Dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin: yonena. Kodi ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin?

Mu 2018 chaka m'pamene zaka zana ndi zisanu, wotchuka womenya woyendetsa, amene anali woyamba m'mbiri ya dziko lathu likhale ngwazi za nthawi Soviet Union atatu. Ndi nthawi kuyang'anitsitsa pa zochitika yaitali kale, kutsimikizira mfundo watsopano, posachedwapa m'mabuku ndi kuyesa kupeza yankho la funso lakuti: "? Kunena zoona, mmene ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin" Air polimbana ndi pa moyo wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo lero chidwi woyendetsa odziwika bwino osati kukhala zochepa. Azambiriyakale kufunafuna zikalata wakale yachokera kuti adziwe mmene ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin kwenikweni. zikalata izi ambiri divergent ndithu.

yonena

Pokryshkina Alexander Ivanovich dziko sadzaiwala, chifukwa wotero kwambiri ndipo lotengeka ndi gudumu la nkhani ake. Iye anabadwa mu banja ntchito kalasi, komwe anakhala Novosibirsk (ndiye Novonikolayevsk). Nditamaliza maphunziro ku sukulu asanu ndi awiri a sukulu, anasankha kutsatira mapazi a bambo wake ndipo anatenga "Sibkombaynstroy" fakitale (adakali ndi ogwira ntchito kutsogolera, ngakhale pa wina wotchedwa) toolmaker yosavuta. Komanso zaka ziwiri kuphunzira zapaderazi ichi maphunziro fakitale sukulu. Popeza Pokryshkina mbiri inayamba mu February 1913, nthawi mfumu anatha kumbukirani, izo zinali kwathunthu munthu ndi mapangidwe latsopano - ndi kulimbikira ndi luso ntchito ndi kuphunzira, anthu pafupifupi onse achinyamata a zaka woyamba wa dziko la Soviet. Mu 1932, ndi "mpweya odwala" Alexander Pokryshkin, amene yonena kwa mphindi anakhala kwathunthu chikugwirizana ndi ndege. Iye analowa wachitatu asilikali ndege sukulu. Pafupifupi onse a anyamata ndi atsikana ambiri a nthawi yemwe ankafuna kuti akhale ndege, ndipo anthu ambiri kunapezeka, chifukwa boma anachita zonse kuti akulitse ndegeyo.

Pokryshkin dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich sukulu imeneyi bwino, ndipo anatumizidwa ku Leningrad kwa maphunziro kusintha, ndipo kumapeto kwa 1934 kale anatumizidwa ku ulemerero Taman oyenda Division - mkulu ndege katswiri mlingo. Iye anaika mu Krasnodar, kumene katswiri wamng'ono ndi kutumikira kwa zaka zinayi, zonse kulota ndi woyendetsa ntchito. Pokryshkin dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich sanangobwera ndimalota izo - akanakhoza bwanji - anachita. Pafupifupi makumi malipoti analemba maulamuliro ndi pempho atumiza kwa Flight School, koma iye anali katswiri kwambiri ndipo mabwana njira sanafune kutaya. Pokryshkin dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich ali wokanidwa, koma mosalekeza kuphunzira paokha ndege mbiri, masamu, sayansi mbiri asilikali, ofotokoza Masamu, ngakhale Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Ndiyeno ine kupeza njira zosiyana.

Pilot!

Mu September 1938, Alexander anatenga Pokryshkin tchuthi lotsatira, koma sanapite ku mpumulo. Nadza iye kwa Krasnodar zouluka club ndi kudutsa kwa masiku khumi, zaka ziwiri pulogalamu yonse yabwino. Ndiyeno ndinalemba makumi anai lipoti, kumene kalata ya kutsiriza. Akuluakulu anali kuti adzipereke, ndi kale iye ulemu mu November chaka chotsatira maphunziro a Kachin usilikali Aviation School. Tsopano iye anali katswiri, ndipo posakhalitsa kudzakhala kotheka kuwerengera angati ndege mdani anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin. M'nyengo yozizira oyambirira 1939, iye anali kale katswiri makumi asanu ndi lachisanu Wankhondo Regiment ku Odessa. miyezi iwiri isanayambe nkhondo mu chimango cha kukonzanso Pokryshkin oyamba katswiri MiG-3, Kudzalanso ndi biplane I-15. Mu 1941 iye anali okalamba msilikali, atsogoleri squadron mkulu. Kumene, kutsogolo anabwera kuchokera maola loyamba la nkhondo. Mpaka kumapeto kwa 1942, iye anawulukira pa ndege Yak-1, I-16, MiG-3, ndipo mu 1943 anayesa kuuluka pa American "mphiri" (P 39) ndipo wolemekezeka kwambiri mu nkhondo ya Kuban.

