Chozizwa dzikoli - ndi amisiri in Ancient Egypt

Mu 1905, ku Italy Archeologist ndi orientalist Ernesto Schiaparelli, ali moyo imeneyi dzina lake atulukira manda a Nefertari, woyamba yaikulu mkazi wa Ramses II, ine anapanga anapeza wina zodabwitsa. Kumadzulo gombe la Nile patsidya pa Luxor, anapeza gulu la necropolis Theban, komanso pafupi izo - kuthetsa amisiri wakumanga akachisi zazikulu za Valley la Mafumu. Ndi kuthetsa ali, Deir El-Medina, lomwe pano aliyense Egyptologist ngati "malo a choonadi", undistorted galasi imasonyeza mmene amisiri anakhala ku Iguputo kwa Farao.

Deir El-Medina inayambika farao Thutmoses Ine, pafupifupi pakati pa XVI. BC. e. Komabe, zoona luso lokhudza ankadziwa kuti Aigupto wakale yaitali zisanachitike izi. Ofukula aluso mankhwala odziwika kwambiri high quality, chibwenzi kuchokera nthawi oyambirira yamkuwa (za 3 zikwi. BC. E.). Mkuwa ndi mkuwa anapanga zida, ziwiya, Tiziboliboli ndi zida. Iron zitsulo woyamba anali zimasowa kuti Aiguputo akale kuti iye ndi nyenyezi wagwa, wotumidwa kuchokera kumwamba.
Amisiri ku Igupto wakale, ntchito ndi zitsulo, zonse zakhala zili mu mtengo, koma panalibe munthu wofunika kwambiri jewelers kuti agwira golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ambiri a zokongoletsa ndi makhalidwe achipembedzo, zopezeka mu manda a Afarao ndi akachisi, ndi wapamwamba kuposa aliyense patali chotero, ndi kupanga luso lawo sikunathetse lero.

gulu lina wolemekezedwa amisiri anali anthu amene ankapanga nkhuni. Izi anali kugwirizana ndi kuchepekedwa matabwa apamwamba: pa onse mtsinje wa Nile adakula makamaka mitengo ya kanjedza, mitengo ndege koma mkuyu. Mwa iwo amakhalabe mipando. Chambiri malonda Farao analola kuti idzabweretsa Egypt ochokera m'mayiko kum'mawa amawonda makungwa, akuguba zofuna sitimayo. Ndipo ku South kunja ebone wapatali kwambiri imene chopangidwa katundu mwanaalirenji ndi mipando ya strata chapamwamba cha anthu.

Okha anali amisiri amene analenga mwala munthu zinthu kamangidwe ka manda lalikulu ndi akachisi. Ngakhale malo ndi mwayi, iwo amadalira kotheratu mkulu wa farao kapena wansembe. Palibe, kupatula iwo, "kumwa mapulani" anali osafunika.

Anthu wamba anafuna mankhwala dongo ndi mabango. Amisiri ku Iguputo anakhazikitsa kuŵeta ware mbiya ndi mipando nsugwi, mphasa, madengu. Mbale zambiri amapezeka zokongoletsa mu mawonekedwe a kanjedza, ziboliboli, zithunzi za milungu, anthu ndi nyama.

Yopanga nsalu kunayamba mafumu woyamba wa Farao. Anatambasulira ndi makina ofukula ndi yopingasa. Yopangidwa ndi utoto kuti Amaipitsanso izo. About zovala zokongola nsalu akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi murals mtundu m'manda ndi akachisi.

Chithunzi chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula yopanga Papyrus, lomwe wakhala chizindikiro zofunikira za mbiri ku Iguputo. The chambiri mbewu ndi processing wa alimi nzimbe wa wochuluka Nile Delta, komanso a Farao. Amisiri ku Iguputo ankapatsidwa nzimbe CHIKWANGWANI ndi mapesi, ndipo analandira amtunduwu kwa kulemba, amene anafika ife mfundo zothandiza za zochitika anatenga zikwi malo a zaka zapitazo.

Kuyambira wapezeka pa zofukulidwa pa Deir El-Medina, zinthu zambiri monga zithunzi anapereka chithunzi umodzi, ochitirana miyoyo ya amisiri ku Egypt. Pa dzanja limodzi, anali akapolo zinsinsi za nkhani kumanga manda; pakuti aliyense wa iwo anatenga woyang'anira chisamaliro komanso mudzi anapatulidwa kwa dziko lonse ndi makoma aatali. Komabe, analoledwa kukhala ndi akazi awo ndi ana. Ndipo ambiri poyerekeza ndi amisiri ena a malo awo kuti ankaona mwayi.

Kuyambira Deir El-Medina m'pamene zodabwitsa wakale dziko chochitika - kamenyedwe yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu! Inde, amisiri ku Iguputo kamodzi amadzinenera amanena ufulu wawo pambuyo iwo akhala analipira kanthu chifukwa cha ntchito yawo. Chikalatachi limalankhula za izi wotchedwa "likadzafika Papyrus."

Aliyense amene wakhala mu Iguputo, anapita owonetsera zakale wake, anaona kulengedwa kwa manja a anthu pa nthawi imeneyo anamangapo nyumba odzitukumula, akumvetsa chodabwitsa chachikulu cha dziko muno - osati mapiramidi ndi sarcophagi, koma kulenga anthu wosalira amene anadziwa kwambiri za luso langa komanso konse pa moyo sakhala iye mphoto woyenera.