Diamondi yokumba: dzina la kupanga

Diamondi anakopeka anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. The okongola kwambiri wa miyala iyi wachititsa ntchito zawo kulenga chokongoletsera osiyana. Komabe, kenako, anthu anapeza zina zothandiza katundu wa daimondi - mphamvu zawo wapadera ndi kuuma. Kuonetsetsa zosowa za ulimi chikhalidwe sanalenge kwambiri za zinthu izi, kotero anthu ndi lingaliro - popanga diamondi chongopeka.

mtengo diamondi

Diamondi imatengedwa mwala wapadera, ali osakaniza kawirikawiri makhalidwe ofunika: amphamvu kupezeka, mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe, kuuma, kuwala momveka, durability. Chifukwa katundu thupi ndi makina a diamondi kwambiri amayamikira zodzikongoletsera akatswiri kokha, komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mwala uwu wapatali mankhwala, Optics ndi microelectronics.

Koma kuti athe kukwanitsa zofunika kupanga woyera diamondi achilengedwe zovuta ndi mtengo ndithu. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu anayamba kuganiza za momwe apange diamondi yokumba. Kupanga mwala ayenera osati adzatenga katundu zofunika la daimondi, komanso ndi dongosolo galasi changwiro choposa, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri m'madera luso.

Ngati diamondi aliyense angapange

Kufunika kulenga mwala kupanga adanyamuka nthawi yayitali. Komabe, inatenga kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, asayansi sakanakhoza kubwera ndi kupanga luso diamondi, pamene kupeza kuti ndi achibale ndi mpweya wamba. Ndipo mu zaka zochepa woyamba kupanga diamondi, amene anachokera ku graphite pansi kutentha ndi kuthamanga kudutsa gawo la kusintha unakhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kupanga diamondi yokumba, amene tsopano ntchito mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana zida ndi zipangizo.

luso diamondi yopanga

Mu nthawi yathu, kutulutsa mwala kupanga ntchito njira zamakono angapo, omwe ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Yodalirika, koma mtengo kwambiri luso ndi ulimi wa daimondi crystalline mpweya kuti ali pabwino kwa processing mu atolankhani wapadera. Choyamba, pa nkhani kuchitiridwa amawapopa madzi amphamvu. Izi amalenga kuthamanga. Kenako, madzi amaundana mchikakamizo cha refrigerant, umene kuthamanga kwambiri chifukwa nthawi 10. Pa chipinda gawo lotsiriza imene mpweya wa chikugwirizana ndi mipiringidzo basi ndipo umaperekedwa kwa tuzigawo twa angapo a chachiwiri mafunde. Mu kanthu munthawi yomweyo kutentha ndi kuthamanga, kutembenuka kwa graphite mu mwala olimba. Pambuyo imeneyi, atolankhani ndi thawed, chatsanulidwa madzimadzi ndi wokonzeka kutenga diamondi yokumba.

Kukula diamondi dziko

Komabe ntchito chosavuta kupanga mwala luso yopanga - kuphulika njira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti amange galasi yokumba mchikakamizo cha dziko. Nthawi zambiri, ulimi wa diamondi kupanga ndi umisiri awiri. mfundo ndi yakuti mu yoyamba n'zotheka kupeza apamwamba kuchuluka mwa diamondi, koma iwo ali ochepa. Kagwiridwe chachiwiri kumapangitsa kuti ndithu kuonjezera chifukwa mwala kupanga ntchito dziko kuwomba mchikakamizo cha kutentha pafupifupi 1100 ° C. kuphulika njira limachititsa kupereka diamondi yokumba cha kukula kulikonse.

Mitundu ya diamondi kupanga

Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya kupanga diamondi: zirconia kiyubiki, timibulu moissanite, ferroelectric, rutile, chiwembu, cerussite. Langwiro kwambiri diamondi yabodza imatengedwa kuti zirconia kiyubiki kapena zirconium kyubu. Ndi zirconia. Choncho, ambiri adamva, monga otchedwa yokumba diamondi zircon. Ngakhale alibe poyerekezera ndi mwala zachilengedwe mtengo.

Fianit yodziwika ndi kuuma mkulu, ndi digiri yapamwamba ya kupezeka ndi refractive Index. Chifukwa katundu mwala uwu mwangwiro simulates daimondi yeniyeni ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani zodzikongoletsera. Ngakhale akatswiri pafupifupi wamaliseche diso sangathe kusiyanitsa yabodza kuchokera pachiyambi, chifukwa iwo kusewera chimodzimodzi.

