Genghis Khan: mwachidule mbiri, kukwera, chidwi mbiri mfundo

dzina Genghis Khan ndi kalekale n'chimodzimodzi. Ndi chizindikiro cha owonongedwa wautali kwambiri ndi nkhondo. Mkulu wa Mongol ufumu analenga, kukula kwa amene anapha malingaliro a m'nthawi yake.

ubwana

Tsogolo Genghis Khan, amene yonena ali kwambiri mawanga woyera, anabadwa kwinakwake pa malire a masiku ano Russia ndi Mongolia. Iye natchedwa Temuchin. Dzina la Genghis Khan, iye anatenga ndikutanthauza mutu wa mkulu wa ufumu waukulu kwambiri ndi asilikaliwa.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale sanathe ndendende kuwerengera tsiku lobadwa kwa ambiri otchuka. Ziwerengero osiyana nachiyika pa zaka 1155 ndi 1162. inaccuracy Izi ndi kupanda magwero odalirika zokhudzana ndi nthawi.

Genghis Khan anabadwa mu banja la mmodzi wa atsogoleri Mongol. atate wake, pomudyetsanso poizoni wa Chitata, kenako mwana anayamba kuyesetsa kukhala khama ena mphamvu mu chigawo kwawo. Patapita nthawi, Temujin anagwidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kukhala ndi atavala kuti ziyangoyango khosi. Iloli limaimira wokakamiza malo a unyamata. Temujin anathawa ku ukapolo, kubisala mu nyanza. Iye anali pansi pa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali Aiwo ake anayamba kuyang'ana kwa izo kwina.

Yonseyi Mongolia

Ambiri chifundo ndi Mongolia anathawa mkaidi amene anali Genghis Khan. The yonena za munthu uyu ndi kuwala chitsanzo cha momwe mtsogoleri kuchokera pansi walenga gulu lalikulu la asilikali. Kamodzi free, iye anatha tipezekemo thandizo mmodzi wa khans lotchedwa Toora. wolamulira wachikulire anapereka m'banja mwana wake Temujin kuposa wotetezedwa mgwirizano ndi luso wamng'ono mkulu.

Posachedwapa mnyamata anatha kukumana zoyembezereka za woyang'anira wake. Ndi ankhondo ake a Genghis Khan anagonjetsa ulus ulus. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi wotsimikizika ndi nkhanza adani ake kuposa kuwopsa kwa mdani. adani ake akuluakulu anakhala Chitata, anapha bambo ake. Genghis Khan analamula anthu ake kuti awononge anthu awa onse, kupatula ana amene kutalika alibe olumpha kutalika kwa mawilo ngolo. Final kugonjetsa Chitata chinachitika mu 1202, pamene iwo anakhala vuto lililonse kwa Mongolia ogwirizana mu ulamuliro wa Temujin.

Dzina latsopano Temujin

Pofuna formalize malo ake kutsogolera pakati wake mtsogoleri anzake a ku Mongolia mu 1206 wotchedwa Kurultai. bungwe limeneli analengeza iye Genghis Khan (kapena Great Khan). Zinali pansi pa dzina ili mkulu ndipo anapita pansi mu mbiri. Iye anatha kugwirizanitsa anthuwo ndi chikumenyana Mongol ulus. Bwanamkubwa anawapatsa limodzi cholinga - kuwonjezera ulamuliro wake kwa anthu a mitundu yoyandikana nayo. Choncho anayamba kulanda Mongolia, amene anapitilira atamwalira Temujin.

kusintha a Genghis Khan

Posachedwa kusintha anayamba, ndi Mlengi amene anali Genghis Khan. The yonena za m'tsogoleri ndi nkhani kwambiri. Temujin ogaŵikana zikwi Mongolia ndi tumens. mayunitsi utsogoleri pamodzi nkhani gulu la.

The vuto lalikulu, lomwe chingatilepheretse Genghis Khan, anali ndewu mkati mwa asilikaliwa. Choncho, kazembe osokonezeka mibadwo yambiri Pakati pa iwo, kuwamana iwo za bungwe lomweli kuti analipo kwa makumi a mibadwo. Izi wabereka zipatso. Gulu anakhala manageable mwamtendere. tumens mutu (wina tumen m'gulu asilikali zikwi khumi) anali okhulupirika Khan anthu amene anamvera malangizo ake. Komanso, ku Mongolia anali Ufumuyo malangizo ake atsopano. Pa kusintha kwa ena tumen osamvera akukumana chilango cha imfa. Popeza Genghis Khan, amene yonena Amamuonetsa wokonzanso wamasomphenya, wakutheker kugonjetsa zilakolako zowononga mwa anthu Mongolian. Tsopano iye amakhoza kupita kunja kugonjetsa.

