Gawo TB m'mapapo mwanga

Mpaka zaka mazana makumi awiri, chifuwa ntchito kuonedwa kuti ndi matenda osachiritsika. Munthu amene akudwala matenda, yemwe anamwalira. Mu nthawi yathu, zingakhale zofunika kuti tikhale ndi chiyembekezo, kuti anamaliza ndi matenda. Koma izi sizili choncho. Chaka chilichonse padziko lonse, pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi anayi anthu ali ndi kachilombo TB, makamaka m'mayiko underdeveloped. Kufa kwa icho anthu oposa awiri.

Matenda, nthawi zambiri mpweya ponyamula, ndipo chikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mlengalenga.

Gawo TB zimadalira maonekedwe ake, ndi matenda chithunzi; kupezeka kwake, ndi zina zotero. mwatsatanetsatane, tikambirana nkhani imeneyi pansipa.

Gawo anatengera ku Russia

Chakale matenda gulu la TB VA Koshechkin ndi Z. A. Ivanovoy zachokera zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mbali matenda a ndondomeko matenda;
• kutanthauzira ake ndi kugawa;
• gawo otaya;
• zimagwirira ntchito za chitukuko;
• pamaso pa kudzipatula bacteriological.

Amakhala ndi zigawo zinayi:

1. mitundu chipatala.
2. Zochita za ndondomeko matenda.
3. Matenda matenda.
4. Kusintha mu thupi pambuyo kuchira.

Gawo ili ntchito mu Russia kuyambira mmasate lapansi.

njira yachipatala

Mitundu zimadalira maonekedwe matenda a matenda ndi malo zotsatira zake anapatsidwa khalidwe matenda tizilombo ndondomeko. Kusiyanitsa kuledzera ana ndi chifuwa chachikulu, TB ya dongosolo kupuma (mapapo, trachea, bronchi), lymph mfundo, dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi meninges, matumbo ndi peritoneum, mfundo ndi mafupa, dongosolo urogenital, khungu, maso ndi ziwalo zina.

Chipatala gulu la TB m'mapapo mwanga zikuphatikizapo matenda monga TB chachikulu, mwiniwakeyo, miliary komanso mogwirizana, infiltrative, caseating chibayo, m'mapapo tuberculoma. Iwo monga cavernous, fibrous-cavernous, cirrhotic TB, ndi empyema. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane aliyense wa iwo ndi zofunika makamaka TB.

TB chachikulu

Pali matenda pamene kachilombo mabakiteriya osati anthu kale kachilombo, limene kwa nthawi yoyamba pali anachita zabwino tuberculin lapansi. Pankhaniyi, matenda afika mu mwanabele ndi chifukwa kutupa awo. matenda ayi kuonetsa zizindikiro kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kuonetsera ndi pachimake kutukusira kwa mapapo.

mwiniwakeyo TB

Matendawa ali ndi makhalidwe zikamera wa ambiri zotupa m'mapapo, kuti akutumikira monga kutupa chifukwa cha tizilombo lymphatic.

Mwiniwakeyo TB ndi pachimake, aakulu ndi zowombetsa mkota. Nthawi zambiri kudwala, koma gawo laling'ono la anthu kudzindikira matenda pokhapokha ndime ya x-ray.

focal TB

Gawo TB m'mapapo mwanga anafotokoza focal TB monga matenda a m'mapapo kuti anatuluka koyamba ndi maziko a mitundu ina ya matenda ndipo lofotokozeredwa m'njira kutupa lokhalamo limba kupuma. Nthawi zina watsopano mogwirizana TB kapena aakulu. Zizindikiro za matenda sangakhale, kawirikawiri komanso wapezeka lokha pa fluoroscopy.

infiltrative TB

matenda Chili zomwe ndi malo angapo kutupa, zimene zikugwirizana Lobe ndi m'kati.

Infiltrative TB ndi adzakhale cloud-, bronholobulyarnym ndi angasonyeze Lobito (infiltartom yaikulu, agwilitse gawo lonse). Nthawi zambiri TB ngati amapezeka pansi pa amati ndi matenda ena, choncho m'pofunika kuchita X-ray kuona ndi kusanthula sputum wodwalayo.

chibayo caseous

Matenda yodziwika ndi pamaso pa malo necrotic mu mapapo, amene sachedwa kavernizatsii. Izi mawonekedwe a chifuwa chachikulu ndi choopsa kwambiri kuyambira osiyana pachimake mwapang'onopang'ono Inde. Ndi lobar ndi lobular.

