Great Britain: photos, mbiri, mbendera, maholide, mzinda ndi dziko, anthu aakulu, nkhondo kwambiri pa mbiri ya Britain

Great Britain - ndi Russian Baibulo la dzina la United Ufumu. dziko lili pa zilumba ziwiri, ngakhale amauza chachiwiri ndi Ireland. zilumba ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kumtunda European.

State zamakono

Great Britain, zithunzi zimene zili m'nkhani ino, ali mmodzi wa mayiko waukulu mu Europe. Iwo ali mpando zokhalitsa Bungwe la UN Security amatanthauza mphamvu nyukiliya.

Chikukhudza lamakono wa maiko anayi, ngakhale pali chipangizo unitary. Capital - mzinda wa London, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa malo waukulu wa malonda dziko ndi zachuma. Anazindikira monga chinenero English, koma anthu amalankhula enanso ambirimbiri.

nkhani

Anthu a mtundu zamakono za chilumba anayamba zaka 30 zikwi zapitazo. Mwambo mu mafunde. Iwo ankakhala makamaka Britain ndi Gaels, amene anali wa chikhalidwe cha Aselote.

Kuchokera BC atumwi Rome anayamba kugonjetsa dziko, amene analamulira kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi za zaka 400. Pa nthawi yomweyo nkhondo ya atsamunda German Achisaxon. Ndi kuloŵerera awo pang'onopang'ono Aselote ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ufumu wa England. Part wa Britain anakakhala zimene tsopano ndi Wales. Gaels analengedwa ndi ufumu Picts Scotland.

Mu 1066 anayamba Norman nkhondo ya England. Ndinatuluka French feudalism ndi chikhalidwe. Ngakhale pa nthawi anthu Norman-French anaphatikizana ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi. England anagwira Wales ndi Scotland amayesa kugwila. England nawonso analowerera nkhondo kuti zotsatira za m'mayiko kwambiri wa France. Iwo anabweretsa zaka mazana 'nkhondo.

Mu Middle Ages Wales kwathunthu anagwirizana England ndi Ireland anali naye mgwirizano. Mu ufumu wa kuchuluka kwa mfundo za Katolika, ndi chifukwa kuti Church of England ndi mfumu pa mutu unapangidwa.

Pamene Yakobo mgwirizano Choyamba unakhazikitsidwa pakati England, Scotland, Ireland. Mayiko kukhala osiyana gulu landale. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zina Glorious utasintha (1688), ndi Great Britain anakhala mafumu malamulo.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 m'chigawo cha mafakitale, amene anali ndi ubwino kukula kwa ufumu. Unyinji chitukuko cha madera a, makamaka North America ndipo kenako ku Asia, Africa ndi Pacific Islands.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 Ufumuwo unali waukulu mphamvu zachuma ndi panyanja mu dziko. Mpaka cha m'ma 20.

Mu First World nkhondo, Ufumu wothandizana naye la Russia ndi France. Pa Western Front kumenyana ankhondowo German za 5 miliyoni okhala pachilumbachi. Pambuyo mchigonjetso nkhondo Ufumu madera kale German ndipo Ottoman. Izi zinathandiza kuti ufumu kukula n'kufika lake lalikulu. Anabisa mphamvu yake limodzi mwa magawo asanu a dziko. Koma ndi 1921 chilumba cha Ireland kwenikweni anagawa pawiri - Free Ireland ndipo Northern Ireland.

Pakuti zotere zambiri anachititsa Wamkulu chuma cha 1929-1932 a. Pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ufumu zinthu ngati wothandizana naye kwa France, Russia, United States. polimbana Germany wakhala lolunjika pa nkhondo awiri - la Britain, Atlantic. chigonjetso anabweretsa UK nawo nsoka wa dziko lonse itatha, komanso zovuta ndalama. Amuthandize ndi US ndi ngongole Canada. Anayamba kubwezeretsa ndipo pofuna kukwaniritsa boma.

History of mbendera

Asanakhale mofanana lero, mbendera ya Great Britain wabwera kutali kusinthika. chizindikiro ichi cha mphamvu ya boma zodziwika mdziko lonse, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zovala kamangidwe, zomangamanga ndi luso. Mwalamulo, izo limatchedwa "Yunion Dzhek" kutanthauza "wamphumphu."

Chiwembu limakupatsani kuwona momwe zonse kusinthika kuchokera 1603, pamene Yakobo anafika zopangira choyamba. Poyamba, Mulungu anamugwiritsa ntchito yapamadzi, kotero dzina "Jack", amene ankatanthauza uta mbendera pa chombo.

Mbendera tichipeza zigawo izi:

• St. Andrew Mbendera - buluu maziko, woyera saltire;
• Flag wa St George - woyera maziko, ndi mtanda wofiira;
• Mtanda wa St. Patrick - woyera maziko, wofiira saltire.

The "Yunion Dzhek" susonyeza ikuimira Wales, nchifukwa chake nthawi pali mikangano mkati Ufumu Union.