Ndi nthawi iyi anali kale zotheka kunena mmene ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin. Ndi May 1943 iye anali 354 sorties, nkhondo mpweya 54, anawombera pansi 19 mdani ndege, amene anali kupereka mutu wa Hero kwa iye, kupereka dongosolo la Lenin ndi Star Gold. Mu August chaka chomwecho ankalandira yachiwiri Zototuyu Star. Kodi ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin mu nthawi yochepa chonchi? Makumi atatu! Panokha! Ndipo si onse. The 1943rd asilikali chaka lolimba iye ndi wachitatu mphoto. mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu sorties zana nkhondo makumi asanu ndi mpweya, makumi asanu downed adani! Ambiri otchuka wotchuka anabadwa kwa dziko lathu lamavutoli, koma Alexander Pokryshkin - ndi ngwazi katatu! Ndipo choyamba kwambiri! Popeza May 1944, analamula chinayi alonda Wankhondo Division mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, imene inatha mu udindo wa wamkulu. Pa Kugonjetsa perete mu June 1945, woyendetsa anagwira Pokryshkin kutsogolo mbendera.

Zimene zinachitika

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo, anaphunzira osati mu Frunze usilikali Academy, amene anamaliza mu 1948, ndipo anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Asilikali Academy ya General Wogwila. Kenako, pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zaka twente-faifi anali maudindo udindo mphamvu chitetezo cha dziko. Mu 1953, iye anakhala ambiri, ndipo mu 1972 - kulamulira, ndiye walunjika DOSAAF Soviet Union. The Region Novosibirsk anasankhidwa kazembe convocations eyiti zotsatizana anali membala wa Presidium wa USSR Supreme Soviet. Ndipo iye analemba buku chidwi, amene kuwerenga kuchokera pa ubwana Soviet. Tinali ndi chikondi chapadera "Mapiko a womenya," Kudziwa nokha nkhondo "," Kuthambo la nkhondo. "

nyota kwawo ndi mwapadera luso woyendetsa imawunikidwa pa mtengo. Kuwonjezera nyenyezi golide atatu a Hero, mu Pokryshkina seventini malamulo ndi mendulo ambiri analandira panthawi ya nkhondo. Awa naintini mphoto afika ngwazi za m'mayiko ena - Asia, Africa, Europe. Ngakhale United States anapatsidwa woyendetsa ili bwino Mendulo wake golide "Pakuti Service mu Battle" imene iye anapatsidwa m'malo mwa mutsogoleli Roosevelt. Mu 1993, mmodzi wa mapulaneti zazing'ono unadziwika ngati "Pokryshkin" ndipo mu 1995, anatsegula mu Novosibirsk dzina Pokryshkina Museum. Mu 2000, Novosibirsk okwerera sitima siteshoni analandira "Pokryshkinskaya" ndipo mu 2005 mu malo omwewo, pa Karla Marksa Square, chipilala ndi anamangidwira kwa woyendetsa wotchuka. Chipilala Aleksandru Ivanovichu Pokryshkinu kumeneko ndi Krasnodar. Mu Russia ndi Ukraine, misewu ambiri ali ndi mayina ngwazi ya. Polemekeza polimbana ndi countryman Novosibirsk dera wakhazikitsa Mendulo Pokryshkina kuti alimbikitse makamaka anthu olemekezeka amene adzipangira chopereka wapadera kwa maphunziro asilikali dziko lawo, kukhalabe nkhondowo wokonzeka dziko lathu, mu zopitiriza kukumbukira Siberians amene anafa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi nkhondo wotsatira.

makhalidwe

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, palibe anakhala wopambana katatu, ndipo minomwe basi oyendetsa athu anatha kugogoda pafupifupi kwambiri, mmene ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi Pokryshkin. Ndipo Kozhedub ndi Zhukov anayamba otchulidwa atatu pambuyo chigonjetso. Mu 1944, Pulezidenti US wotchedwa Alexander Pokryshkina bwino mpweya Ace. Koma osati chifukwa cha mmene. Zotsatira sizinayambe paokha. Pokryshkin anatulukira ndipo anayamba njira zosiyanasiyana kwathunthu kwa mpweya nkhondo. Komanso, iye anayesera izo ndi zomwe zagwiridwa, kuika osati miyoyo yawo, koma ngakhale dzina wabwino. Mmene kukhazikitsa chiphunzitso chakuti nkhondo mchitidwe Pokryshkin dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich, mmene ndege ambiri anawomberedwa pansi mosapita m'mbali - paraded kukhulupirira iye, ankadziwa kufunika chiphunzitso chatsopano ndi nkhani osiyana.

