Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: dera, mbendera, odula manja, mbiri

Byelorussian - ndi Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, mmodzi wa 16 mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR. Utatha wa Soviet Union, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic anakhala BSSR Belarus. likulu mzinda wa Minsk, m'modzi wa yaikulu komanso kuli anthu ambiri mizinda Soviet Union. Komanso, mu BSSR ndi m'pofunika kusankha m'madera 6, 117 okhala kumadera akumidzi, mizinda 98 ndi midzi m'tawuni 111.

Kwa nthawi yaitali analipo wotchedwa Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. mbendera unaperekedwa kwa njira zosiyanasiyana mbiri yake. mungachite izi anapereka nkhaniyi.

N'zochititsa chidwi pamene panali Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, chovala manja anali pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

Mbiri ya maphunziro

Pakati pa mayiko monga Poland, ndi Chilituyaniya SSR, Chilativiya SSR, ndi RSFSR, ndi Chiyukireniya SSR, ndi Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo zisinthe. gawo izo zinkayenera pafupifupi 207 600 Km ^2. Poyamba a RSFSR ndi Byelorussian SSR anakhala ndi mabwalo wodzilamulira mu zaka ziwiri zokha. Mwamsanga pambuyo kulekana kwa Byelorussian SSR ogwirizana ndi Chilituyaniya Republic Soviet ndipo anapanga Chilituyaniya-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, kapena, monga iwo ukutchedwa, SSR LitBel, koma chaka chimodzi chokha ndi theka. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic mu 1919 analidi mbali ya dziko zikuluzikulu. Chilituyaniya-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic inkakhala awiri. Moscow-Litovsk Pangano, limene lalembedwa pa July 12, 1920, anali malodza wa kugwa kwa USSR LitBel. Ndipo pa July 31 Chilituyaniya-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic kwathunthu wosweka. Choncho, Byelorussian SSR analengedwa mu 1919 ndipo anakhala mbali ya mgwirizano wokulirapo, pambuyo, kuchokera 1920 mpaka 1991, izo zinakhala mu udindo m'mbuyomo ndipo anakhala boma palokha.

makhalidwe zachuma

Mu 1980, biliyoni 4.3 rubles kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale ulimi ndi zomangamanga wakhala padera mu SSR Byelorussian. Nthambi ambiri anayamba malonda boma angatchedwe mankhwala, petrochemical ndi chakudya mafakitale. kwafalikira chuma (1940 ndi 1980) zinachitikadi likuvutika ndalama katundu likulu ndi ntchito ya anthu Chibelarusi. Anthu amene ankakhala m'dziko la nkhondo itatha, anamanganso mzinda, zomwe zambiri tinganene kuti zamangidwa kuchokera zikande, bungwe ndi kupanga ndi m'zigawo za mchere. Momwe 29 khola kuwonjezeka mu buku la ulimi mu zaka 40 chabe. Mafuta BSSR ndi Republic of Belarus wapereka ndi anaonetsetsa ndi nkhokwe zambiri za gasi, mafuta, malasha ndi peat. Olemera miyala ya mchere komanso yapangidwa ndi okonzeka ndi ndalama thandizo Soviet. Kutalika kwa njanji mu BSSR anali kulankhula ngati 5513 kukafika kwa 1982, ndipo galimoto msewu - 36 700 Km.

anthu

Byelorussian SSR anali mmodzi wa kuli anthu ambiri m'madera a Soviet Union, mu 1984 anthu kachulukidwe anali anthu 47,6 pa 1 Km ^2. Yunifolomu kuthetsa Republic ndi chifukwa ndi ofanana zinthu zachilengedwe mu madera ake. Komabe, anthu ambiri likulu la dziko chinali malo akhoza zimachitika mizinda apa chachikulu, kuphatikizapo Minsk. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1950 mpaka 1970, a m'tawuni ikukula mofulumira poyerekezera kwa USSR.

Byelorussian Nature

Republic ndi pa East European Plain, agwilitse pakati pa Dnieper beseni ndi kumadzulo Dvina ndi Neman ku malire ake chapamwamba. Osakhala mtundu wa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Komabe, m'dera amakhala ndi kusinthana kwa mapiri ndi otsika, omwe amayika pfunde zambiri, kuwonjezera, ambiri nyanja ili pa dera la BSSR. Quaternary glaciation zimapangitsa Mbali imeneyi ya mpumulo. Pa mbali kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa bomalo ndi dongosolo lonse la zitunda osachiritsika moraine. Mu kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi zitunda.

