History ndi kukhazikitsidwa tsiku Saratov

Mbiri ya Saratov ali zaka zoposa zinayi. Panthawi imeneyi, mzinda anachokera linga ting'onoting'ono Strelets ndi yofunika mafakitale pakati m'dera Volga. Nthawi zina iye wakhala mafunde angapo a kuchuluka kwa anthu: the Old Okhulupirira, ankalamulira German amene kufuna moyo wabwino Amaya. Saratov - yaing'ono dziko m'mbiri ambiri otchuka a mbiri Russian, kuphatikizapo nduna tsarist yaikulu Petra Stolypina.

malire linga

Malinga ndi kutanthauzira ambiri amavomereza imatengedwa kuti tsiku maziko a Saratov - July 12, 1590. City ali anatuluka monga malo otetezedwa bwino, zinasintha pang'onopang'ono mu yolimbikitsa kwambiri malire kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Russia. Choncho chitukuko ndi kuthetsa m'mayiko ambiri anapitiriza. Tsiku maziko a mzinda wa Saratov chinachitikira ndi kuzungulira wina chitukuko malonda pa njira Volga.

Linga, omwe adamangidwa m'mphepete ndiye underdeveloped la mtsinje, ndi amphamvu chotchinga ndi zankhanza wa Nogai ndi Crimea Chitata. Woopsawo wongosamukasamuka kukakamiza boma tsarist pafupifupi imodzi kumanga Samara, Saratov ndi Tsaritsyn. Zonse za midzi iyi inali maziko bambo - Grigory Osipovich Zasekin. Fortifier waluso, wodziwa kapitawo wake ndi womanga wake anali mmodzi wa kanjedza akuluakulu kugwirizana ndi consolidating mphamvu Russia pa mtsinje wa Volga. 1590 TH (anakhazikitsidwa mu Saratov) - tsiku, kukhala yosaiwalika pa ntchito imeneyi. Chifukwa mpanda wolimba anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa kugwirizana okhazikika ndi malire m'munsi mwa malire chapamwamba wa Volga.

linga Features

Zasekin kudziwa zimene kudzakhala tsiku kukhazikitsidwa kwa Saratov, komanso zimene adzakhala malo apachiyambi a yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Iwo sizivuta Kuwoloka pa Volga Mtsinje, ili chimodzimodzi theka pakati Tsaritsyn ku Samara. Poyamba, pamudzi wa akutumikira za 300 oponya mivi. Pafupi m'mudzimo phiri. Dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsanja yabwino akumaona mtunda makilomita angapo mozungulira.

Mzindawu kutetezedwa osati malinga komanso zopinga zachilengedwe: otsetsereka, mtsinje, nkhalango, nyanja oxbow, mitsinje ndi nyanja yaing'ono. Pa mbali imodzi ya malire zachilengedwe Saratov anali chigwa. Tinayesetsa ndi omanga mzinda. Pamene ilo linali tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Saratov, pa malo achipululu pamaso panali makoma ndi nsanja.

servitors City

Mtima wa Pamudzi watsopano nthawi yomweyo anakhala Office kazembeyo. Pambali wake, oponya mivi pabwalo, akuru ndi asilikali ena. The mzinda wonsewo wotanganidwa nyumba amalonda ndiponso amisiri. Service anthu (kuphatikizapo gunners a) ankakhala pafupi ndi mpanda wa mzinda, kotero kuti vuto la maso nthawi yomweyo kukonzekera chitetezo cha mzindawo.

Kulekanitsidwa ena nyumba anali onga kosungira, nkhokwe ndi mkate ndi ndende. Kapangidwe yaitali unali mpingo umene towered pa nyumba zina. Saratov makamaka anamanga mtengo, nchifukwa chake panali zoopsa zonse za moto. Chifukwa chitetezo cha anthu a mbiya ndi ng'anjo zitsulo anali nkhwimba. Wopambana kukhazikitsidwa tsiku Saratov ndi zinthu zachilengedwe m'munsi Volga dera asiya mzinda kukula mofulumira. Panali yaikulu osafikiridwa malo achonde ndipo msipu wochuluka. Bortnye malo wolemera kusaka ndi anakopeka atsamunda onse atsopano.

The kuchuluka kwa anthu

Mu mbiri ya Russian kulamulira wa tsiku Volga la kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda wa Saratov anakhala chizindikiro zofunika, kenako kuchuluka anthu ochokera ku dera chawonjezeka kwambiri. Service anthu oyendayenda m'chipululu chifukwa cha chiyembekezo latsopano ndi malipiro abwino. The oponya mivi limodzi ndi zombo wamalonda ndi katundu, kulimbana osati ndi woyendayendawu Nogai, komanso Cossacks magulu "akuba 'lija amalonda.

