Ivar ndi Boneless - mtsogoleri wa Chidanishi Scandinavia, mwana Ragnar Lodbrok. Wambiri, mbiri

Wotchuka Viking Ivar ndi Boneless anali mwana wa ngakhale zambiri lodziwika bwino Ragnar Lodbrok. Kubwezera kwa imfa ya bambo ake, achikunja anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali, amene anafika Britain. Chifukwa cha kampeni wake sikunachitekepo anali kulanda Danes chilumba (makolo wa Danes), kumene zaka ankalamulidwa ndi Scandinavians. Ivar yekha mbiri ya wankhondo oopsa amene zochuluka anaimba mu sagas ambiri akale. moyo wake wonse mawanga woyera atazunguliridwa ndi nthano zambiri ndi m'maganizo.

mwana wa Mfumu

Denmark ndi mfumu Ragnar Lodbrok akhoza kudzitama osati njira kupambana kwake, koma mbewu komanso kwambiri. Ivar - yekha ana ambiri ngwazi lodziwika bwino. Chifukwa cha zikalata otalikirana ndi zolakwika ndiye mbiri yakale ndipo lero sakudziwa pamene Viking anabadwa. Uthenga zokhudza Ivar anasiya "Saga wa Ragnar ndi ana ake." Koma palibe umboni wa ubwana ndi unyamata mtsogoleri tsogolo la Danes.

Palibe kukaika kuti Ivar kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anaphunzira luso la nkhondo. Atate anam'bweretsera Viking lenileni, amene kulibe kanthu koma kukwera ndi looting mu Europe Mkhristu. Ndendende basi IX atumwi anali heyday wa kuukira wamagazi ndi yowononga ya Scandinavians. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anaukira France ndi Britain. Ndi nkhani iyi wofuna pamoyo wake kuti Ivar ndi Boneless. Iye anali ngakhale anayamba banja ndi sanadzisiyira ana awo.

dzina mwambi

Akufufuza safika mfundo imodzi view, izo zimatanthauza dzina ankavala Ivar ndi Boneless (Boneless chifukwa?). Opinion zosiyana. Mwina BONELESS Ivar anaitana see kuposa kale lonse, amene anasonyeza pa nkhondo. Komano, ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa dzina lakuti zingakhale ndi matenda osadziwika.

Ngakhale Ivar anali ndi matenda, iye sizinamulepheretse kupita pa kukwera yaitali. Mu 865 atate wake Ragnar anapulumuka kusweka ngati ngalawa ku gombe la Britain. Mfumu ya Northumbria II wa Ella, amene ankadana ndi Amitundu, anapha lodziwika bwino Viking. Kuphedwa zinali moipa. Ragnar anaponyedwa m'dzenje wonse njoka zaululu. Uthenga wa imfa ya bambo ake Ivar anagwira kunyumba. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mbiri ya Denmark anapanga kukhota lakuthwa. Ana Ragnar anapita pachilumba chakutali, kuti kubwezera bambo ake.

kwa ulendo nyanja

Mu chaka cha 865, ndi gulu lalikulu la Amitundu mudzi Drakkar awo ndipo anapita Britain. Zombo loyamba Ivar anaona osawuka amene anali kugombe la Kent. Amafano mobwerezabwereza mundilanda Britain, koma anthu a sanakumbukire matanga ambiri pafupi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, Ivar ndi Boneless anasonkhana ndi squadron ngalawa 300-400, zimene zinathandiza kuti anthu 5000. Pakuti m'nthawi IX, zinali chithunzi zosaneneka. Zinaoneka kuti mtundu wonse kwapita, monga zachitika pa Great Ataliatali ndi, pamene makolo a Anglo-Saxon okha anasiya Ulaya ndipo anakakhala ku Britain.

Pamodzi ndi bambo Ivar anapita kubwezera zambiri ana awiri a Ragnar - Halfdan ndi Ubba. Pambuyo kuba yoyamba Kent ndi Chisumbu cha Tenet Viking zombo ndinapitirira. Amafano asankha mulingo wake lotsatira East Anglia, amene analamulira ndi Korol Edmund. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti si limodzi nthawi kunkhondo ya Danes. The alendo anali kupita kukhala England kwa nthawi yaitali.

