Yerevan: Population ndi mwachidule mbiri ya mzinda

Kumzinda waukulu wa Armenia ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yakalekale mu dziko lero ali oposa miliyoni okhala. dzina lake amagwirizana ndi fuko amene anakhala pa nthawi ina m'mayiko amenewa, ndiye mayina a olamulira, ngati si ndi nthano a chigumula. Bakuman ali kuti wowopsa Nowa anafuula kuti: "Iwo unadza" "Erevats", kutanthauza, sadzachitanso kuona dziko ndi mfundo kuti zinyalala chigumula madzi. Chionetserochi chinachitika pa malo tsopano ndi likulu la dziko la Armenia. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, anthu a Yerevan amalenga mbiri ya mzindawu kwa zaka.

M'munsi mwa mpanda wolimba wa Erebuni

Deti la maziko a mzinda yotchedwa Erebuni kumanzere gombe la Ararati chigwa (pa mtsinje Araks) akuti ndi 782 BC. Mfumu ya Urartu - boma wakale, yomwe inali mmalire a Armenia lero, kum'mawa Turkey, kumpoto-kumadzulo Iran ndi mabwalo yoyenda yokha ya Azerbaijan, Argishti Ine m'chaka chachisanu cha ulamuliro wake, anakhazikitsa kuthetsa latsopano lomwe kenako ntchito ngati maziko a m'nkhalango yowirira m'dera la Nyanja Sevan ndi kutetezeredwa Ararati chigwa. Mabwinja, malinga ndi nthano, anakhala pothawirapo Nowa m'Baibulo ndi banja lake onse chigumula ndi pambuyo, anazipeza kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wamakono pansi pa dzina la Yerevan.

Anthu ambiri a linga kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC anali makamaka akaidi (pansi Baibulo ena - ankhondo) kuchokera chakum'mawa kwa yachonde Chiameniya, chimenenso, nawo ntchito zokhudzana ndi maziko a mzinda. mbiri Mwambo wa iwo anachoka mu mwala pa phiri mu Mbiri. anthu Yerevan ndiye anali 6.600. Patapita nthawi, linga la anawonongedwa, kenako umboni olembedwa a mzinda zilipo. Amadziwika kuti m'nthawi wachitatu BC, Yerevan, anthu amene ndiye anali wa Mkhristu kapena dera Manichean anapitiriza kulibe ulamuliro wa munthu wina "wolamulira."

Tchulani mu "Book of Letters"

Medieval Yerevan anali m'dera la wosatha nkhondo aku Iran-Byzantine nakhala mpando cha zolakwa nthawi am'deralo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapeza kutchula koyamba za mzinda wa ku magwero Chiameniya - "Book of Letters". Komanso, amadziwika kuti m'nthawi ya cinai, mudzi anali okwana anthu khumi ndi zikwi makumi awiri, ndi Yerevan anali chikhalidwe likulu. Komabe, anthu wamba anali yafupika atagonjetsedwa ndi Tamerlane, ndi ena nyumba kuti tsopano akhala zipilala mbiri anawonongedwa.

M'bwalomo Ottoman-Safavid nkhondo

A zimakhudza kwambiri pa nkhaniyi zaziwerengero mu dera ndi zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu nawo nkhondo choopsa pakati pa Ottoman ndi Safavids, ndi wongosamukasamuka, amene olamulira m'dera kufesa ndewu ndi kufooketsa m'deralo. N'zochititsa chidwi chiwerengero cha ku Armenia, ndipo mu 1580 magulu Ottoman pafupifupi kuwonongedwa mumzindawo n'kuulanda 60,000 Asilamu ndi Akristu.

M'malo mwa mphamvu ya analamula achire wa anthu onse kumeneko kuti Persia a Ottoman nafika ku dziko la anthu ochepa, ndiye basi lidzawotchedwa zonse mu njira yake, Kukhala malo mafuko woyendayendawu. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Yerevan (anthu chabe anali mafuko woyendayendawu), Karabakh ndi Ganja anatenga mabanja zikwi makumi asanu, ndipo posakhalitsa chiwerengero cha anthu wachulukitsa kangapo.