Disease akuyamba bwinobwino, pali kuledzera, zikuoneka purulent sputum wothira magazi. Mu masiku oyambirira a matenda matenda ndi zovuta, chifukwa chowululidwa anachita zoipa tuberculin.

tuberculoma

Gulu la mitundu ya TB m'mapapo mwanga anafotokoza tuberculoma monga matenda ndi asymptomatic aakulu mawonekedwe kupenta ndi nthenda yotaya. Ndi khola, regressing ndi patsogolo. Matenda yodziwika ndi pamaso pa zolimba kapena foci munthu mu mapapo zimakhala ozungulira.

cavernous TB

Matendawa ali ndi makhalidwe oipa pamaso pa chipinda mpweya popanda kutupa m'makoma ndipo zimakhala za m'mapapo. Ngati zonse izi zalumikizana fibrosis ndi foci angapo a kuipitsidwa, TB ngati otchedwa fibrocavernous. Zimenezi ndi aakulu.

Kuonetsetsa mawonekedwe zochepa ndi wamba matenda. Cavernous TB amachita chifukwa cha mankhwala a mitundu ina ya matenda ndiponso asymptomatic.

cirrhotic TB

Yodziwika ndi chachikulu fibrosis matenda a m'mapapo, kumene akuchiritsidwa ndipo yogwira foci patsekeke. matenda nthawi zimandikwiyitsa mu mawonekedwe a kutupa kwa mapapu ndi bronchi. Cirrhotic TB ndi malire ndipo akakufunsani. Matenda imfayo kulephera kupuma ndipo kutupa ziwalo kupuma. Ananena chisindikizo m'mapapo connective minofu.

pleurisy

matenda ndi pachimake kutukusira kwa pleura ndipo akuchititsa mavuto aakulu akuwuka kwa TB. Kuonetsetsa njira izi:

• Youma Pleurisy;
• pleural effusion;
• empyema.

Gulu la matenda m'mapapo mwanga TB Akufotokoza dzina lake monga kutupa kuti chimafikira kuti patsekeke pleural, kuchititsa kawopsedwe ndi kudzikundikira mu pleural M'mimbamo madzimadzi.

Zochita za ndondomeko matenda

Gulu la TB matenda mapangidwe a ndondomeko umadalira pa kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa MBT (mycobacteria) mfundo atengedwa mu mtima. Pali n'komwe nthawi ya ndondomeko matenda, ndi malo a zotupa. Samalani pamaso pa Zisindikizo ndipo amamuyambitsa timabala a m'madera okhudzidwa.

zosokonezeka

Paudindo mavuto omwe angachititse matenda ndi izi:

• hawking magazi;
• magazi mu mapapo;
• mwadzidzidzi pneumothorax;
• fistulas;
• atelectasis;
• m'mapapo mwanga, aimpso ndi kulephera mtima;
• amyloidosis, ndi zambiri.

Zizindikiro zimenezi akhozanso kukopeka ndi matenda pamisinkhu onse a chitukuko, izo zonse zimadalira chitetezo cha wodwalayo.

Kusintha atadwala

Atachira TB akhoza kuona kusintha ziwalo zina. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kupeza:

• pamaso pa calcification mu mfundo za lymph ndi mapapo,
• matenda enaake,
• fibrosis, osachiritsika ndi kusintha ena mwa mundawo kupuma.

Ndi zipsera ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, calcification zawo ndi zina zotero.

Gawo Wachifumu - Gerhard

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma watha, kuzindikira gulu Wachifumu - Gerhard, ozikidwa pa chiphunzitso cha kudwala TB m'mapapo mwanga. Ndi mwachilungamo yosavuta anatsindika udindo wa kufala kwa matenda Mapa zina TB.

Koma pa nthawi, chiphunzitso ichi chakhala akutsutsa, ndipo anayamba ntchito gulu lina TB. Tubran ndi Gerhard ankakhulupirira kuti matenda oyamba amakhudza mbali chapamwamba m'mapapo (gawo loyamba la matenda), kenako chimatsatira gawo pakati (Gawo lachiwiri), kenako amakhudza thupi lonse (gawo lachitatu).

Modern gulu la TB

Mu nthawi yathu, si zachilendo ntchito gulu lonse TB, amene nthawi zonse zilibwino. Malinga ndi iye, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya TB amadziŵika chitsanzo ongokhala makalata ndi manambala. Iwo anavomerezedwa mu 1973 ndipo idzafotokoza anayi (A, B, C, D).

Gulu la TB mu mzere ndi gulu lonse la matenda, ndi amaimira manambala. Mwachitsanzo, A15-A16 cipher amatanthauza TB matenda kupuma.

M'mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito gulu la TB, zomwe zimatulutsa yotayikitsa, sanali zowononga mtundu wa izo. Mawonekedwe woyamba kuchuluka necrotic wosanjikiza, zimene zingatichititse pa wosanjikiza nsalu opepuka. Apa pali m'matumba a chibayo, kusintha mu bronchi ndi. Choncho, mitundu zowononga monga cavernous, cirrhotic ndi fibro-cavernous TB.

Choncho, TB lero ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, makamaka amene kuchoka munthu amene ali ndi m'malovu airborne. Matendawa ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo classifications. Iwo angayambe zizindikiro bwinobwino kapena ayi ndi kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana ngakhalenso imfa.