Economy Political. Neoliberalism - ndi ... (tanthauzo) Neoliberalism: sukulu ya Wachiwiri-liberalism, oimira

Economic sayansi kwa nthawi yaitali wadutsa kutali mpaka lero. maganizo osiyanasiyana ndi malamulo akhala analitsegula, anaphunzira ndipo anayamba pa maziko awo njira yoyenera kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito za anthu. Economy Political ikufotokoza mbali zambiri za chiphunzitso, mkati yamtunduwu ake. Latsopano ziphunzitso, makhalidwe, malamulo ndi malingaliro oyenera chidwi asayansi, chifukwa zimakhudza umoyo wa anthu lonse. Neoliberalism - chiphunzitso chatsopano zachuma, amene waukulu mbali ndi zinthu za m'munda wa kafukufuku kwenikweni kuzilingalira mosamalitsa.

zikamera

Neoliberalism amatchedwa kachitidwe latsopano chuma, zomwe prioritizes gulu wamba kasamalidwe ka boma sanali kulowelera mu ndondomeko zolimbana ubale pakati pa nzika za ndikofunika kupereka malonda mafakitale. Zotsatira anatuluka mu zaka zana la 19.

Magwero a chiphunzitso ichi ndi chochoka kwa dongosolo owolowa manja asayansi British Adam Smith ndi David Ricardo. Maganizo awo, boma ayenera kuthandizapo pa ntchito zachuma za nkhani ndi kochepa.

Neoliberalism - izo ndi chifukwa cha sukulu ya ganizo Germany, oimira amene anali m'gulu la anthu oyamba kuganizira chuma ndale ngati sayansi ya khalidwe la kasamalidwe dziko zachuma.

Kukulitsa ndi kuwongolera, neoliberalism mu ndale ndi chuma chabutsa kwambiri za malangizo ndi ziphunzitso inakhala maziko a mudziwe zambiri asayansi padziko lonse.

Oimira wotchuka

Neoliberalism, amene mamembala a zikuchitika masiku ano a sayansi zachuma, otsutsa zimaonetsa ndi Keynesianism. Maganizo awo, udindo wa boma kokha kupereka Nzofunikira kulenga mpikisano ndi polojekiti kumadera zinthu izi ndi kwina.

Pakuti neoliberals sukulu monga neoavstriyskaya (V. Hayek), Chicago (Milton Friedman), Freiburg (Erhard L. ndi W. Eucken).

masiyanidwe Large maganizo anatsimikiza chitukuko cha m'masukulu ambiri ndi njira kuphunzira malamulo a chenicheni zachuma.

mfundo

Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika za neoliberalism. Iwo kudziwa udindo wa kuphunzitsa dera lino. neoliberalism Economic ndi mfundo monga ufulu wa munthu, konstitutsializm, Kuyanjana pakathi pa mamembala onse a anthu. Mfundo kudziwa pa chitukuko ubale chuma ndi katundu payekha ndi entrepreneurship.

Self-lamulo la chuma msika komanso amathandiza kuti centralized kasamalidwe kuchita dera chikhalidwe. Kusokonekera kwa ndalama ayenera kuganizira zofuna za anthu osauka mu malo oyamba. Kumalimbitsa chilungamo chikhalidwe.

Kutengera pa mfundo zikuluzikulu za liberalism, neoliberalism anali wokhoza kuti azolowere ndi kutsatira angapo mfundo yatsopano akavalidwe chibadidwe machitidwe ena a zachuma (kuphatikizapo zokomera).

German zakale School

M'zaka za m'ma 19 ku Germany tingachipeze powerenga kufalitsa sukulu sanalandire. Choncho, pamenepo adawonekera azimuth zakale zomwe zinali zochokera angapo mfundo. oimira ake amanena kuti ambiri malamulo chuma kupanga ndi yogawa - zopeka, ndipo anafotokoza akule bwino ndi neoliberalism. Sukulu ya Wachiwiri-liberalism umenewu anali ndi maganizo kuti gulu chuma chilichonse dziko ayenera ntchito malinga ndi malamulo yake. Iwo chimatanthauza malo ndi mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo mtundu wa dziko.

Limati magawo atatu a chitukuko cha malangizowo. Woyamba madeti 40-60 mi zaka za m'ma 19. Izi otchedwa sukulu yakale mbiri. Yachiwiri inatenga ku 70s ku 90s kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Mu nthawi iyi anapanga latsopano sukulu mbiri. Ndiye pali analengedwa kachitidwe atsopano. Wachitatu zoyambirira za m'ma 20 anayambitsa zatsopano sukulu mbiri.

The sukulu yakale mbiri

Anakhazikitsa sukulu mbiri ya Liszt, amene ankatsutsa zapamwamba English. Iye anafotokozera za mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe neoliberalism. School of neoliberalism lagona pa nthawi imeneyi, anapitiriza mfundo za maganizo ake.

chuma Social, malinga ndi mbali ya malangizo izi zimatheka ndi ntchito mgwirizano pakati pa anthu. Policy mu nkhani iyi ayenera pogwirizanitsa misa ndi kuphunzitsa fuko ndi mfundo za chitukuko mafakitale. Pakuti aliyense siteji ya ulimi ali pulogalamu yake ayenera akuyendera, kulola kukwaniritsa magulu onse a anthu waudindo wake.

boma, malinga Liszt, ayenera kuphimba mtundu wonse, zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe makalasi ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Limalangiza khama lalikulu limasonyeza munthu m'njira yoyenera kukwaniritsa zofuna yaitali anthu.

