Hydrostatic Galileo mamba. Galileo Galilei: yochepa yonena

Galileo Galilei - Italy wasayansi, ndi philologist, makaniko, wotsutsa, ndakatulo, zakuthambo ndi sayansi. Iye anali ndi chikoka kwambiri pa chitukuko cha sayansi nthawi yake. Maziko a akudziwa maganizo mwaukali nkhondo ndi Zochita ankaonetsetsa. Tsopano amadziwika kuti zimene anachita zonse: Galilei anatulukira mamba hydrostatic, thermoscope ndi changwiro cha zakutali. Wasayansi ndi woyambitsa wa sayansi experimental. M'nkhaniyi, ife angakuuzeni za moyo ndi zoyambitsidwa za Galileo. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Galileo Galilei, kanthawi yonena umene anapereka m'munsimu, anabadwa mu Pisa (Italy) mu 1564. atate wake ntchito woimba ndi masamu, wasankha mwana wa zachipatala. Pambuyo mnyamata sukulu kunyumba, iye kumatanthauza izo mu University of Pisa luso of Medicine. Koma seventini Galileya sizinali chidwi. Iye anasiya yunivesite ndipo anapita Florence, komwe anayamba kuphunzira ntchito za Archimedes ndi Euclid. bambo Galileo ndi kupereka zopempha mwana anautembenuzira mphamvu aumunthu.

Mu ubwana Galileo ankakonda angagwiritse zidole makina ndi zitsanzo alipo ngalawa, mphero, makina. Kamwana Galileo Viviani, analemba nkhani yonena za wasayansi ndinatchula kale unyamata wake, Galileo anali chidwi kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa khalidwe limeneli iye anali wokhoza kuti apange anapeza zofunika: powona ku Pisa Cathedral anatenga chandeliers, mnyamata adadza ndi lamulo la isochronism wa oscillations pendulum (ufulu wa kupatuka nyengo oscillation). Akatswiri ambiri kusagwirizana ndi Viviani ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti kupezeka sikuli ku Galileya. Koma amadziwika kuti Galileo mobwerezabwereza kufufuzidwa lamulo empirically. Iye anagwiritsanso ntchito kwa kutalika winawake wa nthawi. kuyesera anali zinalandira mokondwera ndi madokotala.

Galileo hydrostatic mamba

Mu 1586, wasayansi wamng'ono lofalitsidwa woyamba ntchito za sayansi ndi chikhalidwe othandiza. Galileo anamanga wapadera mamba hydrostatic, ndi nkhani ya iwo mu ntchito yake. Tikhoza kunena kuti watsimikiza tsoka yake yasayansi.

Hydrostatic masekeli mamba kulola kudziwa pamene kachulukidwe wa miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo. The njira yokha watsegula Archimedes kwambiri. Galileo ndi ntchito yakuti "Small Scale" anali Florence masamu Guido del Monte. Wasayansi anazindikira yomweyo mu Galileo luso makaniko ndipo ankafuna kukakumana naye.

Zinali pa umboni wa Del Monte mu 1589 Galileo analandira professorship pa yunivesite wake, sanathe kumaliza chifukwa mavuto a zachuma. Koma panapita malipilo yochepa, koma asayansi anali osangalala chifukwa hydrostatic mamba Galileo anapanga wotchuka mu dziko sayansi. Iye imadziwika mwa masamu Italy.

The lonena "Pa kusuntha"

Nawaphunzitsa pa University of masamu komanso nzeru, Galileo anakumana kusankha kovuta. Pa dzanja limodzi - ndi inviolable maganizo chiphunzitso cha Aristotle, pa zina - mawunikidwe awo, mothandizidwa ndi zinachitikira. Malinga Aristotle thupi liwiro dontho ndi njila kwa kulemera kwake. Galileo anatsutsa mawu awa, pamene pa mboni zambiri waponya kuchokera atatsamira Tower a mipira ya yofanana, koma ndi olemera mosiyanasiyana. Aristotle anaphunzitsa kuti matupi osiyana ndi osiyana "lightness chuma", kotero ena a iwo akugwa mofulumira kwambiri kuposa ena. Kuti thupilo zoyenda, ayenera mpweya Kankhani, choncho kayendedwe ka thupi limasonyeza pakalibe voids. Zatsopano Galileo kunena ayi.