Anayambitsa Grigoriy Zasekin anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe chake choyamba. Iye anali woyang'anira moyo mzindawo lonse ndipo anali ndi udindo kwa malipiro a musketeers malipiro. Masiku onse a moyo wa zochitika asilikali, iwo ankachita horticulture, ulimi olimapo ndi kuswana ziweto. Yoweyula wotsatira wa anthu amene ankafuna kukhala Saratov, anaonekera mu m'ma XVII, pamene boma Russian anapulumuka wamagazi nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi Polish alowererepo.

Mu Nthawi ya Mavuto

Against limakhala ya zoopsa za kunkhondo, anthu a posadas ndi amphawi kuthawa chisokonezeko a zigawo chapakati pamodzi Volga. Tsiku la mapangidwe Saratov - 1590, koma pambuyo zaka 20 wakula mu mzinda weniweni likuvutika anthu osoŵa. Pa nthawi yomweyo Volga linga anapirira kuponderezana lalitali la Cossacks m'deralo, analamula pretenders osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo Ileyka Muromets Ilya Gorchakov).

M'chaka cha 1607 panali kuopseza latsopano. kalonga A Ivan August anasonkhana Cossack detachment Tsaritsin anagwidwa ndi anasamukira mmwamba Volga. Saratov asilikali ndiye analamula Vladimir Anichkov sachedwa chifukwa ndi Saburov. The zokometsera a linga atathamangitsidwa kuukira onse ndi gulu sanalole lake n'kukalowa mumzindawo.

mavuto atsopano

Tsarevich Ivan ankati anathawira Don, kumene anaphedwa mu kukumana ndi asilikali a Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II. Saratov komanso mwachidule anasiya kutsatira wa Moscow akuluakulu - mphamvu izo anagwira kumbali ya wonamizira wina.

Posachedwapa dziko adzafika, koma 1614 ndi kuthetsa anali atagonjetsedwa tsoka weniweni. City moto mpaka pansi. Anthu ambiri anaphedwa ndipo Otsala anathawira ku Samara. Pang'onopang'ono, kulinga akadali limzake. chitsitsimutso chake chinachitikira ndi kubwezeretsa ulamuliro yovomerezeka mu Moscow (mpando wachifumu anadutsa ku Romanov mafumu).

Dera Volga, azungu anapitiriza moyo wake zigawo asakhalenso zilakolako akuluakulu andale. Chochitika chachikulu apa chinali kumanga linga watsopano (mwachitsanzo, achikhazikitso deta m'munsi anali kudera Saratov). Mbiri ya dera m'zaka XVII, amadziwika wopereŵera ndithu. Mu 1636, Adam Olearius anapita Saratov - mutu wa akazembe German, anasiya katundu wake wapadera moyo Russian.

kukula kuthetsa

Mu 1674, pamene Alexis, Saratov linga anagwidwa malo atsopano pafupi Sokolova phiri. Pa ndawala Persian , anakacheza Peter I. Saratov Base kalekale pa. Tsopano mzinda pang'ono ayamba ndi osauka. Apaulendo chikondwerero misewu yolunjika ndi wolemera kugula arcades. Saratov unakhala likulu la mbiya, zotsimikizira kupanga kulima mbewu, mchere. Kunyada kwa anthu a m'deralo wakhala fakitale kuti chopangidwa taffeta, bafuta ndi masitonkeni. Mu 1774 m'tauni ya kumenyana ndi detachment wa Emelyana Pugacheva. kugalukira wake anali kale pa miyendo yake yomaliza. Ataman anamangidwa kugwa kufupi Saratov.

Kukula kwa mzinda ndi midzi yozungulira achititsa nzika, olamulira ndi amalonda. anthu atsopano akabwera ndi zokha. otereŵa anayamba kuthawa ndi serfs wa landlords lapansi. Ndidakhala kuchuluka anayambika padziko Temple (mwachitsanzo, tsogolo Hvalynsk). Mu zaka za m'ma XVIII, iwo anakhala anthu oposa 200 zikwi m'dera Saratov. Nthawi imeneyi, mzinda anamanga antchito kuthetsa latsopano amalima mchere pa nyanja Elton.

chigawo likulu

Mwina Saratov lero zingakhale lalikulu Pamudzi, ngati akali Catherine II zinasaina lamulo pa wasamuka mu mphepete m'dera la otsutsa lapansi. Old Okhulupirira anakhazikitsa midzi ambiri, kuphatikizapo Balakovo ndi Pugachev. kukula zinachitika mu Saratov kum'mwera chakumadzulo, komwe malo omwe anthu amakhalako latsopano anaonekera. Mu 1803, mzinda ali zisudzo chake choyamba. Mu nyengo Catherine II, likulu sankangofunika anasefukira ndi atsamunda German.

