Derzhavin G. R. ode "Felitsa": mwachidule ndi kusanthula zolembalemba

Ndakatulo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816 gg.) Analemba mu kalembedwe classicism Russian, umene panthawi imeneyo analetsa kuphatikiza ode okwezeka ndi Zotengera mankhwala umodzi, koma patapita kanthawi za izo.

Wolemba ndakatulo anachokera ku banja la tidakocheza olemekezeka amene ankakhala Kazan. Rhode Derzhavins, monga zalembedwera Archive lenileni la wolemba, anayamba ndi ana a m'banja lachifumu Bagrima amene mwaufulu anasiya ku Duke Vasily II.

Ndakatulo zilandiridwenso Derzhavina makamaka ankaimira odes: yapachiweniweni, nzeru zaumunthu, kukonda kwambiri dziko kupambana ndi Anacreontic.

Derzhavin, "Felitsa": ankalemba mwachidule

Osiyana kagawo kakang'ono wotanganidwa ndi odes boma, amene analankhula kwa akuluakulu otchuka amati: mafumu ndi olemekezeka. Ndipo mmodzi wa oimira yowala polemba chinenero ichi ndakatulo ndi ode kuti "Felitsa" naperewera zili zake anapereka m'munsimu. Wolemba ndakatulo odzipereka kwa Russian Mfumukazi Catherine II.

Derzhavin anayamba kutumikira mu Preobrazhensky Regiment wa St. Petersburg, mphindi ino chinachitikira ndi chiyambi cha ntchito yake ndakatulo. Ochuluka monga zaka 40, yapangitsa zosiyanasiyana posts boma ndi asilikali, ndipo ngakhale inali ntchito chinsinsi kugwila Emelyana Pugacheva. Kenako iye mu utumiki wa General A. A. Vyazemskogo. Pa nthawi yomweyo analemba wake ode wotchuka "Felitsa". Chidule cha ntchito Limanena za anzeru ndi wabwino wa kalonga Chikigizi, dzina lake Felitsa. Apa iwo ukuchita monga wolamulira chilungamo, Woika lamulo ndi mfumu wachisomo.

Oda ndi matamando

Kupeza phunziro lathu: "Felitsa" chidule ", tisaiwale kuti fano la odes wake Derzhavin anatenga kuchokera" The nthano za Tsarevich Mankhwala "lolembedwa ndi Catherine Wachiwiri kwa adzukulu ake.

Mwambo umenewu - kulemba laudatory odes fano la mfumu ŵakusanga - Kulutilira Derzhavin, pobwereka izo kwa University. anthu aakulu awa aona mu ufumu wa munthu amene anthu wosamalira ubwino wa boma ndi anthu ake.

ntchito limasonyeza kulimbana, ukuperekedwa nkhanza udindo wake wa akalonga pakampanipo. Onse ayenera kutumikira wabwino wa Russia - uyu anali mbali liwulo wa zilandiridwenso Derzhavin. Ilo liri mu ufumu aunikiridwa , anaona mphamvu zimene mokwanira kusamalira chotero dziko amphamvu monga Russia.

G. Derzhavin, "Felitsa": a ndakatulo

Ode "Felitsa" unabala. kochuruka kwa wolemba ndi mphotho wowolowa manja kwa Mfumukazi yekha, amene podarovala snuffbox wake wapatali wagolidi wabwino ndi tizinthu diamondi onse.

Mu zaka 80 Derzhavin anapitirizabe kudziŵa Catherine II, fano lake analenga nkhani imene akufalitsa chifuniro wake. Koma ndakatulo ankadziwa zambiri gulu la nduna zake, lamulo limene iye anali kutumikira pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mu ode idealized chifanizo cha Catherine II chiphatikizana ndi Kutsutsa pabwalo nduna zake.

wachifundo mfumukazi

Wothandizira kulenga mbuye chithunzi anakhala mandative analembedwapo ndi Catherine II. Mu ichi wake "Malangizo" iye analemba za kufunika kuchepetsa ena mwa malamulo pa chilango cha imfachi, omwe kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa infractions zazing'ono. Choncho, heroine wake Felicia Derzhavin anapereka chifundo moteromo ndi chilekerero monga ake Ufumu Catherine II.

Felitsa mu mankhwala alemekezedwa mwa choona kuti wasiya ndi kuyimbidwa kwa anthu amene anali ndi mtima kufotokoza onse kunyozana pa iye.