Mu 1590, kafukufuku analemba ndemanga "Pa kusuntha". , Iye anadzudzula maganizo a ophunzira a Aristotle (Peripatetics). Unachititsa mkwiyo wa wasayansi kuchokera oimira breech sayansi ankaonetsetsa. Komanso, yosayenera amalipidwa Galileo. Zinali yochepetsetsa kwambiri pa TV. Anamuthandiza zatchulidwazi del Monte, kulimbikitsa Galileo ku University amapemphera.

amapemphera nthawi

Kuyambira 1592 anayamba nthawi asonyeza mu moyo wa katswiriyu. Takambirana kale za Galileo mamba hydrostatic, omwe anakhala anapeza wake woyamba. Choncho, pa kuphunzitsa kwa zaka pa University amapemphera wasayansi anapanga china awiri. Galileo anatulukira thermoscope phunziro la zochitika matenthedwe ndi changwiro makinawa kuti iye zakutali.

Ndipotu thermometer thermoscope anali zinachitika. Kuti kuyambitsa izo, Galileo anayenera ukasintha kupendanso alipo pa nthawi mfundo za ozizira ndi kutentha.

Kutulukira makinawa ku Venice anadziwa kale mu 1609. deta chidwi anapeza, Galileo wangwiro chipangizo ndi kusinthidwa kuti asunge nyenyezi. Kumayambiriro a 1610 ofufuza kabukuka kakuthandizani anapeza nthambi zitatu za dziko Jupiter. Zochitika dziko panthawi zosiyanasiyana, Galileo anatha kumvetsa zimene makina zokhudza iye, osati mosemphanitsa. Izi anatsimikizira Kepler chitsanzo dongosolo, amene anali kutsatira za sayansi ndi.

Komanso, Galileo anapeza mfundo relativity mu mphamvu. Iye anapanga maziko a chiphunzitso panopa relativity. Galileo anapeza olakwika ponena za kayendedwe ka Aristotle. Empirically wasayansi anapeza kuti kayendedwe (mawotchi ndondomeko) ndi wachibale. Kuti si kulankhula za gululi, mosadziwa poyerekezera ndi "thupi la Buku" kumachitika. Okha ngati malamulo a zoyenda zonse. Choncho, kutseka kanyumba m'ngalawamo, sikutheka experimentally foniyo ndi uniformly kapena kupumula pansi ikuyenda.

atulukira zakuthambo

Chifukwa makinawa wakhalapo wasayansi panali zinthu zatsopano. Galileo Galiley anapeza magawo Venus, ndipo anakhutira kuli chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyenyezi Milky Way. Zochitika kayendedwe ka sunspots, wofufuza anazindikira kuti ndondomeko imeneyi ndi chifukwa kasinthasintha wa dzuwa. Mwa kuphunzira pamwamba pa mwezi, Galileo anapeza zimaphala ndi mapiri. Onsewa, iye kuchichepetsa yonena za chiphunzitso cosmogonic wa wosasinthika wa chilengedwe chonse, atacita kusintha zakuthambo. kuzipenya ake onse, Galileo zomwe zinalembedwa m'buku la "Star boma yotchedwa Gazette" imene inafalitsidwa mu 1610. Ntchito imeneyi anapereka kwa Duke wa Tuscany m'malo mwa Kozimo Medichi.

Bwererani ku Florence

Posachedwapa Duke anaitanidwa Galileo kugwira ntchito Florence. Wasayansi anaikidwa woyamba bwalo katswiri wamasamu wa University, amene sanafunike kuwerenga nkhani. Ndi nthawi ntchito ya Galileo unadziwika m'dziko lonse la Italy. Anamusilira pakati pawo mwaukali odedwa ndi ena. N'zoona poyamba kudana si zoonekeratu. Mu 1611 zakuthambo anali anaitanidwa ku Roma, kumene iye anali mwansangala moni nkhope woyamba wa mzinda ndi mpingo. Galileo akadali sanadziwe za anaika iye anaziika chinsinsi. otsutsa zolawula itakula mu 1613, pamene kusaka anaukitsidwa nkhani ya zosagwirizana Malemba ndi atulukira Galileo. kafukufuku The anapereka mlandu mwatsatanetsatane Poyankha, amene anayesa bwino kusiyanitsa pakati pa sayansi ndi mpingo. Mu 1616 anapita ku Rome ndi cholinga kuteteza chiphunzitso chawo.