Mu 1782 Province Saratov unakhazikitsidwa. Mpaka 1850 unakhalabe imodzi yaikulu lonse Russia. Mu Saratov ndi madera ozungulira asankha anthu ku zigawo chapakati, pamene pali kuchepa kwa dziko. Kuwonjezera atsamunda Russian ndi German anakakhala ku dera Ukrainians Mordvinians Chitata. Malinga ndi 1897 kalembera kuchigawo Saratov moyo okwana 2.5 miliyoni ndipo chiwerengerochi kuposa 3 miliyoni madzulo wa First World nkhondo. Growth anasiya chifukwa cha mwazi ndi mavuto wotsatira. Chiwerengero cha Saratov ndi anthu 242 sauzande. Iwo unali mzinda waukulu kwambiri Volga dera lonse (more Kazan, Astrakhan, Samara ndi Nizhny Novgorod).

Saratov Stolypin

zokopa ambiri Saratov ndi madera ozungulira akukhudzana Petrom Stolypinym (1862-1911), mwina kwawo wotchuka. Wotchuka States Nicholas II nyengo zaka zingapo anagwirizira udindo kwa Nduna ya Russia. Iye anali E yaikulu ya kusintha mu nthawi ya Tsarist Duma. mayendedwe ake ndale inayamba mu Saratov lakwawo - mu 1903 anaikidwa kukhala kazembe wa Saratov. Mu 1906 anakhala mtumiki wa mkati ndi anathawa mumzindamo, kumene anapita akufika yekha.

Stolypin anaphedwa pambuyo kuomberedwa mu zisudzo Kiev. mpando umene anakhala pansi pambuyo amapha mufika chipolopolo kuika Saratov owonetsera zakale dera. Komanso mtawuni ndi chithunzi cha mtumiki pachimake, penti ndi lalikulu Russian wojambula Iley Repinym. Mu 2002 anapita woyamba mu Saratov mu Russia lero Stolypin chipilala.

Soviet linatukuka

Chifukwa cha World Choyamba ndi Civil nkhondo, ulimi Saratov kwambiri adzitsitsa. Pokhapokha panatenga zaka zoposa khumi, voliyumu ya ulimi anadza kwa mlingo maso pa 1913. Mu 30 ntchentche. mzinda anakumana mafakitale ndi collectivization. Kutembenuka nyengo zimadalira zimene tsopano ndi Saratov.

Photos amakampani zambiri zamakono - zithunzi za zomera, zochokera mafakitale yaukapolo. Zikuphatikizapo "Universal" - .. The fakitale chinkhoswe kupanga zida makina, komanso kuluka fakitale kukatentha chomera, nyama, etc. Chifukwa mafakitale zasintha kapangidwe ka makampani mu Saratov. Kuwonjezeka mbali pazochitika zitsulo, ndipo kuchepa - FOOD makampani.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, makampani ambiri ochokera m'madera frontline akhala anasamutsidwa kumalo wachibale wa Saratov. Photos ndi ndemanga la alendo odzacheza mzinda lero, kufotokoza izo monga malo kupanga ano, mbali yaikulu likulu zachuma nawuyika 1941-1945. zinthu zina wakhala labala, nsalu ndi makampani kuwala kwa makampani m'deralo.

Ilili mzinda wa Saratov, Chichewa, ili zosiyana, mbasiya mtsinje wa Volga, anali anasamutsidwa Bryansk Engineering Bzalani, m'tsogolo kukhala trolleybus. Panali china zatsopano. Choncho, Suli kutali Saratov munakhazikitsidwa kupanga mafuta amene anadza kwa mudzi pa payipi mwapadera anamanga. Ambiri mwa makampani kuti reorganized pansi zosowa za kutsogolo, nchifukwa chake pa chuma m'tawuni chawonjezeka cholowa cha zomangamanga kulemera makina.

Khumi zapitazi

Mu 1950, ntchentche. Saratov ndi midzi yozungulira pakhala angapo makampani zikuluzikulu malonda mankhwala a. Kukhala ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta, kuphatikizapo gasi, mafuta shale, mafuta ndi kutentha makampani mphamvu. City anakopeka koposa kwambiri oyenerera akatswiri a sayansi-luso mbiri.

Mwazina, kusinthidwa zipangizo, Makina ndi zomera kupanga zamagetsi. Imodzi, ndi pakati dera anali mmodzi wa amadzibisa a Virgin Nthaka Upturned mu zigawo steppe wa RSFSR ndi Kazakhstan.

Mu 1970, ntchentche. m'dera Saratov anabadwa ndipo mofulumira anayamba reclamation zovuta. Anamanga ngalande ulimi kachitidwe, komanso ena zomangamanga ofanana. Saratov lero amakhalabe mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dera Volga. Pamodzi ndi ilili mzinda wa Chichewa, ndipamene ndi agglomeration ndi anthu anthu miliyoni.