Zikamera vuto Palestina. Vuto Palestina pa siteji pano

Vuto Palestina ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zovuta kwambiri kwa anthu padziko lonse. Izo zinayambira mu 1947 ndipo anapanga maziko a nkhondo Middle East, chitukuko chimene anati mpaka pano.

A History Mwachidule la Palestine

Chiyambi cha vuto Palestina ayenera anafuna kalelo. Ndiye malowa anali zochitika za kulimbana kowawa pakati Mesopotamia, Egypt ndi Foinike. Pamene Mfumu Davide analenga amphamvu boma Ayuda likulu lake ku Yerusalemu. Koma II. BC. e. pano Aroma anathira nkhondo. Iwo anagonjetsa dziko ndipo anachipatsa dzina latsopano - Palestine. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu Ayuda anakakamizika kupita ku ulendo, ndi Posakhalitsa tinakhazikika m'madera osiyana ndi wothira Akhristu.

Mu VII a. Palestine chinaperekedwa kuti agonjetse Arab. ulamuliro wawo m'dera limeneli inatenga pafupifupi 1,000 zapitazo. Mu theka lachiwiri la XIII - kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVI. Palestine chigawo cha Iguputo, amene analamulira pa nthawi ya mtundu wa Mamluk mafumu. Pambuyo pake, gawo mbali ya Ottoman. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIX. allocated dera ku Yerusalemu, limene linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Istanbul.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo British

Zikamera vuto Palestina chikukhudzana ndi mfundo British, kotero muyenera kuganizira mbiri ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo British mderali.

Mu Balfour Declaration linaperekedwa pa First World nkhondo. Malinga ndi izo UK ndi maganizo abwino kwa chilengedwe cha nyumba ya fuko la Ayuda a ku Palestina. Kenako, kugonjetsa dziko anatumidwa ndi Legiyo ongodzipereka Zionist.

Mu 1922, bungwe la League of Nations anapereka Britain ndi udindo pa Palestine. Iwo analowa mphamvu mu 1923.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1919 mpaka 1923 Palestine asamuka 35 Ayuda zikwi, ndi kuchokera 1924 mpaka 1929 -. 82 chikwi.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Palesitina pa lamulo British

Pa lamulo British, Ayuda ndi Arab anatsogolera wodziimira mfundo zoweta. Mu 1920 g. Hagan (loukitsa udindo kudzikonda Ayuda) inakhalapo. Atsamunda mu Palestine anamanga nyumba ndi misewu, iwo ndi amene analenga otukuka zachuma ndi zomangamanga chikhalidwe. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakukhosi a Aluya, zotsatira zimene zinali pogroms odana ndi Ayuda. Inali pa nthawi iyi (1929) kuyambira kutuluka vuto Palestina. boma la Britain imeneyi amapereka kwa Ayuda. Komabe pogroms zinachititsa kuti kufunika asagwiritse wawo ku Palestina, komanso kugula m'dziko muno. Akuluakulu ngakhale anapereka otchedwa White Paper Passfilda. Iwo kwambiri okha Kusamuka kwa Ayuda pa dziko Palestina.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Palestine nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Pambuyo kudza kwa ulamuliro Adolf Hitler mu Germany, anasamukira ku Palestina, mazana a zikwi za Ayuda. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Commission Royal akufuna kugawanitsa British lamulo malire a dziko pawiri. Kotero, kuti analenga limati Ayuda ndi Aluya. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mbali zonse za kale Palestine womangidwa ndi udindo mgwirizano ndi England. Izi maganizo Ayuda amapereka, koma Aluya otsutsa. Iwo anafuna mapangidwe boma limodzi, lomwe kungakupatseni Kuyanjana pakathi pa mitundu yonse.