Chinese kampeni

Ndi 1211 ku Mongolia anakwanitsa kugonjetsa oyandikana nawo mafuko onse Siberia. Iwo ankasiyana osauka kudziletsa bungwe ndipo sanathe kumumenya ankhondowo. Woyamba chiyeso kwa Genghis Khan pa malire lakunja la nkhondo ndi China inayambika. Izi chitukuko kwa zaka zambiri anali pa nkhondo ndi wongosamukasamuka kumpoto ndipo amadziwa lingamutsatire asilikali. Tsiku lina alonda pa Wall Wamkulu wa China anaona asilikali achilendo, anatsogolera Genghis Khan (a mbiri mwachidule mtsogoleri simungakhoze kuchita popanda nkhani imeneyi). dongosolo za malinga anali angaloŵe kwa akuba m'mbuyomu. Komabe, Temujin anakwanitsa kulanda khoma choyamba.

Mongol asilikali chidagawika patatu. Aliyense wa iwo ananyamuka kupita kugonjetsa mzinda ankhanza malangizo ake (kumwera, kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa). Genghis Khan anabwera ndi asilikali ake ku nyanja. Anapangana ndi mfumu Chinese dziko. Woluza wolamulira anavomera kuchonderera ndi tributary ndi asilikaliwa. Pa ichi iye analandira Beijing. Komabe, kamodzi asilikaliwa anapita ku chipululu, mfumu Chinese anasamukira likulu lake ku mzinda wina. Izi chinaoneka monga kusakhulupirika a. The wongosamukasamuka anabwerera ku China kachiwiri ndi kudzazidwa ndi magazi. Ndipotu dziko lino wakhala phunziro kwa.

Kugonjetsedwa a ku Central Asia

Dera lotsatira, zikuphedwa Temujin, anali Central Asia. olamulira Local Muslim nthawi yaitali anakana Mongol magulu. Chifukwa cha ichi, mu Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan, ndi lero, ndi yonena za Genghis Khan anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Mwachidule zili la mbiri ya moyo wake chimaphunzitsidwa sukulu iliyonse.

Mu 1220, Khan anatenga Samarkand - wamkulu ndi mzinda wolemera dera.

Akuvutika wotsatira wa mokwiya akhala wongosamukasamuka Polovtsy. Izi steppe anapempha thandizo la ena akalonga Asilavo. Choncho 1223, asilikali Russian koyamba ku Mongolia pa Nkhondo ya Kalka. Nkhondo ya Polovtsy ndi Asilavo anatayika. Temujin yekha anali pa nthawi kunyumba, koma wayesetsa kutsatira patsogolo zida za atumiki ake. Genghis Khan, mbiri mfundo zosangalatsa zimene pamodzi monographs zosiyanasiyana, anatenga zotsala wa asilikali, anabwerera ku Mongolia mu 1224.

Imfa ya Genghis Khan

Mu 1227, pa kuzinga likulu anafa Tangut Khan Genghis Khan. Mwachidule yonena za mtsogoleri, yayikidwa mu buku lililonse, amandiuza nkhani ya nkhani imeneyi.

Tanguts ankakhala kumpoto China ndipo, ngakhale kuti Mongolia akhala anawagonjetsa, anagalukira. Ndiye Genghis Khan yekha anatsogolera asilikali amene anali kulanga osamvera.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya kuti mtsogoleri nthawi ya Mongolia ndinatenga nthumwi za Tangut, amene ankafuna kuti tikambirane mawu kugonjera kwa likulu lawo. Komabe, Khan chisoni ndipo anasiya pambuyo pa anthu. Iye anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. kulondola kwa samadziwika zimene waphetsa mtsogoleri. Mwina m'badwo, kuyambira Khan anali kale zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo sakanatha kupirira maulendo yaitali. Palinso lomwe iye anamva wina mwa akazi ake. The zinthu zachinsinsi azinga imfa komanso lowonjezera chifukwa chakuti akufufuza sanatha kupeza manda a Temujin.

cholowa

Pali zingapo zokhudza umboni wa ufumu linakhazikitsidwa ndi Genghis Khan. Wambiri, kukwera ndi chigonjetso cha mtsogoleri - onsewa amadziwika okha ku magwero otalikirana. Koma tanthauzo la machitidwe Khan n'zovuta Musaone. Iye analenga boma waukulu m'mbiri ya anthu, anayala dera lalikulu la Europe ndi ku Asia.

Ana Temujin anayamba bwino. Choncho, mdzukulu wake Batu Khan anatsogolera kampeni sikunachitekepo motsutsa maukulu Russian. Iye anakhala wolamulira wa Golden gulu ndipo anakuta Asilavo msonkho. Koma ufumu linakhazikitsidwa ndi Genghis Khan, sunakhalitse. Choyamba, unasweka mu ulus angapo. limati izi kenako anagwidwa ndi anansi. Choncho, Genghis Khan, amene yonena amadziwika kuti munthu lophunzira lirilonse, wakhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu Mongolian.