemy suffix

Ngati kutengerapo analogical ikuchitika pafupipafupi mwa mtundu mawu n'kupanga, zotsatira zake zingakhale polysemy suffix m'malo gawo lapansi (yerekezerani Mwachitsanzo, mtengo monga suffixes wapakamwa -enie, -anie). Kucheza ndi ena zinthu pa adjacency ndi moyandikana mfundo zomveka lidzasinthidwa mfundo Mgwirizano. Metonymy wa mtundu uwu akutumikira ina cholinga - nominative, komanso kumathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chinenero njira lexical.

Kodi chimayambitsa metonymy

Kupanga ndi asilikali a njinga ya kusinthika zosiyanasiyana syntagmatic. Zikuchitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha maganizo kapena mawu metonymy, yomwe ndi chotsatira otchedwa elliptical lemba kuchepetsa akuzisunga zambiri zina kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake zochepa ntchito yake, popanda kulenga mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo palokha phindu latsopano, mwachitsanzo: "Mu nyumbayi pali awiri Van Gogh" (kutanthauza "awiri zojambula Van Gogh "), koma inu simungakhoze kunena:" pa wina Van Gogh akuonetsedwa mtsikana ".

Kulankhulana ndi nkhaniyo

The kugwirizana kwambiri olimba ndi pambuyo amenewa metonymy (zitsanzo Chirasha, onani m'munsimu), imene zoti inayake, zochokera mkhalidwe wa, yafupika kokha ku chigawo mfundo chinthu: "Chavuta -" Mtima (mutu, mano, pakhosi) "- kutanthauza" zopweteka mtima (mutu, mano, pakhosi). ntchito Izi okha mawu enieni zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic. Choncho, tanthauzo lophiphiritsira (Zitsanzo - "mtima", "mutu") sangathe pamodzi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a procedural ndi adjectives, kumasulira chikhalidwe cha matenda ndi ululu. Sitingathe kunena "amphamvu (kulongolola, pachimake) mtima" kapena "mtima kukula (anakula, zakulitsa)." Pankhaniyi, phindu kulanda adjacency si wokhazikitsidwa popanda nkhani ya zili zamalankhulidwe wa kulankhula. Ali ngati njira kuulula mitundu zamalankhulidwe ntchito zake. Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo zitsanzo za omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, ndi umakhudza yonse.

Monga ntchito metonymy

Ntchito metonymy (synecdoche zambiri) ngati phwando la situational gulu chinthu ndi mfundo zake kunja individualizing. Proisllyustriruem ganizo lathu. Maganizo awa kwa metonymy, monga, 'Fulumira, ndevu! "," Chipewa The kuwerenga nyuzipepala. " anagwiritsira ntchito ndi ofanana ndilochokera kutanthauza amayanjana - substantivized adjective ndi nauni, Wed. "Ndevu" ndi "bearded", "bearded". Mtundu uwu wa metonymy (zitsanzo m chinenero chomwe -. Little Red atakwera nyumba, Little Longnose, etc.) Kawirikawiri akutumikira monga njira kulenga nicknames, nicknames.

Chizindikiro cha gulu chikhalidwe

Ngati katunduyo amatchedwa metonymy, ndi mmene anthu ambiri akhoza mizu mu chinenero ndi monga zoti anthu enaake chikhalidwe Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "bast" kungasonyeze Russian osauka nthawi chisanadze chosintha. Koma zimenezi metonymy sadziwa denotative (zamalankhulidwe) bata. Mu nkhani yake mbiri wotchedwa "ndevu" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti anzeru amuna, osawuka, olemekezeka, akulu, ndi gulu lina la achinyamata. Zitsanzo Metonymy mu Chirasha, zimene ife tatchulawa, ndi chofala kwambiri.

Syntactic malo metonymy

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi (synecdoche, makamaka) kwenikweni amatanthauza nkhani ya kulankhula Chili ndi udindo syntactic ya nkhaniyi, mankhwala ndi zina. Monga mkhalidwe situational yonyamula mtengo wa adjacency ndi zachilendo, chifukwa sachita aliyense amakhala ntchito. Ngati metonymy ntchito mu mkhalidwe, izo lidzasinthidwa fanizo, monga "chipewa" - ndi "bungler", "Shoe" - ". Bwinja, munthu yotheratu" Ntchito maina mu mkhalidwe mtengo partitive zambiri zifuno za aspektizatsii nkhani si nthawi zambiri monga kulanda adjacency lapansi. Tiyeni mfundo zathu. Taganizirani izi: "Iye anali ndi maganizo opanduka" - amatanthauza khalidwe la pa mbali ya munthu, kukhala enieni - khalidwe lake laluntha.

Synecdoche si ntchito ziganizo aliyense existential, kapena zofanana awo, amene anayamba nkhani mu dziko Nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, sitingathe kuyamba nkhani ndi mawu monga :. ina kunali (imodzi, ena) Red atakwera nyumba "ntchito Izi anazindikira ngati chizindikiro cha munthu, ndipo ngati chimake cha nkhaniyo.