HIMARS - angapo Launch roketi system (High sayenda zida zankhondo roketi System): Features

HIMARS - angapo Launch roketi dongosolo, ndi kuzikonzanso kuyenda. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kuukira zida zankhondo m'madera ndende, kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo, magalimoto, mayunitsi thandizo, magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi zinthu zina. HIMARS chachiwiri ntchito ya dongosolo ndi kuthandiza asilikali ake ndipo limatanthauza kuonetsetsa. Tiyeni tione zinthu zina akhoza kudzitama a dongosolo lino, amene akuimira zida zamakono American!

Maziko a THE

chifukwa chachikulu chimene usilikali US akuganiza kupanga zovuta chotero - kufunika mbali zida sitima Corps, Asilikali, ndiponso mmene mofulumira launchers m'manja, zimene zingathe airlifted pafupifupi aliyense malo.

Cha m'ma 80s kampani Loral Vought Systems anayamba kufufuza chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha sikisi barreled TPK (zoyendera ndi Launch chidebe) kukhazikitsa 227 likungosonyeza ndi ogwiritsa pa inamva ndi matayala galimotoyo ake. Program kulenga mkulu-sayenda zida zankhondo dongosolo komanso cholinga pa chiyembekezo cha dongosolo zoyendera mpweya kudzera mwa asilikali C 130 ndege. Opaleshoni Monga Chifukwa, umene unachitikira mu mochedwa 1989 ku Panama, momveka mwamtheradi zikusonyeza kufunika HIMARS chitukuko.

kamangidwe

M'chaka cha 1990 Ankhondo US anayamba zofuna kachitidwe opepuka zotakasika zochokera galimoto galimotoyo. Chiwonetsero cha zinachitika anatenga malo mu September 1994. Chaka chimodzi ndi zida theka US lamulo motsogozedwa adalowa pangano ndi makampani Moto Control and Lockheed Martin mivi msonkhano makina MLRS HIMARS. Mtengo mgwirizano anakwana madola biliyoni 22,3.

Mu mgwirizano, akatswiri kampani limodzi anayi makina experimental nkhondo. Atatu a iwo anaperekedwa kwa makasitomala pa kuyesa zaka ziwiri, pamene wachinayi anakhalabe ku yesero mapulogalamu. M'chilimwe 1998, akatswiri Army America bwinobwino imachitika mayeso kuwombera ATACMS chida pa maziko a zinachitika makina MLRS HIMARS.

kuyenerako mayeso

Akuluakulu mayeso High sayenda zida zankhondo roketi System (dongosolo dzina zonse), wadutsa mu 2003. Ena mwa iwo kuwombera zipolopolo amenewa: unguided roketi M26, MGM-140B mivi ndi MGM-164A zovuta ATACMS, komanso motsogozedwa mivi MLRS dongosolo. Mpaka lero, palibe mfundo zodalirika ngati galimotoyo umodzi kulumikiza ndi TPK calibers zosiyanasiyana. Mu January 2004, makampani opanga zikadzachitika zinachitika chiyesedwe cha makina. Chifukwa, izo anatsimikizira kuti HIMARS - angapo Launch roketi dongosolo lomwe lili wamakhalidwe mwatsatanetsatane nkhondowo ndi makhalidwe ntchito. Pa limodzi la mayesero usilikali ngati kuli kotheka recreate la zamasewero ku nkhondoyi. Iwo anatenga zinachitika pa malo mayeso ntchito zoyendera ndege C 130. Pasanathe mphindi zisanu kenako galimoto anali yotsitsa. Ndiyeno anatenga malo likuomba ndipo analandira mwa digito njira nkhondowo ntchito. chifukwa anali opangidwa ndi ananyoza maphunziro maroketi asanu. Zochita, olowa / mayesero oimira MLRS, Ankhondo ndi Asilikali.