Ku mitanda sanali kutenga malo lalikulu pa gulu, iwo anathaŵa pakati pa mbali zonse. Sansao "Yunion Dzhek" asymmetric. Kuwayika iwo mozondoka popanda chifukwa amaona mwano. njira zimenezi amaloledwa kuti akafuna.

Nkhondo mu dziko

Mbiri ya boma m'gawo lake ndi nkhondo zochepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa ena zisumbu Ulaya.

Wamkulu Nkhondo ya Britain:

• chigonjetso William I (Normandy) wa Harold (achingelezi asilikali) a Hastings 14/10/1066 mzinda anatsegula njira ya Norman Kugonjetsedwa;
• Nkhondo ya Bosworth mu 1485 pafupi pakati pa asilikali a Genriha Tyudora ndi Richard III (nkhondo ya Maluwa kuchokera 1455 ndi 1485, kugwirizana ndi lamanja la motsatizana);
• polimbana ndi Spanish "sitima" mu English Channel (July 1588) inatha chifukwa cha luso la Francis Drake a chigonjetso mu England, omwe anakhala mbuye wa kunyanja;
• Nkhondo ya Marston Moore m'chilimwe cha 1644, pamene asilikali a Oliver Cromwell anagonjetsa mphamvu ya Charles Woyamba;
• Nkhondo ya Britain (July-October 1940) ndi dziko lalikulu mpweya nkhondo, zomwe zinachititsa Wehrmacht anataya oyendetsa 3,000, ndi oyendetsa Royal Air Force mu 1800 ndiponso anthu wamba oposa 20,000 mu chisumbu;
• Nkhondo ya Atlantic (. September 1939-June 1944) imatengedwa nkhondo kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe kudalira chakudya pachilumba ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zida kuti anagwirizana mphamvu; kugonjetsa mphamvu German anatembenukira kwa mayiko anagwirizana imfa ya oyendetsa zikwi 50.

Nkhondo kwambiri pa mbiri ya Britain, sanali sachoka m'dera la chilumbachi. Yaikulu ya iwo zinachitika pa madzi ndi mu mlengalenga.

Nkhondo mu zofuna za ufumu

Atakhala mtundu wamphamvu dziko, Great Britain anathamangitsa ndondomeko atsamunda. Pofuna kusunga kulamulira madera ambiri ndipo anali kugwiritsa ntchito asilikali aganyu, chochuluka amene anali Asilikali achiroma yachilendo. Sinthani iwo asilikali a ku Britain.

Nkhondo ankawalamulira:

• 1781 - asilikali British ndikupereka pa Yorktown mokomera mdani Franco-American anaganiza zotsatira za Chiwukirano nkhondo American.
• 1842 zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika zoopsa kwa UK, kumene pafupifupi wopanda nkhondo anawonongedwa Elphinstone kumuwombera, anamasulidwa akazi ndi ana (16 zikwi anthu) Kabul, kumene munthu mmodzi amene anapulumuka.
• 1858 - kuzinga n'kuulanda Delhi asilikali British ndi anzawo chifukwa cha yimitsira wa Sepoy Anakana.
• 1860 - ndi zoopsa kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Chinese ku Anglo-French asilikali Choyamba Opium nkhondo, zimene zinachititsa kuti mapangano ndi Beijing.

asilikali UK achita nawo nthawi ya zaka mazana nkhondo, ndi Woyamba ndi Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Chifukwa cha mikangano zimenezi zinachitika ambiri nkhondo wotchuka pa mtunda ndi pa madzi ndi mu mlengalenga.

Mayiko mu Commonwealth

United Kingdom, ngakhale kuti boma unitary, lapangidwabe zingapo amatha mayunitsi kudzikonda zili.

Mayiko Great Britain:

• England;
• Wales;
• Scotland;
• Northern Ireland.

Komanso, pali otchedwa Commonwealth of Nations, womwenso limati oposa 50. Kuwonjezera pa UK zikuphatikizapo ulamuliro wake wakale, protectorates ndi madera. Yaikulu ya iwo ali Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan ndi ena.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri

Kumene, lalikulu ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma, ndale, chuma, chikhalidwe dongosolo ndi London. Kuwonjezera iye, pali mizinda ina lalikulu la Britain:

• Birmingham;
• Liverpool;
• Manchester;
• Glasgow;
• Cardiff;
• Edinburgh;
• Belfast.

ojambula zithunzi Great

Anthu lalikulu la Britain mu dera chikhalidwe amadziwika akutali chisumbu:

• Agata Kristi - wolemba, wolemba wa Apolisiwo;
• Dzhoan Rouling - wolemba;
• Sir Shon Konneri - wosewera;
• Dzhon Lennon - woimba;
• Uilyam Shekspir - wolemba masewero wina;
• Dzheyn Ostin - wolemba;
• Viven Vestvud - Mlengi;
• Sir Pol Makkartni - woimba ndi womenyera ufulu;
• Gerbert Uels - wolemba;
• Dzho Koker - woyimba.

