General Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich. mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Imfa anayenda pambuyo pa iye. Koma iye anali wolimba, molimba mtima ndi mwayi, wamphamvu anakonda dziko lawo, natumikira ake moona mtima. Sichangozi, iye anali mutu wa "The Knight Last wa Russian Ufumu."

"Black Baron"

dzina anapatsidwa kwa munthu, chimene ife tikufuna kuti tikuuzeni. Iwo Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich. Mwachidule yonena izo zafotokozedwa m'nkhani.

Ndi chiyambi iye kwenikweni Baron. Anabadwa mu chigawo Kovno la Russia, mu mzinda Novoaleksandrovsk (tsopano Kaunas). Banja - kuchokera otchuka, ndi m'badwo wakale kwambiri. Iye XIII atumwi. ndi Genrikusa de A Wrangell - Knight a dongosolo la Teutonic - limafotokoza mbadwo wake.

A "wakuda" General otchedwa chifukwa mu 1918, nthawi zonse ankavala chimodzimodzi mtundu Circassian Cossack. Ndipo ngakhale chokongoletsedwa malamba katiriji. Izi zonenepa ochepa fupa kapena siliva, amene anaikidwa milandu onga. malamba katiriji zambiri zaikidwa thumba m'mawere.

Petro anali wotchuka kwambiri. Mayakovsky Mwachitsanzo, iye analemba kuti: "Chinthu A anali lakuthwa mu wakuda Circassian".

A mbadwa ya usilikali waulemerero

Iye - injiniya ndi maphunziro. Iye maphunziro Institute migodi. atate wake - Vrangel Nikolay Egorovich - luso wotsutsa ndipo analinso wolemba. Ndi wokhometsa lalikulu la Zosayiwalika.

Mwina n'chifukwa chake mwana wa usirikali ndipo sanaganize kukhala. Koma majini akuoneka kuti mwachita awo. Koma mfundo ndi kuti ambiri P. N. Vrangel - ichi ndi nthambi mwachindunji wa Mkulu Herman. Ndinali ku Sweden (XVII c.), A kunja polimbana. A anali mdzukulu wake dzina lake George Gustav anatumikira monga Wapolisiyo pafupi ndi Charles XII. Ndipo mwana otsiriza, dzina lake Georg Hans, anakhala akuluakulu okha mu gulu lankhondo Russian. Osati wina grandfathers ndi makolo ndi amalume ndi nephews anali usilikali ndipo ndinamenya nawo nkhondo, amene kaŵirikaŵiri kwachititsa Russia. mtundu wapereka Europe asanu munda adzasonkhanitsa, admirals zambiri, ndi akazembe oposa makumi atatu.

Choncho, achinyamata Peter anadziwa zonse izi, akudziwa kuti angathe kutenga ndi makolo chitsanzo. Yemweyo Russian Ofisala, dzina lake linalembedwa osati kwinakwake, ndi pa linga la kachisi wotchuka mu Moscow. Iye anatchulidwa pakati pa anthu amene anavutika nkhondo 1812. china msuweni wolimba analanda Shamil - mtsogoleri chisawawa la mapiri a. Wotchuka Ferdinand Wrangel, Arctic wofufuza ndi asilikali. Ulemu wake ndi chilumbachi dzina. Ndipo Pushkin - wachibale wa "Black Baron" ndi agogo ake Hannibal - Moor a Peter Wamkulu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nkhani zambiri wodzipereka kwa kanjedza yabwino kwambiri monga Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich, mwachidule zovuta. Pali kwambiri mfundo yogwirizana limawapatsa chithunzi cha mwamuna chapadera. Tengani Mwambi umodzi wokha wa mtundu uwu - "Kufa, koma musasiye!". Koma nkhani yake ya ngwazi wathu anatsatira moyo wake onse.

