Kukana motsutsana kutentha

Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe a nkhani iliyonse electrically conductive - kukana izi motsutsana kutentha. Ngati ankayimiridwa ngati Chithunzi ndi ntchito ndege, momwe intervals nthawi amalembedwa pa olamulira yopingasa (T), ndi ofukula - mtengo wa kukana ohmic (R), ndiye ife kupeza mzere wosweka. Kutentha kudalira kukaniza schematically tichipeza zigawo zitatu. Woyamba limafanana ndi kutentha yaing'ono - izi kukana nthawi amasintha pang'ono kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kwa ina, kenako mzere pa Zithunzi ukupita mmwamba kwambiri - ichi ndi chiwembu chachiwiri. Chachitatu, mbali yotsirizira - ndi molunjika akutambasula oposa mfundo limene linaima R msinkhu, pa ngodya ochepa kwa olamulira yopingasa.

Tanthauzo thupi la Zithunzi izi ndi izi: kukaniza kutentha kudalira a wochititsa likutchedwa ndi losavuta liniya aone kuti pali malinga ngati Kutentha kuchuluka si upambana ena khalidwe kufunika kwa mfundo imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo pano umboni: ngati + 10 ° C zinthu kulimbana ndi 10 ohms, ndiye kuti 40 ° C mtengo wa R sadzasintha, otsala malire a zolakwa kayesedwe. Koma ngakhale pa 41 ° C kulumpha mu kukana ukapezeka 70 ohms. Ngati kuwonjezeka kutentha sadzaleka chilichonse madigiri wotsatira adzagwa zina 5 ohms.

Mundawu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana magetsi, motero chifukwa deta pa mkuwa monga mmodzi wa zipangizo ambiri mu makina magetsi. Choncho, kwa mkuwa kutentha wochititsa lililonse kuwonjezeka zina digiri ku kukana kumabweretsa peresenti theka la mtengo yeniyeni (amapezeka mu magome yofotokozedwapo zimaonetsedwa 20 ° C, 1 mita yaitali gawo la 1 mm²).

Mu chochitika cha zachitsulo wochititsa electromotive mphamvu EMF limapezeka magetsi inawadutsa - imatsogoleredwa kayendedwe ka particles pulayimale ndi mlandu. Ayoni alipo mfundo ya pa crystalline latisi wa zitsulo, sangathe kugwira ma elekitironi yaitali m'njira awo akunja, iwo akhoza kusuntha momasuka mu buku la zinthu mfundo wina ndi mzake. Izi kuyenda mwachisawawa chifukwa cha mphamvu kunja - kutentha.

Ngakhale mfundo kuyenda alipo, si lotsogoleredwa Koma si ankamuona ngati panopa. Pamene m'munda magetsi, ma elekitironi ndi zochokera malinga ndi kasinthidwe ake, kupanga gulu anawauza. Koma monga mmene matenthedwe sanali kutha, particles mosintha kusuntha adzawombana ndi munda anawauza. The kudalira mwa kukana zitsulo ndi kutentha limasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kusokonezedwa ndi ndimeyi wa panopa. The apamwamba kutentha, ndi apamwamba a R kondakitala.

Zoonekeratu mapeto: kuchepetsa mlingo wa Kutentha zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kukana. Superconductivity (20 ° K) monga yodziwika ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri wa matenthedwe wachisokonezo zoyenda wa particles mwa thunthu.

Taganizirani katundu zakuthupi conductive chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangamanga magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, kudalira pa wochititsa kukana wa kutentha ntchito masensa amagetsi. Podziwa kufunika kwake kwa zinthu ina angathe kupanga thermistor, kulumikiza izo ndi digito kapena analogi chipangizo kuwerenga, kuchita zoyenera kuwunikira lonse ndi ntchito monga njira ina m'malo a thermometer Mercury. Pa mtima masensa ambiri masiku ano matenthedwe anaika ndendende mfundo imeneyi, chifukwa kudalirika apamwamba, ndi kosavuta kamangidwe.

Komanso, kutentha kudalira kukaniza Kutentha limachititsa kuwerengera galimoto windings.