Pokryshkin munthu osati kwambiri amalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse kufuna cholinga ichi. Iye anali kusintha kwambiri, amatha kutsimikizira wosalakwa, osati kubwera kuchokera ku mbali imodzi vuto, monga winayo, ndi lachitatu. Komanso, chilungamo mu izo wakuthwa kuti iye onse n'zosavuta kuika pa khadi. Panali ngati nkhani anafotokoza mu zokumbukira Basil Sevastianova, Pokryshkina mnzake. Alamu makumi m'chaka, mafunde a kumangidwa ndi adani a anthu. Ndi Aviagorodok kumene Pokryshkin ndege amaphunzitsidwa ankagwira ntchito, nayenso, kupondereza sichimaperekedwa. Kuona mkazi wa woyendetsa anamangidwa anathamangitsidwa ndi ana lamanja pa msewu mvula, Pokryshkin anasiya pamene winayo, kutsitsa maso ake, anathamanga zapitazi. Atamva zimenezi, anafunsa Basil kuti pogona iye ndi malo ake banja ili. Ngakhale pambuyo chenjezo la zotsatira kuthandiza achibale a mdani, chisankho chawo sizinasinthe, anati woopa kanthu koma kulira ndi chisoni ana. Zinali moyo mfundo, namtsata Iye Pokryshkin nthawi zonse, mpaka mapeto a moyo wake. Analinso ndi ana ake. Ndi mkazi wake Mariya anakumana mu 1942 - kutsogolo. Mwana Alexander ndi mwana Svetlana anali munthu kukhala.

machenjerero

Mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo, pambuyo ndewu angapo Alexander Pokryshkin anazindikira kuti ndege wathu kumbuyo osati mwaukadaulo, komanso tactically. Zinali waluntha woyendetsa, choncho anazindikira kuti tiyenera njira zatsopano za nkhondo, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa vutoli izi. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndinayamba kuyambitsa njira zatsopano, ndege, anayamba bukhulo lomwe kuyamba njira yatsopano, ndi womenya nkhondo. Iye mwamsanga wodzazidwa ndi chintchito, matchati, zolemba. Ndipo malingaliro awo patsogolo zakonspektirovat, onetsetsani kuti nokha Pokryshkin Alexander, mwachidule anafotokoza kufufuza njira zothetsera ankatanthauza zolakwa, anatsindika sizinatheke. Zonsezi nthawi akusemphana ndi malangizo amene akhala zithandize ntchito ya Air Force.

Mphamvu ya mabwana nkhondo sanathe kutsimikizira. Choncho, kuti banja loyamba ambiri adani ogonjetsedwa Pokryshkin sanalandire matamando, ndi mowakalipira kwa khalidwe la nkhondo si monga mwa mwambo. Koma sanathe abwerere woyendetsa awo kafukufuku. Zachilendo mukuti, asterisks zambiri awonekere fuselage wa magalimoto downed mdani, kupeza asapita inkakambidwa ndi lamulo. Ndipo potsiriza, mu 1942, zabwino mpweya Ace anachotsedwa chipani, anaika alonda nyumba nasonkhanitsa kupereka khoti la asilikali chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a nkhondo. Mwayi - zinafika akuluakulu kwambiri ubwenzi ndi anafunsa kuwona njira yatsopano kunkhondo. Pokryshkina anamasulidwa kusonyeza Flight cholembedwa mwini. Ndipo ndege Pokryshkina anasonyeza zonse zimene mungathe. mabwana anasangalala. Komabe, anafunsa malangizo osati kuthyola kwambiri. Kodi izi ndi zotheka kwa namatetule zoona? namatetule woona sunakhale ukuchoka ku osati ake.