Nkhondo ndi Japan

Motero, kumene kupanga Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich sanaone m'tsogolo palibe kugwirizana pakati pa iwo ndi asilikali. N'zoona kuti anaphunzira chaka pa Hatchi Regiment. Koma mphalasa latsopano olembedwa ... zilipo. Ndipo adachoka ku ntchito - mu Irkutsk. Ndipo si akuluakulu a asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba.

makadi onse ali osokonezeka mkangano nkhondo. Anadzipereka kwa Wrangell. Ndipo kutsogolo kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonyeza makhalidwe ake titadziwa za usilikali. Izi zinali maitanidwe ake oona.

Maulendo Petra Nikolaevicha Vrangelya. Iye analemba zokhudza chilichonse.

Pakutha 1904 iye analimbikitsa kuti akazembe. Analipereka mphoto ziwiri: St. Anne ndi St. Stanislaus. Iwo anali woyamba "Mwachitsanzo" mu chopereka chachikulu cha mphoto.

Pamene nkhondo zinatha injiniya simungathe kulingalira okha popanda asilikali. Ngakhale Imperial Academy ya General Wogwila kale maphunziro mu 1910.

A squadron asilikali

First World Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich anakumana ndi udindo wa mkulu. Analamula kugawikana kwa Regiment apakavalo.

Iye anali kale ndi mkazi ndi ana 3. Ine sindingakhoze kupita patsogolo. Koma sangakwanitse izi. Ndipo malipoti ochokera kutsogolo, akuluakulu analembanso za kulimbamtima chabwino cha Captain Wrangel.

masabata atatu okha ndipo anali kuyambira pachiyambi atapha anthu, ndi posse ake anali kupambana. Ikuthamangira kuukira apakavalo. Battery mdani analandidwa. Ndipo chotero ft Wrangell (pakati pa oyamba) anali chizindikiro. Iye analandira Order wa St. George. Posachedwapa "wokonzekadi" kuti msilikaliyo. Mu 1917, mu January, iye - Major General. Iwo anayamikira ngati asilikali zingamuthandize kwambiri. Mu khalidwe analemba kuti Wrangel "mtima kwambiri". Nthawi iliyonse, inu mukumvetsa msanga, makamaka - kwambiri.. Komanso ndi zinthu mochenjera kwambiri.

M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho - sitepe yotsatira. Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich tsopano mtsogoleri wa gulu lalikulu la asilikali okwera pamahatchi. Koma pa October kuukira boma kachiwiri mwadzidzidzi anasintha njira yodutsamo a moyo wake.

Sungani nkhonya

Baron ndi akuluakulu ake cholowa ambiri sanavomereze, zifukwa zoonekeratu. asilikali kumanzere. Anasamukira ku Yalta, iye ankakhala ndi banja lake pa dacha wake. Apa iye anagwidwa, m'dera Bolsheviks. Koma chimene iwo akanakhoza akumuimba mlandu? Noble chiyambi? Asilikali Inagwira? Ndipo posakhalitsa anatulutsidwa koma anali kubisala mpaka asilikali German sanakwere Crimea.

Iye anapita ku Kiev. Anakonza kulowa utumiki wa Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky. Komabe, posachedwapa wakhumudwa. Boma la Ukraine (yatsopano) anasonyeza ofooka. Unachitikira kokha mwa bayonets German.

Wrangel anatumiza kumzinda Ekaterinodar. Monga kazembe (1 atakwera Division) amachokera ku asilikali mongodzipereka. Choncho linayamba White Army la Baron utumiki watsopano.

Akatswiri tsopano kuti bwino - izi zikuchitika mtengo wa Wrangel, asilikali ake. Ndipotu iye nthawi zonse ali machenjerero yake. Mwachitsanzo, iye ankatsutsa kumenya nkhondo pa amadzibisa onse. Iye ankakonda kusonkhanitsa apakavalo "nkhonya" ndi kuponyera yojambula a m'dera wina. Nthawi zonse kumabweretsa nkhonya wa mphamvu kwambiri kuti mdani monga amathawa. Izi ntchito wanzeru, amene akufotokozera ndi zipangizo "Black Baron" ndipo anaonetsetsa chigonjetso cha gulu la Kuban ndi North Caucasus.