A zombo zikuluzikulu za anthu Danes ouziridwa mantha weniweni. zombo asilikali Drakkar anaika kanjedza matabwa a ankhandwe. Amitundu asilikali Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa mitundu yonse ya zilembo. Zombo Ivar ndi abale ake anali nazonso. The Scandinavia ankakhulupirira kuti mafano matabwa kuthandiza kupherera mizimu yoipa ndi kubweretsa kugonjetsa adani. Rook Danes ali ndi mamangidwe wapadera kwa nthawi. Court osati zinadutsa nyanja kumpoto, komanso akusuntha mu madzi osaya bwino. Izi mbali yotsirizira wakhala zofunika kwambiri kwa ana Ragnar. Ngakhalenso m'madera British, Ivar mtsinje mabedi anayimitsa sitima, umene kusungidwa nkhokwe ndi adani.

zifukwa zina kuwukira ndi

Olemba mbiri yonse ya nthawi anavomereza kuti Ivar ndi abale ake anapita ku Britain kubwezera kwa imfa ya bambo ake, ndipo mfundo imeneyi si chipeneko. Koma chimene chinapangitsa kuti abwere kwa gulu lalikulu la asilikali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbali amene anagwirizana pa nthawi Nkhondoyo chiyani? ndi osayenera mbiri ya kampeni yaitali chiyani?

Mwachitsanzo, Norwegians anachoka kwawo dziko lawo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthaka yachonde nyanja komanso kuchulukana. Koma ana Ragnar ndi asilikali awo anali Danes, kotero iwo anagwidwa zolinga zina. Ponena za zimayambitsa nkhondo ya Great achikunja ankhondo (osati za nkhani lokongola la kubwezera imfa ya Ragnar), sitingathe kunena kuti analipo pa nthawi imeneyo (cha m'ma IX), patapita mavuto yaitali anatsata kugwa kwa Western Roma, Europe anayamba kuchuluka noticeable malonda. M'dera lino anaona kuchuluka yaikulu ya siliva ndi mitundu yonse ya katundu. Pali latsopano wamalonda mzinda, kuphatikizapo British Lundenvik (London). anthu amenewa anali wochuluka, koma analibe mphamvu amphamvu (chifukwa malo pa madzi kapena nyanja). Choncho, Scandinavia ankakumana wachiphamaso mayesero - osati olemera zofunkha, koma bwino kutetezedwa olemera zofunkha.

Chifukwa zikamera wa zombo zikuluzikulu mu mabanki British sanali chuma chokha, komanso ndale. Lonse wa IX atumwi ku Denmark, panabuka mkangano pakati pa mafumu centralized ndi atsogoleri a asilikali a Scandinavia. Mafumu ankangofuna kuletsa nkhondo. Kutchuka ndi amakonda ufulu wa achifwamba a anakaniza pempholi. Mu 854, asilikali anachitira ndi Mfumu Horik I. mfumu Izi mtendere ndi mfumu ya France ndi kuteteza muno golosale. Atamwalira Horik Denmark kwa nthawi yaitali popanda mphamvu akhoza kusungidwa cheke pofuna yokopa wofuna wa Scandinavia. Ndinkagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu kuphatikizapo Ragnar ndi ufulu chomwecho wachita m'manja mwa ana ake, amene anatha kusonkhanitsa ambiri mbali.

Kuyima mu East Anglia

Mu chaka chotsatiracho 866, ndi Scandinavia agwidwa France, anamva kuti Ivar ndi Boneless analengedwa East Anglia amphamvu mfundo. Kuti amafano akhamukira kuchokera konsekonse Scandinavia. Mu East Anglia kuwafunafuna anali atangomaliza zoononga m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Ana Ragnar linachita ku UK lonse yozizira. chiwerengero cha misasa kuchuluka Scandinavians - mtambo mutu wa Edmund anakula zikuluzikulu. The Scandinavia sanapite ngakhale pambuyo linagwirizana ndi comrades amene achita France boma yaikulu - Korol Karl ndi dazi anagula kutali mapaundi 4 zikwi a siliva. Asilikali ambiri, ilo linali loto mtheradi, koma Ivar ndi Boneless wokondedwa kwambiri imafika mapulani.