The wapamwamba kwambiri diamondi imatengedwa kuti ndi analogue a moissanite. Iwo ali yemweyo thupi katundu mmene anthu a mwala achilengedwe, ndi pa magawo kuwala ngakhale bwino. drawback ake okha - ndi wachiwiri kuuma.

Makamaka timibulu otchuka la galasi kutsogolera chikukhudza okusayidi patsogolo. Chifukwa kapangidwe kake miyala chodabwitsa kusewera pa kuwala ndi nzeru zofanana ndi nzeru ya diamondi.

Kodi ntchito diamondi kupanga

Amapanga diamondi zodzikongoletsera fakitale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi wa miyala yamtengo wapatali mwanaalirenji kuti osati kuyang'ana wokongola, komanso angakwanitse kwambiri. Zamgululi ndi miyala yabodza sizikuwoneka oipa bwino ankavala.

Komanso kukula kupanga diamondi ndi mbali yofunika ya malonda masiku ano. Kuchokera pa iwo anapangidwa heavy-ntchito zipangizo: mawilo akupera, masamba diamondi macheka, kupukuta mawilo, tchizulo, akufa pochita, scalpels, mipeni, odula zosiyanasiyana ndi tweezers. Zida opangidwa ndi nsalu diamondi n'zotheka kuti pokonza wa kasakaniza wazitsulo amphamvu ndi zipangizo. Komanso, diamondi amapereka molondola pazipita mu makina ndi zipangizo.

Kodi kulenga ndi diamondi yokumba kunyumba

Akatswiri ena amanena kuti kukula daimondi kupanga n'zotheka kunyumba. Koma kupanga palokha ya diamondi yokumba amafuna kuwononga nthawi ndi khama. Ife kukusonyezani mmene kukula mchere mchere kuti Zikuwoneka zingaoneke chokhala daimondi.

Choncho, kulenga mwala amenewa adzafunika madzi owiritsa, mchere, ziwiya mankhwala, ndi pepala losalembedwapo ndi zasayansi fyuluta. Muyenera choyamba kukonzekera galasi laling'ono. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mudzaze beaker 1/5 ya mchere, kutsanulira theka la madzi ofunda ndi kusakaniza. Ngati uli kusungunuka, ndiye muyenera kudzaza pang'ono. Salt ayenera zidzawonjezedwa bola salinso kupasuka. Njira yothetsera anali amalisefa mu mbale wina, amene mwala adzapitiriza kukula ndi kuphimba pepala. nthawi zonse muyenera kuchepetsa mlingo njira. Mwala ayenera kukhala mu mlengalenga. Ngati yankho ndi chamunthuyo, ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera latsopano ndi kuwonjezeredwa.

Anthu amene amachita zinthu zatsopano zimenezi, ankanena kuti nyumba sabata diamondi yokumba ayenera kukula kwambiri.

Mtengo wa daimondi kupanga

Masiku ano miyala kupanga unatenga gawo osiyana msika zodzikongoletsera. Kupeza diamondi yokumba izo zonse zilibwino. Asayansi kuyambitsa miyala latsopano limene yomweyo kupeza kutchuka chachikulu, ndi akulu kutaya akuwakonda ndi zayamba kutha kumsika. Mwachitsanzo, chapakati pa zaka za m'ma XX kutsanzira diamondi zodzikongoletsera anaikapo rutile kupanga. Ndiyeno m'malo zirconia kiyubiki. Ndipo mu 90 ntchentche. m'mbuyomo onyenga diamondi moissanite m'malo.

Mitengo diamondi kupanga zimadalira kukula, kudula, ndi luso yopanga. Anthu ambiri molakwa kuti miyala kupanga - zimenezi si zachilendo galasi, ndipo saona mu phindu. Koma kwenikweni, diamondi awa zambiri ndalama kwambiri ndalama, ndipo ena a iwo n'zochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya diamondi kupanga akhoza kukhala ofunika kwambiri kuposa Akhristu achilengedwe.

Pakati pa diamondi kupanga amaonedwa kukhala phianites otchuka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. mtengo awo pafupifupi pa carat faceted mawonekedwe ranges kuchokera 1 mpaka $ 5. A odziwika bwino analogue diamondi moissanite zambiri mtengo - 70-150 madola US pa carat.

zinthu zofunika za mtengo mapangidwe pa miyala ndi mtundu. Choncho mtengo wa daimondi chikasu ndi madola 40-50 kwa 0.2 carat, koma mwala nsomba pinki mtundu, malinga ndi kukula kulipira za $ 3,000.

atsogoleri amayiko

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, atsogoleri a dziko kupanga miyala kupanga amaonedwa kukhala China, Japan, ndi US ndi Russia. Kwambiri mwachangu osauka mzere wa China, zonse kupeka latsopano kaphatikizidwe luso.