mpumulo

Mu malangizo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa ku Belorussia kale akutambasula Chibelarusi lokwera, wopangidwa mwa magawo osiyana, okwera kupangidwa mu Moscow glaciation. Kufanana kwa izo ndi periglacial zigwa. Chibelarusi Polesie, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa boma, otchedwa choncho wapadera wa kumveka. Hills ndi zitunda komanso zinthu kum'mwera, pafupi Chibelarusi Polesie.

nyengo

BSSR anali mu zone kotentha, kumene ndizoonekeratu kuti nyengo kotentha. January kutentha - za -4 ° C, koma chifukwa cha kutalika ndi lalikulu kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, mtengo uwu zingasiyane. pafupifupi July kutentha - 17 ° C, koma pachifukwa chomwechi, phindu sangakhale olondola mwamtheradi m'madera onse a dziko. Nyengo chokhala, kutanthauza kuti mvula ndi pang'ono - 550-700 mm.

mtsinje

The Byelorussian SSR anali ambiri mitsinje, ang'ono ndi lalikulu mu mtunda. Utali okwana ankaona kufunika 90 600 Km. Iwo onse a Atlantic beseni mosonyeza Black ndi Baltic Pacific. Ena mitsinje ntchito zoyendera. BSSR anali wolemera kwambiri mu nkhalango, yomwe zatenga 1/3 gawo zomera, zithaphwi ndi zitsamba ili m'malire a 1/10.

m'gawo Belorussia sanali m'mphepete mwa mbale East European, motero ntchito seismological sakanakhoza kukhala amphamvu, chivomezi champhamvu kwambiri ndi zosakwana mfundo 5.

Wa BSSR Zachilengedwe

Mchere wofunika kwambiri, umene tsopano ili m'malire a Belarus lalikulu zedi, angatchedwe gasi, mafuta, malasha ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana.

Mafuta ndi gasi wolemera kwambiri dera la kumpoto kwa Pripyat ufa. Chinthu chapadera cha madipoziti mafuta - ndi chachikulu, ndi malo a zigawo zawo. gasi palibe lalikulu zedi, choncho amatuluka panthawi yofanana.

Brown khala ndi shale

Komanso nkhokwe yaikulu bulauni malasha anali anapeza dera la SSR Byelorussian. Peat ukufanizidwa ndi 39 mitundu. Iye ni mmodzi wa utsi waukulu ku Belarus. Ochuluka monga 7,000 malasha, amene okwana m'dera pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2.5 mahekitala, sitingapeze ntchito. Total peat - matani 1.1 biliyoni amadwala, alidi nkhokwe wolemera.

Komanso, BSSR anayamba kuchotsa mafuta shale, amene anakonza monga Akatswiriwa kunena, pa akuya 600 m. Nkhokwe yaikulu shale monga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mafuta.

salt

Potaziyamu ndi thanthwe mchere ndi migodi ndi mankhwala feedstock. Mphamvu Mjitchi -. 1-40 mamita Iwo zidzachitika mu miyala carbonate-dongo. M'matangadza potashi mldr ali pafupi 7,8 m. Iwo anali yotengedwa zosiyanasiyana, monga Starobinsk ndi Petrikovsk. Stone mchere ankaimira mldr 20 m, pogona pa akuya mamita mpaka 750. Tingafinye iwo minda monga Davydov ndi Mozyr. Komanso, BSSR anali wolemera phosphorite.

kumanga miyala

Dera la Belarus ali ndi chuma ntchito yomanga ndi akukumana nkhokwe mwala, choko, dongo ndi nyumba mchenga. M'matangadza kumanga mwala - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 457 kiyubiki mamita ^3, akukumana - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 4.6 kiyubiki mamita ^3. Ambiri wolemera kumanga mwala m'madera kum'mwera kwa Belarus. Dolomites, Komano, kubwera pamwamba kumpoto. nkhokwe zawo - miliyoni 437,8 matani BSSR anali wolemera ndipo chalky miyala, ndi nkhokwe zomwe lero mlandu biliyoni 3,679 matani zosiyanasiyana clays awa akuimira pa dera la Belarus mu nkhokwe ya 587 miliyoni mamita ^3, iwo zili makamaka Minsk, Grodno .. , Gomel ndi Vitebsk zigawo.