Izi si mndandanda wa oimira United Kingdom, amene anagonjetsa dziko ndi zilandiridwenso.

Great Mafumu a ufumu

Pa kuli boma la mafumu otchuka kwambiri England anali:

• William Mgonjetsi;
• Richard ndi Lionheart;
• Henry the Eighth;
• Elizabeth Ine;
• Victoria;
• George chimodzi;
• Elizabeth II.

Great Britain anawonjezera ulamuliro wake pa dziko. The Commonwealth ano of Nations akadali amazindikira Korolevoy wake Elizavetu II.

Banja akulamulira wa Ufumu

Modern mfumu ndi nthumwi ya Windsor mafumu. Ndi Elizabeth II anayamba kulamulira mu 1952. Iye ali ndi ana atatu, wamkazi, adzukulu asanu ndi atatu ndi zisanu zidzukulutudzi.

History of the Great Britain kuti m'nthawi ambiri ndi zodabwitsa popanda banja lachifumu. Mfumukazi yekha ngati chizindikiro cha boma.

mfundo zazikulu Ufumu

boma akhala anakhala mafumu aphungu. mphamvu Royal okha ku Nyumba yamalamulo bicameral. Ambiri mwa mphamvu sikuli kwa banja lachifumu, ndipo mutu wa (nduna yaikulu) boma.

Great Britain, zithunzi za amene anapereka mu nkhaniyi, mu mbiri yake, wakula mpaka kwambiri andale odziwika. Oimira otchuka a boma:

• Winston Churchill;
• Margaret Thatcher;
• David Cameron;
• Uilyam Uilberfors;
• Toni Bler;
• Ketrin Esitoni;
• Oliver Cromwell;
• William Gladson;
• Neville Chamberlain;
• Benjamin Disraeli.

Maholide Great Britain

List maholide yaikulu komanso zikondwerero mwa chaka:

January 1 - Hava Chaka Chatsopano (tsiku kutali). Pompously chikondwerero zambiri Scotland kuposa mu England ndi Wales. Pali miyambo ya alendo woyamba, umene uli bwino nyumba pambuyo 24,00 adabwera mnyamata tsitsi mdima. Pachikhalidwe kupereka mkate, uzitsine mchere, malasha, zimene chizindikiro chakudya mosangalala, chikondi. Mu Scotland, kwa tebulo chikondwerero anaganiza kuphika haggis wotchuka.

January 12 - chikondwerero cha Acelt chikhalidwe. Iye akudutsa mu Glasgow, anakhala masiku 19. Akuchita ojambula zithunzi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

January 25 - Tsiku la Robert Burns. holide National ku Scotland, kumene anabadwira wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka. Khalani ndi holide ngati chakudya sewero wapadera. Pa mawu a ndakatulo phokoso, nyimbo. Zovala afika zovala ndi kuvina onse kuvina wowerengeka.

27 January - mu Scotland kukondwerera holide Aphellio, amene akuimira ankafika Viking pa gombe British m'zaka za m'ma 9. Pangani chitsanzo cha ngalawa Viking, onse kubvala zovala zakale ndi mozemba mu mzindawo kwa ngalawa nyanja. Viking bwato pa madzi yopsereza, akuponya mu miyuni 900.

March 1 - Tsiku St Davide. Chochitika zikuchitika Wales mu mawonekedwe a chikondwerero chikhalidwe ndiponso dziko lawo.
Pa March 17 - Tsiku Irish Chikondwerero St. Patrick, amene chikuchitika mu perete zovala, limodzi ndi magulu mkuwa. Pa tsiku ili, chirichonse chiri chobiriwira, kuphatikizapo mowa, ndi zovala.

April 14 - pachaka London mpikisano Zamaluwa, zomwe ndi mbali ya chikondi ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa msewu ndi zisudzo.

April 21 - kubadwa kwa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.

May 1 - chikondwerero cha kachasu ku United Kingdom.

May 4 - Mey Dey, zikondwerero ndi akuguba msewu.

May 25 - Spring Tsiku mu UK (a holide fuko). Pa tsiku ili, misewu onse ataphimbidwa ndi maluwa unachitika akuguba costumed.

June 1 - ndime Wimbledon tenesi.

October 31 - Halloween.

25 December - Khirisimasi.

December 26 - nkhonya Tsiku. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa St. Stephen. Mu mipingo pa nthawi imeneyo iwo anasindikizidwa mabokosi ndi zopereka, ndi m'nyumba za atumiki kupita kunyumba kwa chakudya ndi banja lake.

Pali maholide ambiri amene alibe masiku lokhazikika. Lachisanu Woyera ndi tchuthi pagulu - ndi Lachisanu pamaso Isitala Sande. Pamakhala Katolika Isitala.

maholide UK n'zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya chilumbachi. Iwo amakulolani wofufuza chikhalidwe British, kuphunzira nawo mbali zachilendo.