..mchikondi Denikin

City apakavalo Wrangel Tsaritsyn anatenga mu June 1919. Ndipo apa m'pofunika, monga izo zimachitika! Pambuyo mwayi ngati Baron anagwa manyazi. Anton Denikin, mkulu wa Muzikonza Army, anakwiya pa iye. Chifukwa chiyani? chakuti onse awiri - nkhondo lalikulu - ndi maganizo pandunji pa ntchito zina. Denikin umalimbana kupita ku Moscow, Wrangell chomwecho - kugwirizana ndi Kolchak (kum'mawa).

Wambiri ya Vrangelya Petra Nikolaevicha chimasonyeza kuti iye anali kulondola pa zana pa zana. Pa ulendo pa likulu agonja. Koma kulondola kwa mdani ngakhale zambiri zinakwiyitsa Denikin. Ndipo iye anachotsedwa mu General Affairs.

Wrangel anatsanzika (February 1920). Ine ndinapita ku Constantinople.

chiyembekezo

Chabwino, mapeto a pantchito yabwino? Ayi, kumwamba analamula ayi. Patapita miyezi ochepa Denikin. Yekha anatsanzika. Mu Sevastopol, wotchedwa bungwe la nkhondo. Osankhidwa mkulu wa Wrangel.

Koma kodi iye ankayembekezera? Ndipotu, "woyera" - ndipo Kudaonekeratu poyera kwambiri - zinali zachisoni. onse kuthawa asilikali. Complete atasokonezeka kale Anayamba kuzindikira kaja.

Komabe, kodi kutenga ankhondo, Wrangel anapanga chozizwitsa kwambiri. Iye anayima asilikali amanyansidwa "ofiira" Ankhondo. White alonda anakakhala mwamphamvu mu Crimea.

Mfumu kwa tsiku

Pa miyezi sikisi ndachita kwambiri otsiriza Russian Knight. Popeza kulakwa zinali amazipanga amanyalanyaza. Ndimafuna kuti gulu lake anthu ochokera m'mitundu moyo. Iye anakonza dongosolo kusintha agrarian, zimene zinaphatikizapo kupereka Dziko kuti Amaya. Ankakhalanso asilikali umoyo ndi zachuma miyeso. Anayenera "kupambana" Russia, koma osati zida kupambana kwawo.

Ngakhale Baron ankaganiza kapangidwe boma la dziko, anapereka kuzindikira ufulu - mapiri, komanso Ukraine.

Koma pa nthawi imene iye ali ndi mphamvu yotumiza White Alonda anatayika - onse mawu a mayiko (West anakana iwo), ndipo m'dzikoli. The Bolsheviks zikulamulira mbali yaikulu ya Russia ndi zinthu zambiri.

Wrangel m'chaka cha 1920 anachita kuuka asilikali kachiwiri kubweza kuukira kwa "ofiira". Iwo anakwanitsa m'chilimwe. "White" analowa m'dera la kumpoto Tavria. Iwo anali M'sitolo pa katundu. Koma ndiye mwayi sanaonekenso.

Chofunika kwambiri, anasowa nthawi. Mu Soviet Russia, anthu samva za kusintha akufuna wa Wrangel. Kwa iwo, ndi - nthawizonse yekha "Black Baron" imene cholinga chake kubweza "achifumu wachifumu".

Inde, General, ndipo sankabisa chisoni wake. Kugawa ndale, anzeru, iye ali mu pulogalamu yake pa zimenezi si anatsindika. Ndipo ndithudi ine sindikusowa kunena kuti, mwatsoka, zinalibe kanthu.

emigration

Onse a moyo Vrangelya Petra Nikolaevicha m'nkhani imodzi Sitingathe kudziwa. Only nthawi imodzi anakhala kunja, mukhoza kudzipereka buku.