Chifukwa cha nkhondo zosatha ndiponso kusakhazikika ambiri mu dera mu 1804, ankakhala mumzinda okwana pafupi anthu zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Komabe, zaka makumi awiri kenako, anthu anali anthu oposa zikwi makumi awiri.

m'chigawo Erivan

Woyamba zalembedwa zokhudza chiwerengero ndi mitundu zikuchokera kwa anthu Yerevan anaonekera mu theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene mzindawo unakhala likulu la dera la Armenia mu Russian Ufumu (linakhazikitsidwa Yerevan, kapena Erivan, m'chigawo ndi pakati mu mzinda wa Yerevan). Population (Mtundu panopa anthu zafotokozedwa pansipa) ndiye kwakukulukulu anasamukira ku Perisiya, kotero kuti chiwerengero cha alendo kumeneku kuchepa wokwanira anthu 11 300 1833.

The zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu mzindawo (malinga ndi kafukufuku kwa 1829) anagawa motere:

• Armenia munamutcha 36% ya m'deralo;
• Azerbaijanis anali pafupifupi 64% wene;
• Russian, Yezidi ndi Kurds mu mzinda konse.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma makumi awiri, anthu Yerevan a chawonjezeka ndi anthu pafupifupi zikwi makumi atatu. N'zochititsa chidwi anasintha ndi mitundu zikuchokera. Mu 1897, panali 43% a ku Armenia, Azerbaijanis - 42%, Russian - 9,5%, Yezidis ndi Kurds - 0,22%, mitundu ina - 4,5%.

Monga mbali ya Russian Ufumu udindo wa mzinda akuzigawo wa Yerevan zimasunga mawonekedwe a m'mudzi akuzigawo. Yopanga ubongo zinali ndi mafakitale zingapo m'deralo, mafakitale njerwa ndi mowa wamphesa, ndi m'misewu yopapatiza anatambasula one- ndi awiri-storey matope nyumba.

Yerevan ku Soviet Union

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Soviet Yerevan anakhala likulu la Republic of Armenia. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukhazikitsanso zikuluzikulu mumzinda;

• magetsi, madzi okwanira ndi dongosolo sewerage kunachitika;
• pafupifupi onse omangidwa patsogolo, anali ataphedwa;
• anaika misewu yatsopano ndi bungwe m'minda nkhalango kuti iteteze mzindawo kuchokera mikuntho fumbi;
• anamanga zinthu chikhalidwe: masewera a depository wa mipukutu yakale, zakale ndi zipilala.

M'zaka mwachangu anayamba Yerevan. Population, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira mofulumira, unakhala m'dziko lonse olaula. Choncho, ngati pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi ku Armenia munamutcha 43% wa nzika, ndiye ndi 1959 chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka ndi 93%. Chaka chomwecho, chiwerengero cha anthu a Yerevan anali theka miliyoni.

anthu Current

nthawi Inexorable sanathe misozi mzinda pa mapu - Today likulu la palokha Armenia ndi Yerevan. Chiwerengero cha mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya m'dzikoli anthu oposa miliyoni, mlandu mmodzi mwa atatu anthu onse a boma. Zoposa 64% mfulu wa Armenia (Chiameniya anthu a anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu) moyo m'mizinda ikuluikulu (Yerevan, Gyumri ndi Vanadzor), kotero kuti m'dziko pali mkulu mlingo wa mizinda. Theka la m'tawuni amakhala mwachindunji ku Yerevan.

zikuchokera National

Malinga ndi kalembera wa, anthu a Armenia 2001 (omwe ali otsiriza enieni deta), zikuchokera mitundu zikufotokozedwa mwa magulu amenewa:

• Chiameniya (98.5%);
• Russian (0.5%);
• Yezids (0.31%);
• Chiyukireniya (0.06%).

Anapezeka ku Yerevan, Aperisiya, Agiriki, Georgia, Kurds ndi Asuri.