Kupita kudziko lina, mkulu wa asilikali wawakonzera dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane. Iye anaganiza kusiya chakale Scandinavia kuyenda njira ndi kupanga kavalo asilikali. Kuti izi yotsiriza, East Anglia ongobweramo kutali ndi anthu wamba ambiri akavalo. apakavalo zinali zambiri ndi kayendedwe mofulumira dziko sankadziwa. Kufika pa malo a nkhondo, ndi Scandinavia anatsika pa bulu nagwada ndi opareshoni chishango kwa chishango wapansi. Msilikali aliyense kumbuyo mnzake - asilikali kumenyana ngati chamoyo umodzi.

Kukwera mu Northumbria

Amitundu, amene anagonjetsa dziko la Britain, anali pa dzanja chakuti pa chisumbu panalibe ulamuliro umodzi. England unagawidwa maufumu asanu. ubwenzi wawo anali tangle zotsutsana. Monga ulamuliro, iwo sizigwirizana, ndi kufika kwa alendo kuyesera kuti agwirizane mphamvu adani wamba. Kunapezeka si nthawi zonse.

ndi vicissitudes ndale ndipo anadziwa mtsogoleri wa Chidanishi Scandinavia Ivar. Choyamba, iye anaganiza kuti aukire Northumbria. Ufumu umenewu anadwala ndewu mkati. Madzulo a anthu ake kuchotsedwa yekha mfumu Osbert. Iye anali m'malo ndi Ella II. Iwo anali pa lamulo lake anaphedwa ndi Ragnar Lodbrok, amene anaponyedwa m'dzenje la njoka.

Choncho, Ivar ndi abale ake anasankha Northumbria kubwezera awo ndi chifukwa ufumu umenewu ndiye kuposa wina aliyense avutika ndewu boma. Anthu otchuka m'dera linagawanika. theka limodzi la iwo anathandiza ufumuyo. Ena ankaganiza kuti abwerere Osbert, amene anali wa m'banja lachifumu ndipo anayenera chomveka wachifumu (motsutsana ndi otsika wobadwa Ella II).

vendetta

Achikunja litalanda Northumbria November 1866 chaka. Asilikali a anthu pafupifupi 10 zikwi anatsogolera mtsogoleri wa Chidanishi Scandinavia Ivar. Akhristu zinali Tsiku la Oyera Mtima - deti limene iwo kale kuyiwala za zida ndi mwamtendere anapita ku tchalitchi. Scandinavia Adawaononga, psiti modzidzimutsa. Komanso, iwo unachita ndi mikangano pakati amazikonda anthu otchuka. Mpaka tsiku lomaliza la Northumbria ambuye sanali njira iliyonse yaikulu kuteteza dziko, poganiza kuti mphepo ndidzadutsa iwo ndi tsika pa oyandikana Mercia.

Chifukwa cha Anglo-Saxon sakanakhoza kupereka wotsutsa aliyense lalikulu. Mfumu mopupuluma anathawa. Ivar ndi abale ake ndi asilikali analowa City. M'tauni, kamodzi linakhazikitsidwa ndi Aroma, zaka zapita ku Danes. Scandinavia nyengo yachisanu kumeneko ndi kusoka kuonongeka mtima kukonzekera kukumana latsopano ndi Akhristu.

Ndi kasupe lotsatira (867) ukapolo Osbert ndi Ella potsiriza, Kuombolera anaganiza ntchito pamodzi. Iwo anaukira New York pa March 23, Palm Sunday. Kufulumira kwa Anglo-Saxon kungakupatseni bwino choyamba. Zinaoneka kuti adani a anasinthanitsa maudindo. Tsopano, mbamuikha ndi adani a Scandinavia anali pafupi kugonja. Komabe, mafumu awiri a asilikali anafika msampha. Kudzera zibowo m'makoma, iye kunayambika ku New York ndipo ankakhala ndi khamu kuposa Scandinavia.

N'zoopsa wankhondo Ivar sanali kokha wankhondo chidwi. Mu nthawi zovuta tingalandire mwatsatanetsatane kuchenjera ndi kugonjetsa maganizo mdani mwini. The Anglo-Saxon anagonjetsedwa. Ella ndi Osbert analipira ndi miyoyo yawo. Tiyenera kutchura imfa ya wakupha wa Ragnar. Ella zinachititsa kuti Ivar ndi maso a anthu amafuna kubwezera pansi chilango chipangizo achikunja - "mphungu wamagazi. Anasokonezeka anang'amba pachifuwa, anatulutsa mbandakucha kumbuyoko kudula "mapiko". "Magazi Eagle" amaganiziranso wina. Amafano anayamika mulungu wawo wa nkhondo, chifukwa chopambana zofunika ndi wosaiwalika.