Kuban

Mu Kuban anali nkhondo aukali, ndege ndi analibe nthawi mokwanira. Commander - lodziwika bwino Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin - anaona woyendetsa Pokryshkina mu pamaso wake mpweya Ace anawomberedwa pansi mmodzi ndege zina zinayi. Vershinin yomweyo anaperekedwa Alexander Pokryshkin Order ya Red Chabwino, ndipo analamula kugonjera mutu wa Hero. Mu May 1943, msonkhano wa atsogoleri la Southern Front, ndege, kumene mkulu otchedwa ndi Pokryshkina. Alexander wosayankha; ndipo sadzakhala manyazi. Iye anapempha kuti alankhule ndi anati zikuchepa kuti malangizo onse akale oyendetsa ndi malangizo onse si zothandiza ndi zoipa, ayenera m'malo osachepera chifukwa oyendetsa wathu chifukwa kufa nthawi zambiri.

Koma ndiye iye anati kuti njira yatsopano ndi, ndipo anafotokoza motere otukuka mobwerezabwereza ayese machenjerero anu. Atakhala mu holo akazembe ndi Colonel anadabwa; osati sikunachitekepo azidzidalira, osati kwapadera mtima anakudzula kwinakwake Pokryshkin. Mwina, ngati bomba linaphulika mu chipinda, izo zingakhale zodabwitsa. Wolankhulayo lotsatira anali ndi mwachidule ankadzionetsera Vershinin. Choyamba, iye anavomereza kuti zolephera ndi zolakwa gulu la nkhondo yathu kwenikweni kwambiri, ndipo Pokryshkin nthawi zana bwino. Ndiyeno kuchokera kwa anthu onse amene analipo analandira kuti: zinachitikira matayala yomweyo kutengera ndi likulu la asilikali ayenera yomweyo kukonzekera analamulidwa kuti asilikali onse ogwira ntchito onse, kuphatikizapo amene njira opaleshoni kuti tidzasandulika. Apa zinali mu Pokryshkina ola abwino! Machenjerero nkhondo latsopano kwenikweni anatsimikizira nchito zake pa kagwiridwe ankhondo pa Kuban. mchitidwe A tayenda mwamsanga ndithu.

Kodi kumenyana Pokryshkin

Nthaŵi zonse anali oopsa kwambiri, chovuta kwambiri: kugogoda mkulu wa gululo, kudziwa madalaivala ambiri aluso ndi mwamakani. Pokryshkin zonse zotsogolera anabvala. The aces German anali dongosolo yemweyo: a squadron amachititsa waluso kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse - mkulu. Kodi akutsogolera chiwembucho? Malinga tizilomboto anaikira moto onse, ndiwo mfuti onse ndi mfuti zonse zouluka zoponya mabomba kuyesera kutetezera mbuye wake, ndipo anapotoza padziko wakusowa madzi womenya kuperekezedwa. Anaonedwa: nthawi za zimene zinachitika pa tizilomboto womenya ayenera kupewa aliyense wachiwiri ndi theka zipolopolo zikwi ndi zipolopolo. Mtsogoleri wa gulu la ozimitsa kuukira ngakhale kovuta. Komabe, mu mlengalenga, Germany anali zakutha kulimbana zabwino, monga athu anaphunzira ayi.

Ndipo Pokryshkin anaphunzitsa - mwaluso ndiponso mosalema. atumiki ake kumvetsa zaluso ndiponso anawapatsa nkhondo ndi chiyamiko. Choyamba, chifukwa anapulumuka, ndipo kachiwiri chifukwa chimodzimodzi kukhala aces. Alonda Regiment, kumene ankatumikira Pokryshkin, wotchuka kwa ophunzira ake: makumi atatu Gerov Soviet Union anapanga ulemerero uwu. Pokryshkin nkhani panokha downed ndege kuchuluka osati chifukwa podchinonnnyh awo akufunika anali moyo. Iye anati pamodzi iwo nthawi zambiri nasshibayut. Nthawi zambiri ndi mphindi yotsiriza anaponya cholinga kuti anali kale pa makina ounikira, amene kale analeredwa ndi ophunzitsidwa, ndi chirichonse kuthamangira kupulumutsa woyendetsa kuti squadron wake. Kwambiri Pokryshkina phindu lalikulu chakuti palibe akapolo ake anafa aliyense m'mikangano ya. Ngakhale downed adani monga iwo musaime. Popanda ophunzira awo, opanda anzawo, iye sakanakhoza kulingalira moyo.

kudzichepetsa

Pambuyo ulaliki wachitatu Golden Star ya Pokryshkin anaphunzira dziko lonse. manyuzipepala onse akuluakulu a dziko anali zithunzi wake. Ndiyeno iye analandira lamulo la magawano ndi dongosolo onyamula anakonza mu 1108, kuphatikizapo ngwazi pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi la Soviet Union. Okwana oyendetsa onse magawano anagogoda pa ndege zikwi mdani. Pa amadzibisa zonse ife lankhosa kuti Pokryshkin kwa zinachitikira.

