Harald Fairhair: yonena za Mfumu loyamba la Norway

Woyamba Mfumu ya Norway Harald Fairhair analamulira zaka 872-930. Iye ogwirizana mu ulamuliro wake wa gulu loyamba chikumenyana Viking ndi bungwe maulendo angapo nyanja kumadzulo. Umene unayamba ndi Harald ankalamulidwa ndi Norway mpaka 1319 (ndi Denmark mu 1042 -. 1047 gg).

Mpikisano wa mphamvu

Harald Fairhair anabadwa mu 850, mwana wa Halfdan Black - Westfold Mfumu. Bambo ake anamwalira pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka khumi. Pamene Harald ros, asilikali ake ndi amalume ake anathamanga nkhani za boma Guthorm. Ambiri mafumu anayamba mwapang'onopang'ono umwini wa Halfdan, koma anagonjetsedwa nayenso.

Akafike kukhwima, Harald Fairhair cholinga kuphatikiza dziko lonse la m'dziko lake. Tinatengera kwa bambo ake kuti iye ali nawo masiku ano kum'mwera Norway mbwenye kwambiri. Mu 872, Harald nkhondo pa mafumu amene anakana azindikire ulamuliro wa Fairhair. Zinali wolamulira Herdlanda Eirik, wolamulira Rogaland Sulki ndi Hadd wowuma ndi yokhumudwa Hroald wa Telamerka. mafumu onse anagwirizana mphamvu zogonjetsera mwana wamng'ono wa Halfdan Black.

Mfumu yoyamba ya Norway

Atasonkhanitsa ankhondo awo Drakkar, Harald Fairhair napita m'mbali mwa gombe la Norway kum'mwera chakumadzulo - mu mtima a m'zigawo za adani ake. Nkhondo kunachitika mu Havrsforde - mmodzi wa fjords wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumene lero pokumbukira nkhondo zofunika waima chipilala. Anaganiza zotsatira za nkhondo othamanga berserker kuukira - asilikali omwe anali m'gulu la mwambo wa mulungu Odin nkhondo. Izi Asilikali ndi kukana aukali chinapululutsa chiwerengero cha otsutsa, kuwatsogolera iwo mantha.

Choncho Harald Fairhair anapambana chigonjetso wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanga. adani ake anaphedwa kapena kuthawa. Norway salinso anakana mphamvu yekha wa Viking wamng'ono uyu. Mu 872, anakhala mfumu yoyamba ya Norway.

Ulendo ku West

Pamene Harald Norwegians anayamba kukhazikika m'dera chimanga chosakhwima patsogolo. zigawo chatsopano katswiri - ndi Helsingyaland Yamtaland. Pa nthawi yomweyo mdziko ake anapeza m'mayiko sankadziwika - ndi Faroe Islands ndi Iceland. Pambuyo Korol Harald Fairhair anayamba kulamulira, anathawa dziko, osati adani ake, komanso mitundu yonse ya akuba, ankasakidwa kuba. Izi Scandinavia anakakhala Islands Orkney. Chilimwe chilichonse iwo amene ankachitika anawazunza Norway, kuchititsa kuwonongeka ndithu kwa anthu.

Choyamba Harald kuteteza dziko lawo, kamodzi pachaka, kusonkhanitsa asilikali ndi kusanthula nyanja, kuposa onse akudwala achifwamba. Komabe, njira imeneyi anali osamveka. Pomaliza, Viking Harald Fairhair anasonkhanitsa Army ndi yapamadzi, anapita ku Nyanja Western. Wamenya pa zilumba za Orkney, pochotsa obisalira onse kumeneko. Pambuyo kuti Norwegians anapita ku Scotland ndi Chisumbu cha Man. Anawazunza anawapatsa zambiri abe. Ndiyamika msonkhano bwino ndi kupeza m'mayiko ena Harald pang'onopang'ono kumalimbitsa mphamvu zake.

Akangana ndi ana

Harald yoikidwiratu abwanamkubwa zawo m'madera yekha ambiri odzipereka ndi kutsimikiziridwa anthu. Ine sanali ana ake. Earls a iwo anali upstarts amene simuli banja lachifumu. Chaka chilichonse, ana onse a kufunika mu cholowa cha atate wake. Mphukira Harald anali ambiri (monga magwero osiyanasiyana, 20).

Kamodzi ana awiri Gudred Halfdan ndipo anatola kumuwombera lalikulu, ndipo mwadzidzidzi anaukira Jarl Regnvalda. nyumba unawotchedwa kwa bwanamkubwa (kumene anthu 60 anafa) ndi kuthetsa anafunkha. Harald kupita ku nkhondo ana awo, amene ankachitika kuphedwa chifukwa cha kusamva kwawo. Gudred anagonja kwa atate wake, ndipo anathawira ku Agdir.