M'chilimwe 2005, HIMARS chida dongosolo anayamba kubwera mu utumiki. Chikhaliro choyamba mu dongosolo ake nkhokwe HIMARS anakhala 27 Field zida zankhondo Regiment 18 Airborne Corps America.

roketi P44

Mu 2000s, ndi kampani Lockheed Martin kuyamba zinachitika wa P44 roketi kuti linapangidwa kuti kukhudzana yeniyeni anasamutsa mipherezero chapatali, mu zikuchokera MLRS ndi HIMARS machitidwe nkhondo. Kuthamanga cholinga chidebe 10 malo mivi. The zinachitika akhoza ntchito mothandizidwa ndi GPS, mu mawonekedwe a wothandiza malangizo inertial, kuwononga mipherezero amodzi ndi homing mutu kwa chokwawa mipherezero. Ngati chachiwiri, chida anali okonzeka ndi mfundo umodzi Mipikisano cholinga mivi JCM.

The zinachitika chinali ndi mutu homing ntchito mwa modes zitatu:

1. Doppler Rada. Mozama mu millimeter osiyanasiyana. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zinthu zonse nyengo. Kukwapula mipherezero avundulidwe.
2. Utakhazikika infuraredi. Kumadziwitsa ndi limatchula mipherezero.
3. Theka-yogwira laser. Limalengeza chandamale ndi kutsata zina.

Lachitsanzo 177 mm anasankhidwa ngati chilimbikitso, chimene chimasiyana ndi mtengo wochepa ndi kuthekera pofuna kukwaniritsa. Mu kapangidwe zinachitika ntchito zikuluzikulu mutu gawo la chombo kapena Kumoto II chokhala mutu gawo, amakhala ndi unit kupanga. M'tsogolo izo zakonzedwa vozmonost kuwonjezeka m'litali ndi unyinji wa roketi lapansi.

Mu March 2007 anauzidwa kuti chida bwinobwino anayesedwa mphepo mumphangayo, ndi lamoto malo amodzi olimbana roketi, ndi ndege kuyezetsa pa akhala akutayirapo dothi White Sands ku New Mexico. Patatha mwezi umodzi, inali kudziŵika kuti gawo lachiwiri la kuyesedwa sanali zochepa bwino. Pa mndandanda wa mayesero komanso zitsanzo P44 roketi anali wotanganidwa kumenyana makina HIMARS, umene maroketi izi apangidwa.

wamakono makina

Kumapeto kwa 2006, kampani Lockheed Martin walemba ndi US Army miliyoni 1.8 mgwirizano kukhalanso ndi zapamwamba magalimoto cockpit nkhondo. Wamakono nkhawa makamaka kusintha chitetezo kwa dalaivala. Malinga ndi mgwirizano, ntchito pa moyo wamakono zinatha palibe pasanafike September 30 2010. Cabs analandira zida zina, amene amateteza zipolopolo, zipolopolo shrapnel ndi migodi.

Mu March 2008, Lockheed Martin analengeza chiyambi-mmwamba kwa anayi woyendetsa motsogozedwa mizinga, amene anali zatsopano chilengedwe dongosolo moto kulamulira. Musanayambe kulemba pangano kwa koyamba kupanga ang'ono-ang'ono, pa Texas ndi Arkansas kampani mafakitale zinamangidwa prototypes asanu ndi mavuto US Army.

Mu zaka za m'ma 2008, pamene kuwombera ndi angapo roketi launchers HIMARS maroketi GMLRS mbiri choikidwacho ndege mtunda - 85 Km. Mu November chaka chotsatira, kampani Lockheed Martin anati kuti chiwerengero mu mayeso omaliza anali ziwonjezeke kwa 92 Km. Information pa ntchito mivi motsogozedwa, si m'zinenero. Pontho si bwino ngati ntchitoyo anatsimikiza salvo kukulozani mizinga, umene aliyense wa iwo kudziwa mulingo wake, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mivi yotereyi zikutanthauza wabwinobwino, osati ananyoza mfuti.