Mu 1937-1938. Mwambo nkhondo pakati pa Ayuda ndi Aluya. Nditamaliza ake (1939), MacDonald White lalembedwa anayamba ndi boma la Britain. Bukuli mwatsatanetsatane kulenga mu zaka 10 ndi boma limodzi limene Aluya ndi Ayuda adzathandiza boma. Zionists anadzudzula MacDonald White Paper. Pa tsiku la zitsanzo zake buku unachitikira Ayuda, zigaŵenga wa Haganah anachita kupulula maofesi zofunika njira.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Atabwera mphamvu, Churchill Haganah zigaŵenga nawo mwachangu mbali British mu maudani ku Syria. Kamodzi mbisoweka kuopseza nkhondo ya asilikali Nazi pa dera la Palestina, Irgun (a zigawenga zigawenga bungwe) anatsogolera anthu kupandukira England. Nkhondo itatha, Britain womangika kulowa kwa Ayuda mu dziko. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo teamed ndi Haganah Irgun. Iwo analenga kayendedwe "kukaniza Ayuda." Mamembala a mabungwe awa anaukira zinthu njira, anapanga pofuna pa nthumwi za utsogoleli atsamunda. Mu 1946, zigaŵenga yakuwadzudzumisa milatho yonse kuti chikugwirizana Palestine ndi limati oyandikana.

Creation wa Boma la Israel. Zikamera vuto Palestina

Mu 1947, United Nations anagonjera dongosolo la kugawa la Palestine, monga Britain anati sangathe kuwalamulira zinthu pa dziko. Inakhalapo komiti ya mayiko 11. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha Msonkhano General UN, pambuyo May 1, 1948, kusiya kwa lamulo British, Palestine ayenera analigawa mu limati awiri (Ayuda ndi Arab). Choncho Yerusalemu akhale pansi pa ulamuliro wa mayiko. Dongosolo ili UN Analeredwa ndi voti ambiri.

May 14, 1948 analengeza boma palokha la Israel. ola limodzi chimodzimodzi lisanathe lamulo la Britain ku Palestine, David Ben-Gurion aliwerenge malemba a "Chikhazikitso cha wodzilamulira".

Choncho, ngakhale kuti chiyembekezo za nkhondo tinawandandalika kale, zikamera vuto Palestina amagwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha dziko la Israyeli.

Nkhondo ya 1948-1949,

M'mawa kulengeza chigamulo Israel kulenga pa m'gawo lake anaukira Suriya, asilikali aku Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt ndi Transjordan. Cholinga m'mayiko amenewa Arab anali kuwononga boma utangoyamba kumene. Vuto Palestina ali anakula chifukwa zinthu zatsopano. Mu May 1948, ku Israel akuphatikizapo a silikhali (IDF) analengedwa. Tikumbukenso kuti boma latsopano kuthandiza US. Ndi ichi mu June 1948, Israel linayamba potsimikizira-zolawula. nkhondoyo inatha yekha mu 1949. Pa nkhondo, Israeli womwe West Yerusalemu zinasonyeza kuti mbali ina ya m'madera Arab.

Suez ndawala 1956

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba, vuto la mapangidwe statehood Palestina ndi Kuzindikila ufulu wa Aluya a Israel silinathe, koma anakula.
Mu 1956, Egypt nationalized ya Suez Canal. France ndi Britain ayamba kukonzekera opaleshoni, chachikulu chidwi mphamvu yomwe anapereka Israel. ntchito asilikali inayamba mu October 1956 mu Sinai. Pakutha November, Israel ankalamulira pafupifupi onse m'gawo lake (kuphatikizapo Sharm El-Sheikh ndi Gaza Mzere). Zimenezi wachititsa kusakhutira wa USSR ndi USA. Ndi chiyambi cha 1957, England ndi Israel asilikali anasiya deralo.

Mu 1964, Pulezidenti Aigupto anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Palestine Kumasuka Organization" (PLO). Chikalata ake mfundo ananena kuti kugawa la Palestine m'magulu ndi zoletsedwa. Komanso, PLO sanamuzindikire boma la Israel.

The nkhondo Six Tsiku

June 5, 1967 atatu mayiko Arab (Egypt, Jordan ndi Syria) mwabweretsa ankhondo awo malire a Israyeli, oletsedwa njira yopita ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi Suez Canal. Zachitetezo m'mayiko amenewa ndi mwayi kwambiri. Tsiku lomwelo, Israel anapezerapo "Opaleshoni Moked" ndipo anatumiza asilikali Egypt. Mu nkhani ya masiku (5 mpaka 10 June) m'manja a Isiraeli onse Sinai, Yerusalemu, Yudeya, Samaria, ndi Golan Heights. Tikumbukenso kuti Syria ndi Egypt mlandu Britain ndi United States nawo za Nkhondo kumbali ya Israyeli. Komabe, kopanda ichi anali umboni.

