Haidrojeni cyanide: A kalasi ngozi chilinganizo

Haidrojeni cyanide kapena hydrocyanic otchedwa asidi hydrocyanic. Ndi colorless, oyaka kwambiri ndi mafoni, kwambiri flammable, ali ndi fungo zapadera amondi. Zili ndi poizoni kwambiri.

katundu

Haidrojeni cyanide (HCN chilinganizo) akupezeka mwachibadwa, amasonkhana ena zomera nayenso cholowa mu utsi fodya, coke, kupatukana zimawonedwa pa kuwonongeka matenthedwe wa polyurethane ndi nayiloni. mankhwala ndi tizilombo zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza mbewu ndi mbewu za zomera zambiri kwa adani ndi tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo, uli mu mtima wa apricots, nthuza yamatcheri, amondi.

Iwo mosavuta osokonezeka pa chiŵerengero aliyense ndi ethyl mowa, Mowa ndi madzi, ndi izo amachitira ndi aldehyde. Haidrojeni cyanide amakhala olimba pa madigiri -13,3 Celsius, kapangidwe CHIKWANGWANI ayezi. Likukhalira ku mpweya pa madigiri 25,7. Mpweya ndi opepuka kuposa mpweya.

zosiyanasiyana mosavuta kuyamwa asidi hydrocyanic. Mwachitsanzo, labala, nsalu, simenti, njerwa, ndi zakudya iliyonse. Haidrojeni cyanide uli wosakanizika mitundu mpweya osakaniza flammable, zachiwawa, mphamvu zachiwawa amene ali woposa wa TNT.

ntchito

asidi Hydrocyanic ntchito yopanga acrylonitrile, acrylates, amene kenako ndi kupanga mapulasitiki. izo ndi zofunika kutulutsa cyanogen enaake, acrylonitrile, amino zidulo ndi fumigants ntchito pa ulimi ulamuliro tizilombo. Nawo kaphatikizidwe wa mphira nitrile ndi ulusi kupanga, asidi lactic ndi plexiglass. Bwinobwino ntchito mu ulamuliro rodent, disinfection ndi chiwonongeko cha tizirombo wa mitengo ya zipatso.

Mayendedwe ndi kusunga

Pakuti mayendedwe a cyanide wa hydrogen ntchito monga akasinja zosakhalitsa yosungirako ndipo muli, magalimoto njanji. Kwa okhazikika ntchito yosungirako lapadziko ofukula cylindrical mosungiramo buku kuchokera kiyubiki mamita makumi asanu ndi zikwi zisanu (kudzazidwa chinthu cha 0.9-0.95). Atmospheric kuthamanga, kutentha zonenepa si yafupika. The pazipita kololeka kuchuluka kwa yosungirako - matani awiri.

chiphe

Mutu, kuyabwa, kumverera mkwiyo pa kamwa, mantha - zonse zimene zingachititse cyanide wa hydrogen. kukhudzana anthu lidzayamba pambuyo kugonjetsa pakhomo la 0,3 mg / mamita ³ (cubed) - ndi kuchepetsa chovomerezeka ndende mu mlengalenga ndi danga logwira ntchito. Atmospheric midzi mpweya ayenera mulibe kuposa 0.01 mg / mamita ^3.

munthu wayamba kumva khalidwe amondi fungo pa ndende ya 2-5 mg / mamita ^3. Ndi kukula ambiri 5-20 mg / mamita ³ amaoneka zizindikiro loyamba: kupweteka kwa mutu ndi chizungulire, mkwiyo wa nembanemba wa mucous ndi maso, pakamwa akhumudwe, limapezekanso wosavomerezedwa mphamvu ya mantha. Nthawi yaitali ndende ya 50-60 mg / mamita ³ amachititsa kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, palpitations, mydriasis, khunyu ndi imfa ya chikumbumtima. Chifukwa chakupha mokwanira pokoka mpweya nthunzi pa ndende ya 130 mg / mamita ³ paola, ndi pa ndende ya 220 mg / ^M3 nthawi yafupika mphindi zisanu. Woopsa ndende ndi 1500 mg / ^M3.

zotsatira zokhudza thupi

Prussic asidi - chinthu chimene chingathe minofu anoxia. Ngati poyizoni m'thupi la munthu pali ponso mpweya wolumikizira ndi magazi venous, potero kuchepetsa wolumikizira-venous kusiyana, chifukwa, mowa minofu mpweya ali kwambiri yafupika. Haidrojeni cyanide ndi mchere ake kuti kusungunuka magazi, kugwera mu nsalu ndipo anatani ndi cytochrome oxidase. Pambuyo cyanide pawiri mu mawonekedwe a trivalent chitsulo kusokonezedwa ntchito ya elekitironi kusamukira okosijeni. Chifukwa chakuti chomaliza makutidwe ndi okosijeni wagawo sichitha, dongosolo lonse kupuma akawinduka, akudwala minofu hypoxia, chifukwa ngakhale mpweya ndi atawalankhula kuchuluka lamanja, si odzipereka ndipo anatumiza mu mwazi venous mu mawonekedwe sichinasinthe.

Pa kutsegula kwa glycolysis zidzachitika asidi prussic poyizoni: kusintha kuwombola ku thupi kwa anaerobic.

Kupha ngozi

Haidrojeni cyanide (ngozi kalasi - 2) zingakhale kumapha anthu. Pa zotsatira za ngozi imene kugwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kapena spillage wa NCH, m'dera la ngozi mamita 400 kutali. M'pofunika kupeza ndi kuchotsa anthu, achotse chilichonse cha moto, ndi losasuta. Kodi kukhala pa mbali leeward.

Ngakhale mkati mwa malo woopsawo chofunika ntchito kazipangizo zodzitetezera (chimateteza masks kapena kupuma zida, komanso kuteteza khungu zikutanthauza A-1, 5, Oil ndi Oil 4). Kunja chetyrehsotmetrovoy zone kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo khungu ndi kusamalira mafakitale ndi yapachiweniweni masks mpweya kudziteteza kuti poizoni.

masks mpweya ndi zipangizo zina zodzitetezera

Tikaphatikiza manja fyuluta masks zimathandiza ngati ndende ya cyanide wa hydrogen mu mlengalenga ndi zosakwana 2500 mg / ^M3. Industrial masks fyuluta chagwiritsidwa pa pazipita chovomerezeka ndende ya mg wa 6000 / ^M3. Komabe, ngati nthunzi kachigawo asidi hydrocyanic mu mlengalenga ndi 7000-12000 mg / mamita ³ (7-12 g), ngakhale kuvala mpweya chigoba, munthu mu maminiti pang'ono kumva zizindikiro za poyizoni chifukwa malowedwe kudzera pakhungu. N'chifukwa chake pa woipa mkulu kapena pambuyo ntchito yaitali m'dera chofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zonse zoteteza.