State wamba Russia

State wamba - izi ndi gulu lapadera limene anatuluka mu Russia m'nthawi ya 18. Iwo anagwirizana magawo atatu a anthu ufulu wa m'mudzi. Choyamba anali alimi chernososhnye. Iwo anakakhala "m'mayiko wakuda wa mwayekha lapansi." Gulu lachiwiri anali "chuma" wamba. anthu awa kumene kuli agulupa gawo. Gulu lachitatu ndi freeholders. Anthuwa ankatengedwa ngati ana a kutumikira anthu ambirimbiri m'zaka za m'ma 16 kum'mwera kwa dziko la Muscovite Russia, zomwe chuma chabwino cha masinthidwe a Peter si adakhala ndi mu. Angapo a zigawo (mu Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Tambov) freeholders munamutcha ambiri am'deralo.

State wamba monga kalasi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Nicholas nkhani anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi. Kuyambira masiku a Moscow Russia ku kalasi likugwiritsidwa osati munthu ufulu, komanso boma. State wamba chilango ogwirika sichinayambe pansi.

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, kalasi anali makamaka kunja Wamkulu. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Ngakhale m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko a boma wamba anthu oposa m'madera kumadzulo. Pa nthawi ya kufalitsa Malamulo a 1830, inali yaikulu kapena misa lonse la anthu m'maiko makumi atatu mphambu zisanu a mbali European a boma ku Siberia. Zinali kalasi ochuluka kuposa anthu Russian pa nthawi.

State wamba anali aufulu kusamukira lopanda parishi wina ndi mzake, ku chigawo wina ndi mzake, ku chigawocho kwa wamba. Mu nkhani iyi, wasamuka ku dera wina ndi mzake kawirikawiri analimbikitsa ndi boma. State wamba anali woyenera (monga mabungwe lonse, komanso payokha) kulowa mapangano ndi mapangano ndi anthu. Iwo akhoza kupeza chuma (makina kapena osasunthika), kupereka monga ina. Chitulutsireni mu 1801, December 12, lamulo wapadera, State lidzawotchedwa mphamvu wamba (monga bourgeoisie ndi zazing'ono wamalonda) kupeza yokhudza malo payekha.

Ngakhale olemekezeka akapolo usilikali ndipo kenako anapatsidwa ufulu kwambiri, unapangidwa "chachitatu chuma". kudzadza wake mwa oimira boma la wamba, pamodzi ndi industrialists ndi amalonda. The kalasi ochuluka kuposa boma komanso anali ndi ufulu kulowa mlingo malonda, munalidi gulu, mafakitale lotseguka, Chotsimikizika ndi establishments mafakitale, malonda ndi kuwasunga.

Tikumbukenso kuti pa nthawi ya inalowa mpando wachifumu Nicholas, wamba boma zakanika. Woyang'anira gulu ili la dipatimenti anthu Utumiki wa Finance. Tiyenera kuganiza kuti thupi ndinali kuyesera "Finyani kunja" osauka boma ngati kuli kotheka, kuyesa kuti awatengere iwo ku misonkho awo amene sakanakhoza kuchotsapo landlords lapansi. Wa mfumu makonzedwe kumeneku ankatembenukira kwa anthu akumidzi ntchito zachilengedwe, ndi ovuta kwambiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti apindula osati nzika, komanso pamlingo winawake adziwerenga moyo wa serfdom. Komabe utsogoleli mfulu zambiri chinabisidwa eni dziko lachabechabe, amene ankafuna kuti apeze phindu chifukwa m'mayiko wamba. Zonse chatsika mmene chuma chikuyendera la dziko la wamba lapansi. Pankhaniyi, boma allocated ndalama kwambiri chifukwa tikukonza yake m'zaka Taphunzira.

Chiyambireni cha ulamuliro wa Nicholas udindo wa boma la wamba anayamba kufotokoza chilamulo ambiri boma ndi zochita osati boma. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu Speransky kuti streamline malamulo dzikolo. Komabe, madongosolo ambiri mu mawonekedwe onse poyamba.