The ndondomeko yoyamba

Zinthu zinali bwino. Chifukwa kuti anali ndi luso oratory luso Galileo. Komanso, wasayansi anathandiza Duke wa Tuscany polemba kusaka makalata. Mlandu Galileo anazindikira umboni. Koma tsopano pamaso asayansi panali kovuta kuti: legalization maganizo awo sayansi.

dongosolo Copernican sanathe poyera kuteteza, koma mawonekedwe kukambirana, mtsutso sikuti mukulakwitsa. Choncho, Galileo analemba pamanja "kukambirana za amabwera ndipo amatha" imene interlocutors atatu anakambirana machitidwe ziwiri zazikulu za dziko - Copernicus ndi Ptolemy. Mu 1630 iye anapita ku Roma m'buku lino. Asayansi anatenga zaka ziwiri kuthana ndi kufufuza, kuti mupeze chilolezo kufalitsa pamanja. Pomaliza, unaturuka mwa Florence mu August 1632.

The ndondomeko yachiwiri

Kusaka yomweyo anachita buku lakuti, angathe kuwaŵerenga ku Ulaya. Kumapeto kwa 1632 Galileo analamula kuti abwere ku Rome. Wasayansi anapempha amodzi ndi chifukwa matenda ndi ukalamba. Koma pempho lake sanayankhidwe. Kumayambiriro a 1633 kupita Rome pa machira. Patangopita mwezi, anakhala nthumwi Tuscan, kenako anatulutsa Galileo m'ndende za kusaka. Ndiyeno panali kumuopseza wozunzikirapo, amafuna renunciation, mafunso ndi chinthu kwambiri zimene katswiriyu - chiwonongeko cha ntchito zake. Kulungamitsa wake "Dialogues" pamaso Galileo oweruza analephera. Pamapeto pa mlanduwo, wasayansi linabweretsedwa ku agulupa ya St. Minerva, anapanga kusaina renunciation ndi moonekera kulapa pa mawondo ake.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1637, Galileo Galilei, kanthawi mbiri yomwe inali m'nkhani ino, anataya pamaso pake. Koma zisanachitike, wasayansi anakwanitsa kumaliza ntchito anadzipereka kuti zimene anachita mu munda wa zimango. Labor otchedwa 'maumboni masamu ndi zokamba zake. " Mosiyana ndi "kukambirana" m'buku lino onse anafotokoza ngati mkangano ndi mbali ya Aristotle salinso zogwirizana ndi zofunika kuvomerezedwa ndi malingaliro atsopano asayansi. Chifukwa cha khama la Abwenzi Galileo buku anali ngakhale pamene ofufuza moyo. Iye anali izi amazipanga osangalala.

Galileo Anamwalira kumayambiriro 1642 mu Villa mu Arcetri. Mu 1732-mamita fumbi wasayansi anatumizidwa ku Florence, ndi kumuika pafupi Michelangelo.

Izi yonena lonse. Galileo Galiley muyaya lolembedwa dzina lake mu mbiri ya sayansi. Pomaliza ife kupereka mfundo zingapo zokhudza kafukufuku izi.

Zosangalatsa za Galileo Galilei

• Mu 1992, Papa anafotokoza wasayansi monga wasayansi wanzeru ndipo anafotokoza chisoni za chigamulo chake chomaliza. Icho chinali choyamba akazindikire pagulu la Vatican za kasinthasintha wa Earth dzuwa.
• mamba Hydrostatic Galileo aphatikizidwa pamwamba asanu zoyambitsidwa wanzeru kwambiri, amene ntchito mu nthawi yathu.
• Mawu akuti "Ndipo komabe Kodi kusuntha!" The kafukufuku konse analankhula. nthano imeneyi kupangidwa ndi mtolankhani Italy.