Geological mtanda gawo

kafukufuku Geological zikuphatikizapo kuphunzira nthaka ndi tectonic Kapangidwe ka zigawo zikuluzikulu (m'madera malo ntchito). Studies akutembenukira stratigraphy (ndondomeko ya zosayembekezereka wa formations Geological), chiyambi (chiyambi) ndi zaka miyala kupanga dziko lapansi m'chimake mu malo nkhuku maphunziro.

Zotsatira za maphunziro awa anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a mapu miyala. Geological mapu kusonyezedwa mu mawonekedwe likutipatsa zochokera mtunda wa onga dongosolo miyala ya kutumphuka gawo pa ndege yopingasa pamalo makamaka kuphunzira. Pangozi umagwiritsidwa ntchito zonse ndi mfundo zenizeni za miyala. Ndime Geological ndi zofunika kwambiri mu madera kumene miyala pamwamba pa chatsekedwa wamphamvu wosanjikiza dothi-masamba a dongosolo ano munthu.

gawo Geological ndi momveka ofukula gawo kutumphuka pa akuya chitsegukire zitsime kapena migodi. Ndi ayenera yothandizana mapu miyala. gawo Geological zounikira lithological gawo makulidwe kuphunzira, zigawo mphamvu, malo awo, kapangidwe, matupi miyala, thanthwe zaka, malo a mlingo wa pansi.

Kuti wodziwitsidwa undistorted inforomatsii Geological dongosolo poyerekezera ndi thandizo la mtengo lonse malo yopingasa (mapu lonse) ndi ofukula (podula) ayenera kukhala zofanana. Koma mapangidwe a ntchito yomanga (misewu, madamu, nyumba) lonse ofukula za gawo Geological ndi kuchuluka mu makumi ndi maulendo ambirimbiri.

gawo Geological anamanga pamodzi kudula mzere ikuchitika pa mapu kudutsa Menya (kuwoloka) ndi nyumba za miyala. mzere A limachokera mwa mfundo akuimira bwino pa mapu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kapangidwe miyala ya matanthwe a pansi padziko m'dera kuphunzira Geological gawo mzere angakhale mzere wosweka.

Kumangira gawo kuyambira pa pepala Zithunzi anamanganso mbiri topographic, onyamula okwera yeniyeni. Kudziwa kutalika pafupifupi a m'derali anagwira yopingasa (ziro) mzere pa okwera izi. Pa mbiri ntchito zitsime malo ndi adatchithisira mwa mfundo zimenezi perpendiculars mzere ziro. Aliyense perpendicular kwa mzere pa zomwe mukufuna kusonyeza gawo miyala ya bwino pogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti zolembedwa. Pa kudula mzere amagwiranso ntchito mfundo imene pali zolembedwa mu mawonekedwe a mafotokozedwe a outcrops zachilengedwe ya matanthwe a. Ndiye kumanga gawo miyala, kulumikiza mizere malire (pansi ndi pamwamba) zigawo thanthwe, zofanana lithology ndi zaka. Kumanga gawo Geological cholondola mosamala kuphunzira mapu, kudziwa zinthu structural, mtundu wa zofunda thanthwe, timalakwitsa.

Engineering ndi miyala mtanda gawo la nkhani zosiyanasiyana Geological zina limafotokoza thupi ndi makina zimatha dothi ndi mphamvu ya njira. Engineering kuwunika malo pomanga nyumba, nyumba muyenera osati miyala mfundo ndi thanthwe khalidwe mphamvu zawo zili madzi, komanso mfundo za kusintha kwa chilengedwe Geological - zikuchitika m'dera la ndondomeko komanso zochitika: chisanu heave nthaka, karst, kugumuka, kufalitsa yeniyeni nthaka, pansi boma, nthaka amenewa, corrosiveness dothi ndi pansi ndi simenti, zitsulo, ndi zambiri. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku Geological zomangamanga kudziwa masitepe kumwedwa kwa bata ndi durability maofesi anamanga.