"Yom Kippur nkhondo"

Israeli-Palestina vuto wakhala kukula pambuyo Six Tsiku nkhondo. Egypt mobwerezabwereza anayesa kuti ayambenso ulamuliro la Sinai.
Mu 1973, nkhondo yatsopano. Chimodzi cha October (Patsiku la Kupepetsera pa kalendala ya Ayuda) Egypt anatumiza asilikali mu Sinai ndi asilikali a Siriya ali wotanganidwa Golan Heights. IDF anatha kubweza zinachitika ndipo mwamsanga kuchotsa mayunitsi Arab ku madera amenewo. A pangano mtendere walemba pa 23 October (United States ndi Soviet Union mkhalapakati pa nkhani zinali).

Mu 1979, pangano latsopano yosainidwa pakati pa Israel ndi Egypt. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa dziko la Ayuda anakhalabe Gaza Mzere, ndi Sinai ndi kwa mwiniwake m'mbuyomu.

"Mtendere Galileya"

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuwonongedwa kwa Israeli, PLO anali mu nkhondo. Ndi 1982, PLO thandizo m'munsi unakhazikitsidwa kum'mwera Lebanon. Pa m'gawo lake nthawi zonse shelling Galileya. June 3, 1982 pofuna zigawenga anapanga pa kazembe Israeli mu London.

June 5, IDF anachita ntchito bwino, imene mbali Arab anagonjetsedwa. Aisiraeli akapambana nkhondo Komabe, nkhani Palestina wakhala kwambiri kulimbikitsa. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dziko la Ayuda m'bwalo lonse.

Kufunafuna kuthetsa mwamtendere nkhondo mu 1991

Vuto Palestina mu mgwirizano wa mayiko anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. Zingamvekere zofuna za m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo UK, France, ndi USSR, USA ndi ena.

Mu 1991, Conference Madrid zinachitika, cholinga kuthetsa mikangano Middle East. okonza ake anali United States ndi Soviet Union. khama lawo tapangidwa kuonetsetsa kuti mayiko Arab (maphwando kuti mkangano) apangana za mtendere ndi dziko la Ayuda.

Kumvetsa akamanena za vuto Palestina, United States ndi Soviet Union anapatsa Aisiraeli kuchoka m'madera azigwira. Iwo anachita kuonetsetsa ufulu yovomerezeka anthu Palestina ndi chitetezo cha dziko la Ayuda. msonkhano Madrid panafika kwa nthawi yoyamba mbali zonse za nkhondo Middle East. Komanso, panali zinayenda chilinganizo kuti zokambirana tsogolo, "mtendere kuwombola madera".

Zokambirana mu Oslo

Ulendo wotsatira kuthetsa mikangano akhala nkhani chinsinsi pakati pa nthumwi ya Isiraeli ndi PLO, umene unachitika mu August 1993 ku Oslo. Mkhalapakati iwo analankhula Norway nduna ya nkhani zakunja. Israel ndi PLO analengeza kuzindikira mzake. Komanso, yotsirizira anayamba kupasula ndime hayala, chimene chimafuna chiwonongeko cha dziko la Ayuda. Zokambirana pachimake mu kusaina mu Washington wa Declaration ya Mfundo. Chikalatachi envisaged kumayambiriro wodzilamulira mu Gaza Mzere kwa nthawi ya zaka 5.

Ambiri, zokambirana mu Oslo sanam'bweretsere zotsatirapo zikuluzikulu. Sichinayambe ananena wodziimira othawa kwawo ku Palestina simungathe kubwerera kudera makolo awo sanali kumatanthauza udindo wa Yerusalemu.

Vuto Palestina pa siteji pano

Chiyambireni cha masauzande awiri, anthu padziko lonse mobwerezabwereza anayesa kuthetsa vuto Palestina. atatu gawo dongosolo "Roadmap" anayamba kupanga mu 2003. Ankaganiza kuthetsa zonse ndi yomaliza ya nkhondo Middle East ndi 2005. Kuchita izi, izo anakonza kulenga yotheka demokalase boma - Palestine. Ntchito anali ovomerezeka ndi onsewo mkangano kwinaku akuzisunga udindo wake monga yekha dongosolo ofunda kanthu kwa kuthetsa mtendere vuto Palestina.

Komabe, lero, dera limeneli ndi limodzi mwa kwambiri "zachiwawa" mu dziko. Vuto osati amakhalabe sanathetsedwe, komanso kwambiri kukula nthawi.