Nkhondo ndi Mercia

Kukhala mwini lenileni la Northumbria, wochenjera Ivar Ragnarsson anakana kutenga mpando wachifumu. Iye anapanga zidole wake Mfumu Egbert. Information za munthuyu wopereŵera. Ambiri mwina, izo a achingelezi apamwamba, pamene Tilekeretu kuchita ndi mafumu akale achifumu. Egbert kuzungulira Viking anamvera ndipo anapereka ndime ya asilikali awo mmisonkhano wotsatira.

Tsopano ndi kwa Mercia. Icho chiri apo ndi asilikali anasamukira Ivar ndi Boneless. Mfumu Burgred wa Mercia anayamba mopupuluma kufunafuna thandizo Wessex. Pakali pano, Scandinavia anakakhala pa makoma a Nottingham, kumene anamanga msasa zinawonongeka. Pomaliza asilikali a Ethelred Mfumu ya Wessex anabwera kupulumutsa Army Burgred wa Mercia. Komabe, kugwirizananso, chimodzimodzi monga yapita wina, sakadakhoza kuchita kanthu akunja. The Anglo-Saxon ayesa mphepo msasa Viking, koma kuyesa analephera.

Mwana Ragnara Ivar Boneless nayo njira yake. Mercia wakali indemnity lalikulu kwa Amitundu, ndiyeno iwo anachoka. Panthawi imeneyi, Ivar ntchito bambo ake machenjerero ankakonda - mwamantha. Iye anavomera kukhala mwamtendere, koma mupeze adamfunsa dipo lalikulu. M'chaka cha 869 adzabwezedwa kwa York.

Kugonjetsa Edmund

Pambuyo kupuma yaitali Ivar anapita poyambira pa ulendo wake - East Anglia. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa ufumu wake wolemera mfundo mchitidwe umenewu British. Pa anawazunza munthu Scandinavians anayesa kulanda izo akachisi monga iwo angakhoze kupeza zofunkha (makamaka golide). Ubba (zomwe Ivar kuika pa mutu wa asilikali) wakusankhani ngati cholinga chake agulupa Poterboro. atumiki onse a obisika (kuphatikizapo Abbot) anaphedwa. Pakuti Chimonko Viking zitsulo moyo chimake maulosi m'Baibulo Yeremiya. Ngakhale mu Chipangano Chakale, unaloseredwa kuti alendo kukhetsa mwazi amene anafika kuchokera konsekonse kumpoto adzasenza m'chiwonongeko ndi mkwiyo mu dziko la chikristu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Akatolika amene ankakhala Britain, a Scandinavia monga Mtheradi wokwera zoipa, kapena ataunjikidwa mitu yawo mu mawonekedwe a chilango cha Mulungu chifukwa cha machimo anga akale.

Kuwonetsera mphamvu ya Danes, Ivar anatumiza kwa mfumu Edmund uthenga East Anglia imene anaitanitsa akhale m'manja mwa amitundu chimodzimodzi monga momwe Egbert wa Northumbria. Mfumu anakana. Zinaonekeratu kuti kutsutsa Ivar kutanthauza chilango cha imfa. Komabe, Edmund sanaope ngozi atapachikidwa pa iye. Mwina anazindikira kuti sangathe kugonjetsa Danes, koma akhadikhira kuti zimalepheretsa iwo pamene iye nkhabe tipezekemo thandizo la lankhondo.

Kaya amayenera mfumu, mapulani ake sichinatheke. Edmund anaganiza zogula nthawi povomera kukhala m'manja mwa Ivar, ngati angalandire Chikhristu. Amitundu analibe nawo mwayi. A asilikali ka East Anglia anagonjetsedwa. Edmund anaphedwa. Mfumu iyi inali imodzi mwa ambiri akulemekezedwa oyera British. Malinga ndi nthano, ndi Scandinavia anamveketsa chandamale kwa mibvi, konse chowawa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imfa.

Ulendo ku Ireland

Zimene zinachitika mu East Anglia ndi kuphedwa kwa Edmund ntchito Ivar amakhalanso chinsinsi. Pa dzanja limodzi, malinga amafotokoza nkhani Etelverda viking izi anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa msonkhano. Komabe, olemba mbiri amaona kuti umboni uwu ndi kolakwika. Wachiwiri ndipo ambiri view limati, kukondwerera kupambana pa East Anglia, ndi Scandinavians anagawanika. gulu la nkhondo limodzi anakhalabe Britain ndipo kenako nkhondo Wessex, pamene ena anapita ku Ireland. Izi ndi asilikali chachiwiri ndi kutsogozedwa Ivar ndi Boneless.