Development chuma mchere

Pa dera la Byelorussian SSR, monga zanenedwa, ife zikukangalika ncho chuma mchere. chitukuko anayamba zaka 30 000 zapitazo pa mochedwa Paleolithic. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anthu amene ankakhala m'dera limeneli, ncho mwala kuchokera pansi. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni 4.5 zaka zapitazo zinali kale nsomba kremnedobyvayuschy. Tidapeza ambiri mabomba amene ntchito kumbuyo mu nthawi Cretaceous. mozama awo si mamita oposa 6, koma anapatsidwa nthawi ya asayembekezere, zikhoza kapadera kuti yopanga mwala anali kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'madera amenewa. Panalinso waika angapo migodi, chikugwirizana ndi kusintha, kawirikawiri mpaka 5.

chitukuko cha ulimi

M'migodi wakale masingano anapezeka, amene ankafuna kuti matumba zofunika kusoka kunyamula mchere ncho. Kukonzedwa chuma pafupi kuchoka pa. Mwala ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga nkhwangwa. Kale mu zana lachisanu BC anayamba migodi zitsulo, limene anthu amene anali kukhala m'dera la Belarus, kulenga zinthu kwa moyo ndi zida. Komanso, dongo anapangidwa mbale zosowa zosiyana. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 16 anayamba kuoneka glassware, ndi 18 anaonekera woyamba m'dera la kupanga.

m'zigawo za peat

Peat m'zigawo mu Byelorussian SSR anakhala wodziimira nthambi ya makampani. Mabuku ambiri chikukwera chifukwa ntchito chinawonjezeka. Zikuoneka makampani peat kuti leveraged gawo. Koma pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World pafupifupi onse a iwo anawonongedwa. Only mu 1949 voliyumu ya yotengedwa peat anafika mfundo m'mbuyomu.

salt m'zigawo

Monga tanenera kale, potashi ndi thanthwe mchere pa dera la Belarus ndi ambiri. Koma mu 1961 anayamba migodi awo yogwira. Ntchito mobisa njira madipoziti migodi. The olemera iwo - Starobin. The mechanization ambiri a m'zigawo unachititsa kuti kuwonjezereka buku la mchere ndi 60% mu chaka cha 1965 ndi 98% mu 1980.

subsoil chitetezo

The Byelorussian SSR mwachangu ncho mchere, n'zosavuta ndikuganiza kuti kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. madera akuluakulu akhala akumenya mwamphamvu. Choncho kukasangalala inachitika umalimbana patsogolo chuma mchere ndi kubwezeretsa chuma, monga fetereza nthaka, ndi mitengo kubzala.

akatswiri maphunziro mafakitale gawo

Belorussia Polytechnic Institute, anapanga kumbuyo mu Byelorussian SSR, amakonzekera ndodo ntchito makampani migodi. Idamangidwa pa Minsk mu 1933. Kale mu 1969 panali ambiri momwe 12 m'madipatimenti. Palinso mabungwe ena maphunziro. sukulu luso tsopano kupereka maphunziro pa zomwe madipoziti peat, mobisa processing wa ores ndi mchere sanali zachitsulo ndi mafakitale ena.

m'bwalomo atasemphana

Mu 1920, Byelorussian SSR, munthu anganene, unali likulu otsutsa bourgeois Europe ndi USSR. chipani otsiriza kusunga mphamvu Poland, zofuna za Union a Soviet umaimiridwa ndi nthumwi za RSFSR lapansi. Anagwirizana osati mokomera SSR Byelorussian. Lamulo sapereka kuthekera kuwonjezera Belarus likuvutika Poland.

Socialists Byelorussian anali wosasangalala ndi malo malire ndi anansi ake, ndicho ndi RSFSR ndi Poland. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kukhala ndi malire pa mizere ethnographic. Umodzi sanali pa dera la mavuto.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa WWII BSSR ndi USSR zowawa kuposa zina la Soviet Union. Mu Byelorussian SSR, akupha anthu oposa 2 miliyoni, ndipo dziko anali zimagulitsidwa pa 380 zikwi. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene ankakhala nkhondo isanayambe, kunali basi zimatheka ndi 1971. The Nazi ankhondowo anawononga mizinda 209 ndi midzi, ambiri amene anali kuumanganso, 2.8 miliyoni okha mamita lalikulu la nyumba anapulumuka kuchokera pafupifupi 10,8.

Ufulu ndi chidwi mfundo

Mu 1990 iye anasaina Declaration wa State ufumu wa Byelorussian SSR, amene ankatanthauza kulekana naye pafupi. September 19, 1991 inali mwalamulo kudziwika monga Republic of Belarus. Mu chaka chomwecho izo analengedwa ndi anasaina mgwirizano pa kulengedwa kwa CIS. Kugwirizana zikuphatikizapo Russian Federation, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Choona chidwi m'mbiri ya boma angatchedwe kuti anthu ambiri zaka 46 wa Republic izi, komanso Chiyukireniya Soviet Socialist Republic, anali mmodzi wa mamembala a UN (United Nations), ngakhale unakhalabe amadalira boma - Byelorussian. Mu zaka 1920-1930 wa chitukuko cha lamulo ladziko zinkachitika pa dziko.