Mu March 2009, pa polygon chomwecho White Sands, anadutsa mayesero, imene akumenyana dongosolo HIMARS anapezerapo makina 2 ankalamulira mivi odana ndi ndege, woitanidwa SLARAAM. Zochita, kunachitika mayesero ntchito nkhondo ndi kusinthidwa ndi njanji msonkhano maroketi mu chidebe. Last redesigned ku zoyendera ndi Launch chidebe ATACMS mivi. Mukamapereka odana ndege zipolopolo ntchito HIMARS dongosolo moto kulamulira, pulogalamu yomwe angapo kuimaliza kukonza. Pamene dongosolo moto ulamuliro adzakhala kuimaliza kukonza, ndipo kudzakhala muli kutumiza kwa SLAMRAAM mizinga, iwo adzapita mu utumiki. Lamulo la US onyamula Mphamvu akukonza kuti kutsogoloku dongosolo makina HIMARS ndi pamwamba ndi mpweya mzinga ntchito mu anagawira maukonde-centric dongosolo mpweya chitetezo.

Ubatizo wa HIMARS moto

Angapo Launch roketi dongosolo, zomwe ife tiganizire lero, anakwanitsa pochitika ubatizo wa moto "Opaleshoni aku Iraq Ufulu". nkhondowo ntchito yake yotsiriza zinachitika pa February 14, 2010. Pa NATO antiterrorist ntchito m'tauni Afghanstan wa Marjah, 2 HIMARS dongosolo chida apatuka pa chandamale ndi kumenyana nyumba wamba, kupha anthu wamba 12.

ziyembekezo

Mu January 2011, kampani Lockheed Martin anali kupereka mgwirizano kumanga 44 HIMARS kachitidwe, mtengo okwana zomwe zinkasonyeza pansi $ 140 miliyoni. Akamaliza a dongosolo ili, mu 2013, chiwerengero cha nkhondowo ndege mu utumiki ndi US onyamula Mphamvu, anali 375. Mu 2015, chiwerengero chinawonjezeka ndi magazini 480. Makina okonzeka ndi launchers angapo roketi, aziwapatsa osati US koma asilikali ndi ogwirizana ake - United Arab Emirates, Singapore ndi Jordan.

Zofunika HIMARS dongosolo

Angapo Launch roketi dongosolo zikuphatikizapo:

1. Kulimbana galimoto M142 chitsanzo.
2. Transport ndi potsegula galimoto.
3. Mivi (motsogozedwa ndi unguided).
4. Njira ulamuliro moto.

makina

Kulimbana galimoto ndi Baibulo akweza wa 5 matani galimoto Stewart & Stevenson 6x6. Dizilo, 6.6-lita, 6 yamphamvu Komatsu chopangira mphamvu injini akufotokozera 290 ndiyamphamvu. Thanki mafuta ali buku la 56 malita. Ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana ndi 480 Km. injini ntchito mu tandem ndi zodziwikiratu (mulibe kuganiza ndi zodziwikiratu) gearbox ranges zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuyimitsidwa ali ndi mawonekedwe parabolic ndi tsamba akasupe. Galimoto chilolezo ndi 564 mm. The galimoto akhoza kukathyola madzi kumulepheretsa akuya mamilimita 900. Adalira Amakhala ndi anthu atatu: dalaivala, gunner ndi wolamulira. Mu kwambiri zinthu, ntchito lingathe ndi munthu mmodzi.

rocketry

Atayima phukusi atsogoleri rocketry alibe. Ngati kalozera ntchito yovomerezeka disposable TPK MLRS dongosolo ndi makina. HIMARS Launcher akhoza moto aliyense wa motsogozedwa ndi unguided mivi MLRS dongosolo, komanso chitsanzo cha mzinga MGM-MGM 140 ndi 164 ATACMS zovuta. Pamene otsiriza mwatsatanetsatane chida Launch, kuwombera zoyendera ndi Launch chidebe m'malo ndi mlandu. Nawuza ndi kusindikiza TPK chikuchitika mu fakitale. Standard TPK akulemera pang'ono matani oposa awiri ndi machubu 6 anapangidwa ulusi galasi, amene amakondana khola zotayidwa. Pakuti yopatsa ndi projectile pamene kuwombera ndi kasinthasintha liwiro 10-12 rpm, mkati namulondola ndi helical Polozkov. Mwatsatanetsatane zida ndi anapezerapo mwachindunji ku chidebe disposable. Chonchi TPK chida zikhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 10, kukhalabe nkhondowo ake okonzeka.

