Foliated lichens: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe, kapangidwe ndi mbali

Lichens ndi symbiotic gulu la bowa, wobiriwira algae ndi cyanobacteria. Dzina amachokera kufanana kwa zamoyo ndi maonekedwe awo ndi matenda ena khungu, komanso anamasulira ku Latin monga "matailosi."

Kufotokozera symbiotes

Adayala m'dziko, ndipo akhoza kukula mofanana bwino mu ozizira mtunda miyala ndi m'zipululu otentha. mtundu awo mitundu yosiyanasiyana: wofiira, wachikasu, woyera, buluu, zofiirira, wakuda. Limagwirira la mapangidwe lichens si bwino. Koma molondola tingapeze kuti mapangidwe awo anakhudzidwa ndi dzuwa. Pali crustose, Kasungu ndi foliated lichens. Thallus loyamba kutumphuka, chimene chimatsatira gawo lapansi ndi. Ang'ono (2-3 cm), kuphatikiza ndi mzake kukula padziko makungwa a mitengo, miyala kupanga conglomerates ndi awiri a makumi masentimita. Kasunga - patsogolo kwambiri zamoyo kukula vertically, ndi angafikire mamita angapo kutalika. Koma m'nkhani ino tikambirana mitundu wachiwiri wa zamoyo, maonekedwe ndi dongosolo la lichens foliated chokhala awo mawonekedwe masamba a mitengo.

ndi zinthu structural zimene zigwirizana

Thallus kapena Thallus - ndi mbali ya zokhala ndi selo imodzi kapena multicellular bowa, ndere ndi lichens. Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi zomera, pakuti iwo ndi wobiriwira achinyamata awo nthambi. The Thallus kapena mwina tsamba-Kasungu.

GIFA - filamentary formations, chokhala ndi kangaude ukonde. Ndi Mipikisano pachimake ndi Mipikisano ma. Ndipo anafuna kuti mayamwidwe zakudya, madzi ndi monga ukonde angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwira wa zamoyo zina (mwachitsanzo, bowa ogwirira).

Gawo lapansi - pamwamba umene chinthu Ufumuyo. Iyenso ndi kuswana pansi ena mwa zomera ndi lichens.

Maonekedwe foliated lichens

The Thallus ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza, tsamba zooneka ndi mbale woboola pakati, nthawi zina ongokhala chimodzi kapena magawo angapo. hyphae A kukula pa m'mbali kapena pamodzi ndi utali wozungulira bwalo. lichens Foliose ndi mawonekedwe sloevidnoy mbale ili pa gawo lapansi m'njira yopingasa. Kulondola Thallus mawonekedwe zimadalira pamwamba pa gawo lapansi lapansi. N'chiyani chimachititsa izo kuposa ndendende, Bole wozungulira amaonekera ndere.

Iwo zaikidwa pansi ndi thandizo la nkhungu tsinde lalifupi, yomwe ili pakati pa Thallus lapansi. Sama mbale awiri a kuposa 20-30 masentimita wandiweyani ndithu ndi leathery. Kulocha akhoza zimasiyana mdima wobiriwira kapena imvi kuti zofiirira ndi wakuda. Iwo amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma foliated lichens pang'ono mofulumira kuposa mitundu ina. Komanso, nthawi yaitali. Ena masamba ali oposa zaka chikwi. Pali kugwirizana pakati pa gawo lapansi ndi nthawi ya moyo kulephera kuyenda ndere.

kapangidwe

Foliated lichens Thallus ndi milingo awiri, chifukwa dongosolo lawo dorsovertralnym. Ndiko kuti, iwo ndi Pamwamba ndi pansi. The kumtunda kwa akhakula kapena yosalala, nthawi zina anali kuphimba ndi protuberances, timabamputi ndi cilia warthogs. Pansi Palinso matupi, imene ndere Ufumuyo gawo lapansi. Malinga ndi kapangidwe, zikhoza kukhala yosalala kapena akhakula. onsewa osati mawonekedwe komanso mtundu mwamphamvu.

Mu maso a zikuonetseratu distinguishable zinayi zofunika anatomical zigawo:

• chapamwamba ng'ombe;
• Seaweed;
• pachimake;
• m'munsi ng'ombe.

