German U-mabwato a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse zithunzi ndi specifications

The chifukwa cha nkhondo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, lomwe kufunika ndithu zoona, zida. Ngakhale kuti mwamtheradi sitima zankhondo zonse German ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali amphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa payekha Adolf Hitler ankaona chida zawo zofunika kwambiri ndi tcheru ndithu kuti chitukuko cha ntchito imeneyi, iwo sakanakhoza amachititsa kuwonongeka, amene akanati zinakhudza nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi. N'chifukwa chiyani kuchitika? Amene waima pa chopunthira cha asilikali m'madzi? Anali kwenikweni sitima zankhondo German ya nkhondo yachiwiri kotero losagonjetseka? N'chifukwa chiyani patsogolo Nazi sanali adzawina Red Army? Yankho mafunso amenewa ndi ena angapezeke mu ndemanga pa.

zambiri

Masomphenya zipangizo zonse, ataima pa mikono ya ulamuliro wa Hitler pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, ankatchedwa "Kriegsmarine" ndi sitima zankhondo nkhani mbali yaikulu ya zida za. Mu mbali yapadera ya zida kusambira unasamutsidwa Nov. 1, 1934, ndi inasokonekera zombo anali kale nkhondo itatha, ndiye. E. Popeza lilipo kwa zaka zosachepera khumi. Chonchi yochepa nthawi German U-maboti ya nkhondo yachiwiri anabweretsa ambiri mantha miyoyo ya adani awo, n'kusiya zotsalira yaikulu masamba wamagazi mbiri ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. Zikwi akufa, sitima zambirimbiri olowa, chomwe chatsala ndi chikumbumtima wopulumuka Anazi ndi atumiki.

Mkulu Wolamulira wa Kriegsmarine

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pa helm wa Kriegsmarine icho chinali chimodzi cha Nazi wotchuka - Karl Doenitz. sitima zankhondo Germany panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ankaimba, ndithudi, zofunika, koma izi sibwenzi zinachitika popanda munthu uyu. Iye akukhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe cha mapulani kuukira adani, ndipo nawo kuukira pa zombo zambiri, ndipo apita patsogolo pa njira iyi, amene anali kupereka kwa Knight a Cross ndi Oak masamba - mmodzi wa mphoto chofunika kwambiri Nazi Germany. Doenitz anali admirer a Hitler ndi m'malo mwake chinali kuwawa kwambiri pa mayesero Nuremberg, chifukwa pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu, iye ankaona mkulu wa ulamuliro wa Hitler.

makhalidwe luso

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti Karl Doenitz anali ndi udindo wa boma la asilikali m'madzi. sitima zankhondo Germany panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chithunzi zimene zinaonetseratu mphamvu zawo, ali ndi magawo chidwi.

Nthawi zambiri, Kriegsmarine anali atakonzekera ndi mitundu 21 sitima zankhondo. Iwo anali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Kusamutsidwa: 275 kuti tonnes 2 710;
• pamwamba liwiro: kuchokera 9.7 kuti mayunitsi 19,2;
• m'madzi liwiro: kuchokera 6,9 kuti 17.2;
• Mwatsatanetsatane: kuchokera mamita 150 kapena 280.

Izi zikutsimikizira kuti German U-maboti ya nkhondo yachiwiri sanali wamphamvu yekha, iwo anali mwa zida zamphamvu kwambiri m'mayiko nkhondo ndi Germany.

The zikuchokera kwa Kriegsmarine

Maboti asilikali zombo Germany ndi 1154 sitima zapamadzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpaka September 1939 sitima zapamadzi anali zidutswa 57 okha, zina akhala mwapadera anamanga nkhondo. Ena mwa iwo anagwidwa. Choncho panali zisanu Dutch 4 Italy, Norway 2 ndi mmodzi wa English ndi sitima zankhondo French. Onsewo anali atakonzekera ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Bulu zikayenda

Kriegsmarine pa nkhondo chinaperekedwa kwambiri za kuwonongeka kwa adani ake. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu yabwino kwambiri Otto Kretschmer anamiza sitima mdani pafupifupi makumi asanu. Ali akatswiri ake ndi mwa ngalawa. Mwachitsanzo, German sitima zapamadzi U-48 anamiza sitima 52.

Kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, German asilikali apanyanja, wokhoza kuononga ofunkha 63, 9 cruisers, ndege onyamula ndipo ngakhale 7 2 Nkhondo. The yaikulu komanso lodziwika kupambana kwa asilikali a German pakati pawo tinganene kuti madzi asefukire ankadikira "Royal Oak" amene adalira inkakhala zikwi za anthu, ndi kusamutsidwa ake ndi matani 31.200.

dongosolo Z

Monga Hitler ankaona zombo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri kupambana Germany ndi m'mayiko ena ndipo anawamvera chifundo chokha mmene iye zabwino, anam'patsa kwambiri chidwi, osati kuchepetsa ndalama. Mu 1939, pa chikonzero cha chitukuko cha Kriegsmarine anayamba kupanga patadutsa zaka 10, amene, mwamwayi, kodi sakwanitsa chikukwaniritsidwa. Malinga ndi njira imeneyi, tiyenera zamangidwa mazana ochepa amphamvu kwambiri Nkhondo, cruisers ndi sitima zankhondo.

Wamphamvu German U-maboti ya nkhondo yachiwiri

Photos of ena kupulumuka luso German sitima zapamadzi kupereka lingaliro la mphamvu ya yapamadzi ya ulamuliro wa Hitler, koma ofooka okha kusonyeza momwe cholimba asilikali. Ambiri mwa bulu German anali sitima zankhondo lembani VII, iwo anali mulingo woyenera seaworthiness, anali kukula zikutanthauza, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, kumanga awo anali wotsika, chimene chiri chofunika mu nkhondo.

Iwo akhoza kuyenda pansi pa madzi kuti akuya mamita 320 ndi kusamutsidwa ndi matani 769, oyendetsa anali ku antchito 42 mpaka 52. Ngakhale kuti "Zisanu ndi ziwiri" anali wokongola mkulu maboti quality, pa nthawi dziko mdani Germany bwino zida zake, kotero Germany analinso ntchito pa moyo wamakono wa ana awo. Chifukwa, bwato anaonekera ndi kuwasintha pang'ono. Wotchuka kwambiri wa awa anali VIIC chitsanzo, limene anasanduka umunthu wa mphamvu German nkhondo pa kuukira pa Atlantic, koma anali omasuka kuposa buku m'mbuyomu. miyeso chidwi kulola kukhazikitsa injini dizilo wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi kusinthidwa wotsatira ndi osiyana ndi zambiri wangwiro housings kuti kulola zakuya madzi.

German U-maboti ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali pansi nthawi zonse, ngati ife tikanati lero, Sinthani. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zambiri nzeru akuti ndi mtundu XXI. sitima zapamadzi chinalengedwa ndi dongosolo mpweya ndi zida zina kuti lalembedwa kwa kukhala m'madzi timu yaitali. Okwana maboti 118 wa mtundu uwu zinamangidwa.

The zotsatira za ntchito ya Kriegsmarine

sitima zankhondo German ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, chithunzi cha nthawi zambiri zikhoza kupezeka mu mabuku pa zida za nkhondo, izo zatenganso kwambiri pa isanayambike ulamuliro wa Hitler. mphamvu zawo sangathe saganizira, koma ayenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale ndi chitetezo choterocho ku wamagazi ambiri Mtsogoleri mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi ya bulu German ndipo analephera kubweretsa mphamvu zake kuti apambane. Mwina, sikokwanira zida zabwino ndi asilikali amphamvu, kugonjetsa Germany analibe zokwanira wa nzeru ndi kulimba mtima, amene anali asilikali ankhondo olimba mtima wa Soviet Union. Aliyense akudziwa kuti Nazi anali kukhetsa mwazi kwambiri ndi pa njira yake mwamwano, koma sizinathandize iwo mwina amazipanga okonzeka asilikali, kapena kusowa mfundo. magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, chiwiya yolimbanirana ndi chitukuko atsopano sanapereke ulamuliro wa Hitler zotsatira kuyembekezera.