Mmodzi wa ana a Harald Regnvald Pryamonogy, amene analamulira mu Hadalande, anayamba kulowerera ufiti ndi matsenga. Mfumu anamuda anthu kumachita ngati zingawalodze. Chikunja chikhulupiriro Scandinavians spawned miyambo yambiri zamatsenga. Ankalimbikitsa kupemphapempha ndi ansembe. Mfumu Harald Fairhair ankaona ngati anthu ampatuko. Analamula mwana wake ndiwotani Eric Bloodaxe kupita ndi kulanga Hadaland Regnvalda. Wolowa kwenikweni analowa malo a mng'ono wake, ndi kutentha pamodzi ndi ankatumikira wina 80 ndi anyanga.

dziko mbiri

Padziko 900, pamene Harald zaka 50, anaitana Chinthu (Assembly Anthu). Iye anakambirana zoti achite ndi olowa yambiri ya Mfumu. Kaki kuyembekezera, ana onse analandira maudindo a Mfumu ndi cholowa Norway. Choncho Harald mwalamulo wotetezedwa dongosolo ang'onoang'ono ndi kugawikana a tsogolo la dziko.

Malinga ndi chigamulo wilawi, kulalikira anthu onse chidwi ufulu amuna a Norway, mutu wa Mfumu analandira osati ana, komanso ana onse a Mfumu. Anyamata mu mzere wamkazi anakhala yarlami. Harald ankadalira ana theka ndalama bambo ake m'mizinda yawo. Favorite mwana wa Mfumu Eirik analipatsa dzina nkhwangwa amagazi. wolowa nyumba iyi inali nthawi yotsatira bambo ake, pambuyo pa imfa yake anakhala ulamuliro Norway.

Kupha mwana wa Harald

Harald Ana analandira madalitso awo, ndiponso kutonthozedwa kunyada kwake. Komabe, mgwirizano pakati pa iwo anali silikuyenda bwino. mwana mfumu Bjorn anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa dziko lake, lomwe likulu lake mu Vestfold Tunsberg Township. Iye anathamanga malonda opindulitsa, amene analandira dzina la amalonda ndi amalinyero.

Tsiku lina ataweruka ku mayiko a kum'mawa Eirik adabwerera kwa bambo ake kudzera Bjorn dziko. M'bale mkulu anafuna kuti kupereka msonkho wamng'ono anafuna kuti chikwama anthu. Izi zinali zotsutsana ndi mwambo wawo. Kawirikawiri adatulutsa Bjorn misonkho anatumiza kwa atate wake kapena amuna. Komabe, Eirik sankasamala - iye ankayenera kuti kuwononga ndalama bungwe ndi ochititsa maulendowa lomaliza. Pakati pa abale nkhondo inayamba. Mtsutsano zinatha pamene Eirik, ankasiyana ankhanza, anathyola ndi kumuwombera zoona kunyumba Bjorn, namupha woyendetsa ndi Viking lake lapamtima. Achikulire Harald chiyani sanalange mwana mkulu.

Renunciation ndi imfa

Mu 930 Harald zaka 80. Kwa m'badwo wake, iye akhale ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. Asanafe, mfumu anapita kusuntha zachilendo kwa Ages Middle - kunapatsa korona mwana wake, ali amoyo. Kupanga Erik Mfumu Harald anapita ku munda wake Rogaland. Khalidwe latsopano za kholo okalamba a banja yaikulu anapeza kubadwa kwa mdzukulu wake amene anamutcha dzina la agogo ake. Patapita zaka zambiri iye adzakhala Mfumu ya Norway Harald II Gray zikopa. mwana A anatengera makhalidwe ambiri Fairhair.

Harald Ine anamwalira zaka zitatu pambuyo abdication wake mu 933 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu mzinda Haugare. Lero, Suli kutali ndi mayimidwe a mpingo. Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndilo chitunda amene m'manda mfumu yoyamba ya Norway.

Zotsatira za Harald

Scandinavia Harald Fairhair ndi Ragnar Lodbrok - olamulira lodziwika bwino kwa oyambirira Ages Middle. Woyamba anali mfumu ya Norway, ndipo chachiwiri - Denmark. Theka lachiwiri la m'zaka IX - nthawi ya chiyambi cha statehood m'mayikowa. Mafumu anakhala atsogoleri a anthu awo pa bwinja la dongosolo lakale mafuko.

Mfumu Harald Fairhair ndi Ragnar Lodbrok kwambiri mumtima mawonetseredwe aliyense wa separatism. Tsogolo anatsimikizira kuti akale monarchies Scandinavia zinalumikizana Koma ngati ngati wolamulira kulemekezedwa ndi ambuye onse ang'onoang'ono. Ena Amlowam'malo Harald anali ofooka ndi wosadziwa ndi mafumu. Chifukwa cha ichi, Norway ndi kachiwiri Inabuka nkhondo yapachiweniweni. N'chifukwa chake nthawi Harald mu kuzunza misa ya anthu ankaona kuti nyengo zopambana, ndipo aliyense mfumu ndayesera kukhala wofanana ndi izo.

Mbiri akale a Norway anapatsa ana a otchuka ambiri ndi zilembo otchuka a zosemasema. Mwa iwo ndi Harald Fairhair. Zisudzo ku mibadwo yosiyana ankaimba mu chuma angapo. Mwachitsanzo, anali Soviet-Norway filimu "Ndipo pamiyala mitengo kukula" mu 1985, ndipo masiku Irish-Canada wakuti "The Scandinavia".