Latsopano sukulu mbiri

Anabwera mochedwa popanga chiphunzitso neoliberal mu chilengedwe chatsopano. Germany panthawi imeneyo kale monga mtundu united, koma akuluakulu a boma ndi mwamakani maganizo mfundo yachilendo amalembedwa nthawi imeneyi.

Imodzi mwa oimira yowala ya Wachiwiri-liberalism nthawi anakhala G. Schmoller. Iye analankhula za kufunika kwa kulankhulana a azimuth ndi chikhalidwe cha, Chaanthu, mbiri ndi sayansi ndale.

Zochita zachuma Schmoller kuzindikiridwa mbali zitatu za ntchito: chodzikonda, mfundo zachikhalidwe, chikondi. Ntchito ya oimira boma anaona maganizo amenewa za maphunziro, thanzi, pa chitukuko ubale mkati anthu, okalamba, ana ndi anthu olumala. L. Brentano atapereka lingaliro la kuwonongedwa kwa lochitira mwa antchito.

Atsopano sukulu mbiri

The neoliberalism ndale anafika monyanyira kwambiri m'nyengo chisanadze nkhondo. Werner Sombart ntchito zake anasiyanitsa "mtundu wa amalonda" (English) "dziko la ngwazi" (German). Iye anakhulupirira kuti yotsirizira ali ndi ufulu kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu asilikali kudzachotsa woyamba kuti apeza pa zaka za chitukuko cha ntchito zamalonda ndi mafakitale.

umenewu ndi choikidwa Boma ntchito E akukonzekera citukuko zachuma. Pali munaukitsidwa lingaliro la okhwima centralization mphamvu ndi kalasi gulu la anthu mu makalasi. mfundo zimenezi zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito Nazi German ndipo anakhala mbali ya malamulo awo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Weber analimbikitsa kuganizira zenizeni chuma poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo kwake koyenera. Mwa kutsimikiza zolakwika pamenepa, iye ankafufuza digiri ya kusatsatira. Malingaliro yaikulu ya neoliberalism, yomwe yapangidwa pa nthawi ya German sukulu mbiri, anapitiriza m'madera ena ganizo zachuma Mwachitsanzo, mu institutionalism American ndi ordoliberalizme.

Freiburg sukulu

Pamaziko a maganizo a latsopano sukulu mbiri anayamba Freiburg School. Limatchedwanso ordoliberalnoy. Komabe, kwa mfundo imeneyi, neoliberalism - chiphunzitso tikunena njira zazikulu za citukuko za anthu amene amathandiza chonena kuti munthu chuma payekha ayenera kulimbikitsidwa mu njira ya ulimi. Koma boma malinga Wachiwiri-olekerera nyengo ayenera alowerere chuma, asilikali ake phindu ndi mpikisano.

Imodzi mwa oimira otchuka malangizowo anali W. Eucken. Iye anafotokoza mitundu iwiri ya nkhani zachuma. Anira munthu limaposa centralized, ndi zina - pagulu. zizindikiro zimenezi m'malingaliro zimapezeka mu kachitidwe kalikonse. chimodzi cha zizindikiro Only chimakhala chogwidwa kwambiri.

Chicago ndi sukulu neoavstriyskaya

Ndi sukulu neoavstriyskoy maganizo kwambiri a zachuma ndi Friedrich Hayek. Iye anayamba maganizo a Adam Smith ndi kuneneratu za kutsatira mfundo za mpikisano. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena zikamera dongosolo mowiriza mu chuma. Malinga ndi iye, mpikisano mothandizidwa ndi kusintha mtengo momveka bwino kuti msika ophunzira za mwai kuti atsegule patsogolo pawo.

Iye ankakhulupirira kuti msika zimagwirira ali akuyendera gulu atakomoka. Choncho, mfundo ayenera mwiniwakeyo momasuka. Izi zidzathandiza mabungwe onse msika bungwe m'njira yabwino.

Nthumwi yowala sukulu Chicago ndi Milton Friedman. Iye Pamilunguyo zoti boma sayenera kuloledwa kulamulira buku la ulimi, mitengo, ntchito ndi chilengedwe chuma. Ziyenera yekha zonse mlingo wa ndalama kupezeka. Katswiri izi, kusintha okwanira ndalama kwambiri zimakhudza zinthu msika.

Milton Friedman ankanena kuti msika angathe zimathandiza kuti Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi kuteteza izo. Neoliberalism mu chuma, mu maganizo ake, amalola kupewa njira ya oipa ndi magulu chidwi cha anthu. Ndipotu, msika anasangalala mchitidwe uliwonse. Kusiyana kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi gulu osiyana.

Popeza familiarized ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi malangizo a maganizo chuma limeneli, tinganene kuti neoliberalism - dongosolo kukhulupirira kuti ananenetsa wamphamvu galimoto mphamvu kudziona lamulo la msika. The State allocated chabe ena cholepheretsa ntchito.