Alexander 1: yochepa mbiri ndi mapangidwe a Board

Alexander Pavlovich Romanov anabadwa pa December 12, 1777 ku St. Petersburg. Iye anali ndiwotani mdzukulu wa Catherine II ndi mwana wamkulu wa wolowa ufumu wa Paulo. Ndi atate wa mwana iye anali pa ubwenzi silikuyenda bwino, kotero iye analeredwa ndi agogo ake korona.

wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu

Pa nthawi imeneyo, anali maganizo otchuka choonadi ndi umunthu. Malinga iwo anaphunzitsidwa ndi Alexander 1. Mwachidule yonena za mfumu m'tsogolo muli maphunziro zochokera ntchito za Rousseau. Pa nthawi yomweyo bambo ankaphunzitsa mwana zochitika asilikali.

Mu 1793, mnyamata anakwatira kalonga German, analandira ubatizo m'dzina la Elizabeth Alekseevna. Ndiye anakagwira asilikali Gatchina kuti zinalengedwa ndi Paulo. Ndi imfa ya bambo Catherine anakhala mfumu ndipo Alexander - wolowa wake. Pakuti kukhala amakonda zochitika za boma, Alexander anapanga atakhala Senate.

Alexander 1, kanthawi yonena umene unali wodzala ndi Choonadi, anali wamphamvu kutali ndi bambo ake ndi maganizo ake. Paulo zambiri ndinkakangana ndi mwana wake, ndipo ngakhale atamukakamiza kangapo kutenga lumbiro la kukhulupirika. Mfumu wosangalala monyanyira kuopa conspiracies, amene anagawanika m'zaka XVIII.

March 12, 1801 ku St. Petersburg unapangidwa bungwe ndi zokhumba d'etat. Pakati kunali gulu la anthu olemekezeka. Mpaka tsopano ofufuza amati, ngati Alexander ankadziwa za mapulani a anachitira chiwembu. mwanjira ina, koma amadziwika kuti pamene Paulo anaphedwa, anauzidwa kuti wolowa nyumba ya. Choncho adakhala mfumu ya Russia.

kusintha

Zaka zoyambilira Politika Aleksandra 1 kwathunthu lolunjika pa kusintha mkati mwa dziko. Chinthu choyambirira anali Amnesty waukulu. Iye anamasula freethinkers ambiri ndipo anavulala pa ulamuliro wa Paulo. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Alexander Radishchev, amene anataya chifuniro cha buku la nkhani "Ulendo ku St. Petersburg ku Moscow."

Kenako, Alexander anadalira maganizo a anzake highborn, amene anapanga komiti chinsinsi. Ena mwa iwo anali Mfumu achinyamata anzanu - Pavel Stroganov, Viktor Kochubey Adamu Czartoryski, etc ...

kusintha anali umalimbana easing serfdom. Mu 1803 panali lamulo pa alimi free, umene landlords tsopano mungathe kumasula wamba ndi dziko. Russian kuti usanakhalepo sanalole Alexander kupita njira zambiri zotsimikizika. Kusintha angakane olemekezeka. Koma kazembe bwinobwino loletsa serfdom m'dera Baltic, kumene malamulo Russian anali achilendo.

1 Alexander kusintha zachititsa kuti pakhale maphunziro. ndalama zina analandira kwa Moscow State University. Komanso anatsegula Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (kumene anaphunzitsidwa achinyamata Alexander Pushkin).

ntchito Speranskii

The wothandizira pafupi ndi mfumuyo inali Mikhail Speransky. Iye anakonza kusintha otumikira, amene anali adavomereza ndi Alexander 1. Mwachidule yonena za mkulu analandira kanthu wina opambana. mautumiki atsopano m'malo inefficient gulu Petrine nyengo.

Mu 1809 Kulemba kusodza ya Kulekana kwa mphamvu za mu boma. Komabe, Alexander sanayese n'komwe kupereka moyo lingaliro limeneli. Anaopa akatiputa wa apamwamba ndi kulanda boma lina yachifumu. Choncho Speranski n'kukakhala ku mithunzi ndi anachotsedwa. Chifukwa china chimene kusintha anali anapinda, anali nkhondo ndi Napoleon.

mfundo yachilendo

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII France anakumana kusintha kwambiri. Ufumu anawonongedwa. M'malo mwake, anaonekera Republic poyamba, ndiyeno chimodzi-munthu ulamuliro wa bwino mtsogoleri wa asilikali Napoleon Bonaparte. France ngati kukuchitika wa chosintha makani anakhala mdani wa monarchies mtheradi wa Europe. Ndipo Catherine, ndipo Paulo anamenyana ndi Paris.

Mfumu Alexander 1 nawonso anayamba ndi odana ndi French mgwirizano. Komabe, kugonjetsedwa pa Austerlitz, zinachititsa chakuti Russia anali pafupi kugonjetsedwa mu 1805. Ndiye Politika Aleksandra 1 anasintha: anakumana Bonaparte ndipo inachita Pangano la Tilsit, umene inakhazikitsa chosalowerera ndale, ndi mu Russia panali mwayi kulumikiza Finland ndi Moldova, chomwe chidachitika. Iwo uli pa gawo latsopano kumpoto Mfumu ntchito zimene anachita kusintha.

Finland anali linalanda monga Grand Duchy ndi Sejm wake ndi ufulu. M'tsogolo, m'chigawo ali ndi ufulu kwambiri m'chigawo lonse m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Komabe, mu 1812, Napoleon anaganiza kuti aukire Russia. Choncho anayamba World nkhondo II, kudziwika kwa onse, "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Borodino ndi French anapatsidwa Moscow, koma zinali bwino zakanthawi za Bonaparte. Opanda chuma, anathawa Russia.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Alexander 1, kanthawi mbiri yomwe ndi zonse zochitika zosiyanasiyana, anatsogolera gulu lankhondo ntchito yachilendo. Iye apambana ndipo analowa Paris nakhala ngwazi ya Ulaya yense. Triumpher lotsogoleredwa ndi Russian nthumwi pa Congress wa Vienna. Pa chochitika ichi, tsoka m'dzikoli. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha Russia potsiriza linalanda Poland. Iye wapatsidwa malamulo ake, zomwe Alexander sanayese n'komwe kulowa m'dziko lonselo.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Zaka zomalizira za autocrat anali kudziŵika kusintha kutha. Mfumu anakhala chidwi zongoganiza ndi anadwala kwambiri. Iye anafa mu 1825 ku Taganrog. Iye akhali wakusowa ana. Dynastic mavuto wakhala nthawi kuti chiwembu cha Decembrists. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anayamba kulamulira, ndi mng'ono wa Alexander Nicholas, yemwe anakhala chizindikiro cha anachita ndi conservatism.