Wambiri Viking osiyana unagawanika. Ndipo ngati nkhondo yake British amadziwa ndithu zambiri za yotsatira ulendo mwana Ragnar anakhalabe umboni kuli odalirika. Kusiya asilikali mu England, motsogozedwa ndi mchimwene wake Halfdan, Ivar unalankhula motsutsa okhala zamakolo za Picts la Ireland.

Chilumba kalekale mosavuta kwa Viking dziko. Scandinavians mosavuta analanda pano ng'ombe, chuma ndi akapolo. Ngati England anali mafumu asanu ndi awiri, mafumu a Ireland analamulira ambiri amene katundu ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kukula. kugawikana Ichi ndi chinsinsi anawazunza bwino. Komanso, mbadwa m'dera ankakhala m'dziko achikale. No-chitetezo asilikali sanali Ireland. Komabe, zaka pang'ono anthu wamba ali katswiri alendo manja ndi kuphunzitsa luso labwino asilikali. Ndi mdani zimenezi, ndipo anakumana Ivar. Komabe, umboni mwatsatanetsatane za anakhala ku Ireland anakhalabe.

Ivar nkhondo

M'nthawi ndi ana a Ivar absented kuti berserk. Chotero anaitana kwambiri zachiwawa ndi sanakhudzidwe ndi mabala ndi ululu Viking ankhondo. Zinali zovuta kupeza bwenzi nkhondo. Ine adzabangula amene anadziponya pa mdani, poopseza adani, ngakhale zambiri mantha ouziridwa mbiri yake monga mdani wopanda chifundo. berserkers moyo anali atazunguliridwa ndi chophimba mwachinsinsi. asirikali awa anauzidwa iwo akanakhoza kuchotseratu mitengo, kumeza makala amoto ndipo dissect munthu ndi nkhonya imodzi nkhwangwa lakuthwa.

Mmunda wa nkhondo Ivar anapita pansi pa mbendera ya atate awo Ragnar. Pa nsalu izi akuonetsedwa chizindikiro wamba za Scandinavia - Black khwangwala zovunda. chizindikiro ichi anafunika onse kulimbikitsa mzimu wa comrades wake, ndi kuopseza adani. Army Scandinavia Ivar zambiri anagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "mpanda wa zishango." A njira zofanana wakhala anagawira koma Aroma ndi 'kamba "wotchuka. Ankhondo anamangidwa ku bwalo ndi kuika pamodzi zishango zawo. Chifukwa ndi mpanda wolimba avundulidwe. Zinali nsonga ya ndende, ndi Chotsekereza zozitetezera.

Imfa ndi tsogolo la manda

Malinga ndi magwero akale, Ivar anamwalira m'chaka 873. Zifukwa lake lonyamuka kuchoka pa moyo sitikudziwa. Ngakhale mkulu ankaphedwa Ireland, iye ndithudi m'manda okha kwawo watsopano - mu Northumbria. Tsoka Ivar thupi kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe chinsinsi. Only m'zaka XVII, mlimi m'tauni ya Repton amapunthwa pa manda akale kuti asayansi kenako apeza kuti m'manda a wotchuka Viking.

sagas Scandinavia anasunga nthano chidwi a zotsalira za Ivar. Amitundu ankafuna okuti Northumbria, mu chikhulupiriro kuti manda ake kudzakuthandizani Danes kupambana mitundu yonse ya adani. Pamene England analowa Mfumu Harald, iye kwenikweni anagonjetsedwa ndipo analephera kugonjetsa dziko. Kudziwa za matemberero, amene exudes mulu Ivar, William I, m'chombo ku Britain pakati pa zaka za m'ma XI, choyamba anakumba m'manda. Pambuyo mwambo, Norman anakwanitsa kugonjetsa lonse la England. Zoona kapena nthano - basi kuti n'zosatheka. Komabe, Ivar mwachilungamo ngwazi za nthano zambiri akale. Mbiri ya Denmark amadziwa pang'ono za atsogoleri zodabwitsa ndiponso wathanzi.