Foliated lichens ali mwachisawawa Ufumuyo pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi mosavuta wosiyana izo. Koma pakati Thallus ndi tsinde amapereka airbag. Ndi chakudya ndi mpweya ndi mbali ya ndere ndi zolimba, akuchita mpweya kuwombola, ndipo kumathandiza kudzikundikira ndi posungira chinyezi. Hyphae amagwira ndi a organelles wapadera - rhizoid.

Thallus ndi umboni umodzi, ndiye monofilament, kapena zigawo zingapo otchedwa polifilnym. Yotsirizira alibe miyendo, likulu lawo n'chosasunthika pamwamba, kotero iwo Bole zinazake gawo lapansi ndi. Iwo sali owopa mphepo, mphepo ndi zina nyengo sili bwino. Thallus akhoza kuligaŵa m'zigawo, kudula pa m'mbali, izo lagawidwa lobes. Nthawi zina kuoneka ndere akufanana ndi ukonde zovuta nsalu zingwe.

inafikira

Foliated lichens kukula m'madera wambirimbiri mpweya kugwa. Mosavuta pa paliponse, kuphatikizapo Antarctica, ngakhale ozizira. Iwo akhoza adzaikidwa pa miyala adachitira ndi matanthwe, pa makungwa a mitengo ndi zitsamba, Moss lokutidwa stumps, pa nyumba yakale ya nyumba. Iwo amakula m'misewu, mu m'madambo a, m'mbali nkhalango ndi madambo youma. Kwenikweni, malo m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso nthawi zonse chifukwa kusankha gawo lapansi. Pamene chilengedwe kudzitsitsa lichens zambiri kusintha mtundu pafupi mdima ndi imvi. The zamoyo pansi kukula makamaka luxuriantly, kuphimba madera akuluakulu a dziko. Zikuphatikizapo mphalapala Moss (cladonia nkhalango).

lichens Mitundu foliated

Padziko lonse, inafalikira 25 chikwi. Lichens. Ngati inu kugawanitsa zamoyo pa gawo lapansi kwa amene amakonda Ufumuyo, zingakhale:

• Wa Ground - ili pa dothi kapena mchenga (mwachitsanzo, zofiirira Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - Ufumuyo miyala, miyala (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - kukula pa mitengo ndi zitsamba, makamaka pa masamba ndi zimayambira (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - ili pa mitengo akufa, stumps popanda makungwa, makoma a nyumba zakale (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu womwewo zingaphatikizepo mitundu onse a foliated thalli, ndi Kasungu, kapena mitundu wapakatikati.

ndere Parmelee

Malinga ndi matabwa ake mkati ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ndere wobiriwira. pamwamba pake akhoza kukhala wachikasu, wabulauni ndi kukhalapo kwa wobiriwira, wakuda ndi oyera inclusions. Rhode Parmelee - foliose ndere, womwenso 90 mitundu, zokha m'dera la Russia, kusema mbali yaikulu ya thallium. masamba Imatha onse kuchepera onse. Chimakula mofanana bwino pa makungwa a mitengo ndi miyala, izo Amasintha kuti wowonongeka nyengo m'tawuni. Chosemedwa izi chamoyo amoyo ndi osiyanasiyana zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti lichens anawagawira yekha mu maonekedwe si nthawi zonse kufikapo. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ufa kuchokera Parmelee ankagwiritsa ntchito kuletsa magazi ndi mabala. Komanso anawonjezera ufa, ndi kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi kuonjezera alumali moyo.

Foliated lichens, amene mayina awo anatsimikiza osati pa kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe, komanso aura malo okhala, gawo lapansi maganizo ndi yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a iwo ntchito makampani chakudya. Iwo kudyetsedwa lalikulu ndi ng'ombe yaing'ono. Posachedwapa ufa ankagwiritsa ntchito monga chakudya zina apanga asatayike. Tsetrarii Mwachitsanzo, ntchito kupanga odana ndi kutsekula m'mimba, yotithandiza chitetezo cha m'thupi, normalizes thirakiti m'mimba, ndipo ndi mbali ya mankhwala ambiri mavairasi oyambitsa.