Mu November 1920, Red Army anaswa ku Crimea. Ndipo imeneyi, General Wrangel kachiwiri anadzionetsa mwangwiro. Iye anatha kukonza achoke kwa White Army ndi anthu wamba kunja chisokonezo, chisokonezeko sanali. Anatumikira anthu amene akufuna. Wrangell pandekha kuyang'anira pamene pa wowonongayo anakwera madoko.

Zinali zovuta feat. Iye - pa magulu chimodzi chokha Wrangel. Pambuyo ambiri anabweretsa ku Crimea (mu November 1920) tidakonzeka 132 zombo yodzaza ndi malire! Iwo adakocheza othawa - 145 zikwi 693 anthu, komanso oyendetsa sitimayo.

Kumanzere ndi kulinganiza. Kumeneko, kutali ndi kwawo, anayambitsanso Russian usilikali Union (1924), yemwe anali wokonzeka nthawi iliyonse kulowa nkhondo ndi Bolshevism. Ndipo iye anali wokhoza kuchita izo. Msana wa onse anali alonda kale. Kuti anali ochuluka kwambiri ndi amphamvu kwambiri gulu beloemigrantov. Mwalamulo anaima pa anthu zikwi zana.

The Bolsheviks anachita nawo amawagwiritsa. Sichangozi atsogoleri ambiri kapena kubedwa, kapena anapha Soviet utumiki chinsinsi.

Mu kugwa kwa 1927 kuti Baron, amene akulota kubwezera, ndinali kukumbukira kuti manja a banja lalikulu. Kudyetsa. Ku Constantinople pamodzi ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Brussels. Monga injiniya ndinayamba ntchito motsimikiza wina.

Pa nkhondo

Tsiku lililonse asilikali tsiku ndi tsiku, zimene zinathandiza kuti kwambiri yomenyera onse, iye anali wolimba kwambiri. Yekha nkhani zimene zidachitika World Choyamba, umene uli ofunika. Mtsogoleri wa squadron asilikali anali, monga mwa nthawi zonse, molimba mtima ndi wofulumira. Mu malo amodzi kapitawo watsopano wa dera Kaliningrad, Wrangell, kupeza chilolezo kuukira batire mdani, kuukira ikuchitika ndi liwiro mphezi. Ndipo anagwira mfuti ziwiri. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo anakwanitsa kutenga mpirawo lomaliza. Anapha kavalo pa wokhala mkulu ...

Ngakhale mu Constantinople, Vrangel Petr Nikolaevich anakhala pa yatchi ndi. Tsiku lina rammed. Zinali sitima Italy, koma adatuluka mzinda wa Batumi wathu. Yahtochka kumizidwa maso. Palibe banja Wrangel pa bolodi kulibe. A mamembala adalira atatu anaphedwa. zinthu zachilendo nkhani kukaikira wa kugunda dala mwauka ndi yatchi ndi. Iwo anatsimikizira lero ofufuza Soviet chinsinsi utumiki ntchito. Izi zinakhudza Olga Golubovska, obwera ndi wothandizila za akuluakulu a Soviet.

Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri mfundo. Patangotha miyezi isanu atangofika ku Brussels, Peter N. anamwalira mwadzidzidzi (matenda TB). Komabe, banja adafotokoza kuti m'bale wake poizoni mtumiki amene anali Ufumuyo kwa Baron. Iyenso, anali mu NKVD wothandizira. Baibulo limeneli tsopano zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zina.

Mafunde moyo! Chidwi tsoka. Pali buku, oyamba kumene linalembedwa ndi mlembi Nikolai Starikov - ". Maulendo a Petra Nikolaevicha Vrangelya" M'pofunikanso kuwerenga. Zimadzetsa kuonongeka kwa kusinkhasinkha kwambiri.