Recharging ndi moto ulamuliro

limagwirira A mlandu kuwombola (TZM) lakonzedwa ngati kutsetsereka kutonthoza okonzeka winch magetsi. Limagwirira akhoza kusamalira onse zashuga ndi kudzera kutonthoza akumidzi. Chimake chachiwiri makamaka oyenera, kuyambira momveka osiyana. Mlandu WPK mu mwini PZM, iwowa aikidwa mu malo yopingasa, ndi mkono wake anawonjezera. Ndi chidebe Kireni kukwezedwa ndi kudzakhala mu malo. winch yaikidwa ku likulu la kufunika kwa chidebe.

Dongosolo moto ulamuliro, komanso ngati zamagetsi gawo ndi chipangizo kulankhula kumachitidwa mwanjira yomweyo monga akulu BM MLRS. Komabe, kwa tsiku, Kutacha Baibulo modernized galimoto, mphamvu ya kutali omwe bwino polumikizira. mawu muli amatanthauza polumikizira ntchito ndi nyengo.

Transport ndi potsegula galimoto

Monga zoyendera ndi potsegula galimoto, ndi galimoto ndi Crane adakwera ndi ngolo. Monga makina nkhondo, ali 6x6. Kukweza ndi slewing Kireni lili kumbuyo kwa galimoto. Ndi icho, woyendetsa amanyamula overcharging muli zoyendera Launch. Ngolo anafunika kunyamula TPK zina.

Kulimbana makina akhoza kusamutsidwa mu zoyendera ndege C 130 "Hercules". Pambuyo katundu kwa icho, iye ali wokonzeka zonse kwa mphindi zosapitirira 10. Roketi HIMARS kalasi njira ndi mafoni kwambiri, kotero mzere wa ntchito, iye mwamsanga masamba yowotcha mzere. Panopa anayamba zosinthika ya unsembe gawo HIMARS machitidwe zida zankhondo kwa kusinthidwa galimoto galimotoyo onyamula mphamvu matani 7.

Wina pang'ono mbali chidwi:

1. Machine miyeso: kutalika - 6949, m'lifupi - 2400, kutalika - 3180 mm.
2. Kulemera kumenyana makina popanda zipolopolo: makilogalamu 13696. Ndi zipolopolo - za 16,000 kg. The galimotoyo akulemera 8273, ndi gawo ndi chidebe - 2915 kg.
3. Liwiro mlandu magalimoto - 89 km / h. Popanda zida mathamangidwe ndi wamkulu kuposa 5 km / h.
4. The kupatuka pazipita amene Angakugonjetseni makina - madigiri 60.
5. Cham'mbali ngodya ya moto - 280 madigiri.

analogues Russian

Mobile roketi zida zankhondo kumeneko ndi ku Russia. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi banja la MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho". Pali mitundu iwiri - "Grad" ndi "Smerch". N'zotsimikizira "Grad" dongosolo ndi 122 mm. Amakhala ndi modernized nkhondowo galimoto, dongosolo makina kulamulira projectiles unguided. Izi ndi kulankhula, Baibulo wamng'ono wa "mphepo yamkuntho".

MLRS "Smerch" Kuli ngati dongosolo US HIMARS. zipolopolo kukula ndi kale 300 mm, ndi pazipita osiyanasiyana - 130 Km. "Twister" akuyamba mivi unguided kukonzedwa. M'tsogolo, amalola n'zotheka kuonjezera ndege osiyanasiyana mu "mphepo yamkuntho". MLRS "Smerch" amagwiritsidwanso wapangidwa galimoto modernized ndi dongosolo basi malangizo.