Izi momveka bwino mu ode "Felitsa". Chidule ikufotokoza zifukwa loyamba ode angaphunzire Russian wolamulira Catherine II. Choncho Derzhavin atamukoka chifaniziro chake mu malo oyamba, zochokera khalidwe chibadidwe anthu, ndipo anawonjezera kuti masiku ake oyamba mu Russia anayamba kutsatira miyambo ndi miyambo yake. Pankhaniyi, ndi chipambano kwambiri choncho linachititsa chisoni kwa nduna zake pabwalo ndi asilikali. Pali umboni wakuti ode misozi nakhudza mfumukazi.

Derzhavin anasonyeza zolembalemba mphamvu nzeru ndi nawo mu ode zotamanda ndi milandu pachiyambi ndi Zotengera, kenako sunkalandiridwa. Wanzeru Felice ndi fano lake abwino anali inadzudzula ndi kusasamalira grandee - "fuko lomveka". M'bwalo la St. Catherine anali GA Potemkin, werengani P. I. Panin, chintchito Orlov, Prince AA Vyazemsky, ndi zina zotero D..

Derzhavin iwo molondola ankafotokozedwa kuti zinali zosavuta ndikuganiza amene ankachitira zinthu ndi ntchito zake.

A Zotengera pa olemekezeka

Zolembalemba kusanthula ode "Felitsa" limanena kuti Derzhavin ndi Zotengera kwambiri anatsindika zofooka zawo zonse, zinthu zazing'ono zokhumba. anthu olemekezeka a udindo waukulu sungakhoze kuyang'ana mu m'njira zosayenera. Mwachitsanzo, iye akuonetsedwa Potemkin Gourmet ndi wosusuka amene anakonda akamadyerera ndi kumwa zosangalatsa. Orlov ankakonda kusangalala kuvina ndi ndewu nkhonya. Panin, kusiya ena kugwira ntchito zawo, anapita kusaka ndi agalu. A Vyazemskij akuunikireni malingaliro anu kuwerenga "Bova ndi Polkan," monga nthawi zambiri anagona m'Baibulo.

Tidzapitiriza kuphunzira ode mwachidule. Derzhavin "Felitsa" choyambirira ndipo molimba mtima kwambiri akupereka fanizo la wolemba ntchito. Amatilongosolera zoona, analemba kuti: "Nditakhala kunyumba, ndinali munthu wakhate, kusewera wopusa ndi mkazi wake ...".

Chidwi ndi wolemekezeka choyambirira kum'maŵa kukoma odes, monga nkhani m'malo mwa Chitata m'banja lachifumu, ndipo ngakhale anatchula mzinda kum'mawa kwa Smurna, Kashmir ndi Baghdad. Iwo limatha ndi ode kuti miyambo ndi mkulu laudatory kalembedwe.

Derzhavin mu ode wake akuyerekeza ulamuliro wa Catherine Wachiwiri, amene amalenga angapo zothandiza boma la malamulo Wamkulu, kukondera, nkhanza makhalidwe kulamulira mu Russia pa Anne Ioannovne anayitana nthawi Biron.

Felitsa fano mu odes wa Derzhavin "Felitsa" "grandee"

Pambuyo "Felitsa" amene alemekezedwa muyaya Derzhavin, ndakatulo akuyamba ode "munthu wamkulu." Apanso, zomangamanga ndi mfundo ziwiri - laudatory ndi satirical. Koma ngati "Felice" anali abwino poyambira, Zotengera oseketsa kuseka wa ambuye, ndi ode "grandee" ndi chiŵerengero osiyana zabwino ndi zoipa. Mayamiko ochepa - kokha pa mapeto, amatanganidwa kwambiri ponena PA Rumyantsev. Ambiri n'kosangalatsa ndi Zotengera kukwiya. Anamva mkwiyo wa mlembi wa mphwayi anthu olemekezeka, tikuthokoza Lathu wake. Izi si ntchito yosiyana m'ma XVIII. Iwo derzhavin anakwiya kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu ake ndi nzika akudwala ogwira criminally osayanjanitsika, pa phwando limene wolandira alendo mu ima pamzere kwa maola akhoza kukhala ndi kudikira kwa omvetsera ndi kapitawo ndi mkazi wamasiye ndi mwana mu mikono yake, ndi msilikali wovulazidwa.

Pomaliza

Kotero, ife anaunikanso ode mwachidule. Derzhavin "Felitsa" ndi "wamkulu" - izo pamtima Zotengera, ndilo patsogolo pang'ono, m'zaka za m'ma XIX, Gogol analibwerezanso ntchito "The nthano za Captain Kopeikin" ndi Nekrasov mu "M'mbuyo kuchokera kutsogolo."

Ife anayamikira zilandiridwenso ndi zambiri kenako kutsatira kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, A. S. Pushkin ndi Decembrists KF Ryleev.