Komabe Pokryshkin dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich anagwetsa ndege ambiri? Mwalamulo - makumi asanu ndi anayi. Editor a Maulendo Ake "Kumudziwa wekha ku nkhondo" Eugene Podolsky anayesa kupeza yeniyeni chithunzi, anthu ambiri wodziwa n'kumuuza kuti anali understated kwambiri. Pokryshkin shrugged ananena kuti si kwambiri, chofunika kwambiri ndi kuti gulu lonse mu 1147 anapha aces German.

makope woyendetsa

Koma zaka zisanu kenako, pamene woyendetsa wanzeru anali salinso moyo wamasiye ake, Mariya Kuzminichna anatsegula munthu Archive Alexander Pokryshkina. Ichi ndi zolemba zake, makalata, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - makope anasunga ku nkhondo, kumene mwatsatanetsatane mosavomerezeka mosamalitsa olembedwa onse a ndege downed - mtundu, malo ndiponso zochitika zonse imene zinachitika. Ndipo mbiri chabe kuti mwalamulo anatsimikizira asilikali pansi. A Pokryshkin kumenyana osati monga womenya, komanso kugwira ntchito reconnaissance. Iye zambiri anakomana naye mdani yekha pa Nyanja Black, motero Kulemba imfa ya mdani, palibe munthu akanakhoza. Komanso, Alexander Pokryshkin kumvetsa chisangalalo cha oyendetsa achinyamata zotsatira za mishoni nkhondowo, maganizo awo za kupanda zinachitikira, nchifukwa chake iwo musalekane pa makina mdani, kawirikawiri analimbikitsa anyamata kuti downed Nazi ndege - chifukwa awo.

Onse 1941 woyamba komanso pafupifupi buku lonse zaka 1942, pamene asilikali athu anali kuthawa, ndi woyamba ndi nyansi mtheradi, zimene zingathe anatsimikizira? Osati kwa iwo. Panalinso choncho kumene gawo akubwera kuchokera malo ndi ndewu sidawapulumutse zikalata ndodo, kutenthedwa makina zawo zonse - Flight ndi mabuku kuphatikizapo kumene Pokryshkina analembedwa ndege khumi downed ndi iyeyo.

Ndipo apa iwo zalembedwa yekha mu kope, chimene tinaona atamwalira kulamulira. Pokryshkin yekha osati analimbikira pa "analembadi" koma sananene Pankhaniyi - amene ankafukiza, izo atenthedwa. Iye konse kukambirana za iwowo pawokha ndipo walakwitsa zawo. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya Alexander Ivanovich, ofufuza anasonyeza kuti panali osachepera 116.

Alexander - Angachitsekereze ndi

Koma nyota za ena amayankhula mokweza ndi mosalekeza. Michael Devyatayev, amene anaba mumsasa "Heinkel 111" ndipo ndi akaidi yathu, kokha chifukwa Pokryshkin analandira Hero, ndiyeno pambuyo mavuto. Nkhondo itatha, ku msasa POW (linali gulu American!) Iwo anapulumutsidwa ankakonda mwana Ivan Babak, amene wakumenya woposa makumi anayi aces mdani ndi kale kuchoka zomvetsa chisoni Pokryshkin anapereka mutu wa Hero.

Pilot Gregory Dol'nikov anawomberedwa pansi, anamugwira, anathawa ndi ndiyenera wake, omwe anali atayamba womuweruza. Pokryshkin analowereraponso ndipo kumbuyo: "Ife Dolnikova khungu onse yonena kwalembedwa" - Iye anati. Ndipo ndithu, amene anali kukwapulidwa ndi kuzunzidwa mu ukapolo. Dzina Alexander anawamasulira kuchokera Greek momwe "kumbuyo". Pokryshkin kwathunthu ndilibe mlandu iye.